Article
Chemistry, Applied
Benjamin Fleiss, Stefan Penthor, Stefan Mueller, Hermann Hofbauer, Josef Fuchs
Summary: This study aims to develop a fast and cost-effective characterization scheme for oxygen carriers under operational conditions in order to assess the comparability of different materials. Three oxygen carriers were investigated in detail in a laboratory-fluidized bed and compared with operation in an 80 kW pilot plant. The results show that bed material properties such as attrition, density, and bulk density must be prioritized in the evaluation of oxygen carriers.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Amr Abdalla, Mohanned Mohamedali, Nader Mahinpey
Summary: Continuing increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations has had significant negative impacts on the environment, prompting research efforts to find alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has emerged as a promising technology for CO2 capture, and the development of efficient oxygen carriers is crucial for its success. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in synthetic metal oxide-based oxygen carriers over the past seven years, along with key performance indicators used for evaluation. The review focuses on the development of oxygen carriers such as Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co-based metal oxides, and outlines the challenges, research needs, and opportunities for future progress in this field.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivana Stanicic, Joakim Brorsson, Anders Hellman, Tobias Mattisson, Rainer Backman
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) enables efficient combustion of hydrocarbon fuels while producing a gas stream with high CO2 concentrations. This paper investigates the fate of ash elements in a system using iron-based oxygen carriers and provides a comprehensive comparison with previous experimental data. The study finds that the choice of oxygen carriers significantly influences the behavior of ash elements.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Sampron, Luis F. de Diego, Francisco Garcia-Labiano, Maria T. Izquierdo
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different iron content oxygen carriers on the performance of the BCLG system. The research indicates that oxygen carriers with varying iron levels exhibit similar gasification parameters and tar production under changes in oxygen-to-fuel ratio and fuel reactor temperature.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Sanaz Daneshmand-Jahromi, Mohammad Hashem Sedghkerdar, Nader Mahinpey
Summary: This review provides a detailed understanding of the selection and fabrication methods of oxygen carrier (OC) materials for Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) up to 2022. The CLC process is a well-known technology for capturing CO2 emissions and generating energy. Scaling up the CLC process requires the development of suitable OCs with high oxygen transport capacity, reactivity, and stability. The review covers the fundamentals of the CLC process, kinetics of reduction and oxidation reactions, and various fabrication methods for OC materials. Synthetic OCs are extensively discussed, including mechanical mixing, sol-gel, co-precipitation, impregnation, freeze granulation, and spray-drying. The review also summarizes the different lab and pilot-scale operating facilities.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zichen Di, Duygu Yilmaz, Arijit Biswas, Fangqin Cheng, Henrik Leion
Summary: Industrial materials containing spinel ferrite structure can be potential substitutes for synthetic oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion, showing similar reactivity and stability but lower oxygen transport capacity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shouxi Jiang, Laihong Shen, Jingchun Yan, Xin Niu, Bin Hu
Summary: The study investigated Cu-Fe bimetallic oxygen carriers (OCs) supported by SiO2, Al2O3, or hematite in a fluidized-bed reactor. It was found that CuFe-He and CuFe-Al OCs performed better than CuFe-Si OC, with the latter leading to deactivation due to irreversible interaction. Hematite was identified as an excellent support candidate for manufacturing Cu-Fe OCs. Additionally, maintaining a high O/C ratio and increasing reaction temperature above 850 degrees C promoted coal conversion efficiency in chemical looping combustion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arturo Cabello, Teresa Mendiara, M. Teresa Izquierdo, Francisco Garcia-Labiano, Alberto Abad
Summary: This study investigated the use of a low-cost Fe-based residue as an oxygen carrier in the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) and Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR) processes with biogas. The results showed that the methane combustion efficiency in the CLC process was higher (around 86%) compared to other low-cost Fe-based materials. The dry reforming of biogas in the CLR process achieved about 55% methane conversion and a yield of 1.3 mol (CO + H2)/mol CH4 for syngas production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fang Liu, Weiliao Kang, Chen Song, Zhixuan Jia, Wenbin Chen, Li Yang
Summary: This study conducted experiments to investigate the attrition behavior of an iron-based oxygen carrier under different conditions in chemical looping combustion, revealing the importance of chemical stress on attrition and proposing the attrition mechanism of the oxygen carrier. The results show a dynamic increase process of contribution of chemical stress to attrition and a dominance of chemical stress after a certain number of cycles, indicating the significance of understanding and managing chemical stress in optimizing the performance of chemical looping combustion systems.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Viktor Andersson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Xiangrui Kong, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson, Jan B. C. Pettersson
Summary: The study investigates the interactions between alkali and an oxygen carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) to better understand the fate of alkali in the process. Results show that alkali uptake is limited under oxidizing conditions but significant during stable reducing conditions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Toni Pikkarainen, Juho Kauppinen, Carl Linderholm, Britt-Marie Steenari, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of biomass is a promising technology for power generation with integrated carbon capture, but the alkali content of biomass may lead to bed agglomeration and oxygen carrier absorption issues. Studies have shown that gas-phase alkali emissions in CLC operation can be up to 15 times higher than in OCAC operation, mainly due to steam accelerating the decomposition of alkali compounds in the biomass.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ying Li, Yanan Wang, Kunlei Liu, Haibo Zhao
Summary: This study explores the advantages of Cu/Fe-based composite oxygen carriers in terms of cyclic reactivity and kinetic parameters, providing guidance and optimization methods for the design of low-cost oxygen carriers.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Li Yang, Wenbin Chen, Chen Song, Caifu Li, Jinlong Chen, Xi Zhang, Fang Liu
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a technique that utilizes oxygen carriers (OCs) to transfer oxygen and heat between fuel reactor and air reactor. The attrition of OCs is a major impediment to the large-scale application of CLC technology. In this study, the effects of different biomass ashes on the reactivity and attrition resistance of red mud OCs were investigated. The results showed that the rape straw ash promoted the reactivity of OCs, while the bagasse ash improved the attrition resistance. The corn straw ash was found to be an effective material for strengthening the skeleton structure of OCs, enhancing both reactivity and attrition resistance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Clemens F. Patzschke, Matthew E. Boot-Handford, Qilei Song, Paul S. Fennell
Summary: The study found that copper manganese spinel oxides are promising oxygen carriers for the CLOU and CLAS processes due to their high O-2 release capacity and fast release kinetics. Material properties of oxygen carriers can be improved by adjusting Cu:Mn ratios and synthesis conditions to optimize performance. After extended cycling tests, the oxygen carriers showed excellent stability and high resistance to attrition.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinchen Ma, Daofeng Mei, Chaoquan Wang, Xin Tian, Zhaohui Liu, Haibo Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the fate of sulfur during in-situ gasification chemical looping combustion of coal, highlighting the resistance of Fe2O3/Al2O3 to sulfur and the positive effects of temperature and oxygen/fuel ratio on the conversion of sulfur compounds. Additionally, the research demonstrated the desulfurization function of coal ash and the effective conversion of sulfur-containing gases into SO2 using oxygen carrier materials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoyun Li, Anders Lyngfelt, David Pallares, Carl Linderholm, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: This study investigates the effect of volatile distributor on the lateral distribution of volatiles in a fluidized bed under different operational conditions. The results show that a volatile distributor with uneven hole arrangements can provide a more uniform horizontal distribution of volatiles, suitable for different fluidization regimes.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daofeng Mei, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Anders Lyngfelt, Henrik Leion, Carl Linderholm, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Manganese ore EB exhibits higher reactivity with syngas but lower reaction rate with CH4 compared to other manganese ores. Improving the contact between volatiles and bed material is crucial for enhancing combustion performance in the CLC process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nasrin Nemati, Yukari Tsuji, Tobias Mattisson, Magnus Ryden
Summary: This study investigated the conversion of gaseous fuels during chemical looping combustion (CLC) in a packed fluidized reactor. The use of packings was found to improve the fuel conversion by enhancing gas-solid mass transfer, mainly due to the reduced bubble size. The results were consistent for different fuels, packings, and bed heights.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daofeng Mei, Anders Lyngfelt, Henrik Leion, Carl Linderholm, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Alkali is a problematic component in biomass combustion and chemical looping combustion using biomass fuels. This study investigated the interaction between alkali and an oxygen carrier by adding alkali salts to impregnated charcoal particles. The experiments showed that using alkali-impregnated charcoal led to partial agglomeration and defluidization, with the use of K-charcoal resulting in faster agglomeration/defluidization compared to Na-charcoal. Partial agglomeration could be due to surface melting of the braunite particles, while the formation of a low-melting-point Na-Si-Ca system could be responsible for agglomeration in Na-charcoal experiments. The concentration of alkali in the braunite bed increased with the use of alkali charcoals, but the reactivity of the used braunite was hardly affected.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivana Stanicic, Rainer Backman, Yu Cao, Magnus Ryden, Jesper Aronsson, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Oxygen Carrier Aided Combustion (OCAC) is a novel approach for burning waste in a fluidized bed. This study analyzed solid samples from an industrial OCAC application using municipal solid waste and ilmenite as the oxygen carrier. The presence of oxygen carriers was found to influence the ash chemistry and the distribution of elements throughout the particle cross-section. The results provide valuable insights into the solid-state chemistry and fate of important elements.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Hedayati, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The performance of two oxygen carriers in CLC and CLG conditions were tested, showing higher syngas yield and methane conversion, better mechanical properties and less dust formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Viktor Andersson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Xiangrui Kong, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson, Jan B. C. Pettersson
Summary: The study investigates the interactions between alkali and an oxygen carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) to better understand the fate of alkali in the process. Results show that alkali uptake is limited under oxidizing conditions but significant during stable reducing conditions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredrik Hildor, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Steel converter slag, also known as LD slag, is a potential oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping. However, the interaction between calcium and sulfur in LD slag may affect its usability. Experimental results show that sulfur increases the gasification rate and CO conversion for both LD slag and ilmenite, but has no effect on the conversion of benzene. Sulfur is partially absorbed into LD slag particles with calcium, forming CaS and/or CaSO4, which inhibits the catalytic effect of CaO on the water gas shift reaction. The absorbed sulfur is released as SO2 when the SO2 vapor pressure is decreased.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Purnomo, Daofeng Mei, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Henrik Leion
Summary: Chemical looping gasification is an emerging process for producing valuable chemical feedstocks. This study found that the variation of the oxygen carrier mass conversion degree indirectly affects the conversion of biomass char, and validated the models used for evaluating the char conversion. The use of ilmenite in this process is unlikely to suffer from major agglomeration or fluidization issues.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredrik Hildor, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Martin Seemann, Tobias Mattisson, Henrik Leion
Summary: This study investigates the effect of using steel converter slag as an oxygen-carrying bed material on tar species generated in a dual fluidized bed biomass gasifier. The findings suggest that steel converter slag possesses catalytic properties, resulting in a decreased ratio of heavy tar components compared to ilmenite and sand. Temperature and fuel load have a significant effect on tar generation compared to the circulation and steam ratio.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Inaki Adanez-Rubio, Tobias Mattisson, Marijke Jacobs, Juan Adanez
Summary: Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) is a technology that separates the oxygen for fuel combustion using an oxygen carrier in a fuel reactor. This study investigates the behavior of Mn/Mg/Si system as oxygen carriers for CLOU. The most reactive oxygen carriers without Si in the structure were found to be M24Mg76 and M48Mg51. These carriers showed good reactivity and mechanical stability in a batch fluidized bed reactor.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Purnomo, Ivana Stanicic, Daofeng Mei, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Magnus Ryden, Henrik Leion
Summary: Iron sand, a by-product of the industry, has a reasonable iron content and low cost. It has been found that iron sand can be used as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping gasification (CLG), with an oxygen transfer capacity lower than ilmenite. Utilizing iron sand leads to higher conversion rates of pine forest residue char to CO and H2 compared to ilmenite. The study also presents novel findings on the crystalline phase transformation of iron sand at different oxidation levels.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Muhammad Nauman Saeed, Mohammad Shahrivar, Gajanan Dattarao Surywanshi, Tharun Roshan Kumar, Tobias Mattisson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim
Summary: The second-generation bio aviation fuel production via Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) combined with downstream Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a possible way to decarbonize aviation sector. This study models the full chain process of biomass to liquid fuel (BtL) with LD-slag and Ilmenite as oxygen carriers using Aspen Plus software, validates the results with experiments, and conducts a techno-economic analysis of the process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredrik Hildor, Tobias Mattisson, Carl Linderholm, Henrik Leion
Summary: This study investigates the effect of adding small amounts of more reactive elements into steel converter slag, which improves its reactivity towards CO and CH4, and increases the conversion rate of benzene.
GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daofeng Mei, Anders Lyngfelt, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a technology that can generate heat and power while capturing CO2. Using biomass in CLC (bio-CLC) allows for negative CO2 emissions. This study investigates the interaction between alkalis in biomass and the process, focusing on charcoal impregnated with alkali chlorides. The results show that impregnation with alkalis improves the gasification rate, with carbonates resulting in earlier and more permanent defluidization compared to chlorides. Partial agglomeration and retention of alkalis in the oxygen carrier are observed, with similar reactivity noticed with CH4 and H2.