4.3 Article

Determination of paraquat in environmental samples using salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with microchannel and HPLC

Journal

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1651852

Keywords

Salting out; liquid-liquid extraction; microchannel; paraquat

Funding

  1. Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

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For the first time a new sample preparation method namely salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction in microchennel (SALLE-MC) was developed for the determination of paraquat (PQ) in environmental samples. In the proposed method, the mixture of aqueous sample, miscible organic solvent (extracting solvent) and salting-out agent were mixed by a magnetic stirrer and simultaneously delivered into a microchannel using a syringe pump. Quantitative analysis was achieved using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Effective parameters on the extraction efficiency of PQ such as extracting solvent and its volume, salt amount, pH of sample solution, microchannel shape, length and its inner diameter were investigated and optimised. Under the optimised conditions, calibration curve of the proposed method was linear in the range of 0.02-30 mu g/mL with R-2 coefficient of 0.9954. Extraction recovery data were in the range of 90.0-94.0% with relative standard deviation less than 6.0%. The results show that the proposed method has higher extraction efficiency than conventional SALLE. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of PQ in environmental samples.

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