Journal
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
Volume 77, Issue -, Pages 32-43Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001
Keywords
Cosmic rays; Air shower; Radio detection
Funding
- NASA
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
- Ministerio de Economia [FPA2012-39489]
- Consolider-Ingenio CPAN Programme [CSD2007-00042]
- Xunta de Galicia [GRC2013-024]
- Feder Fundsand Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET (European Particle physics Latin American NETwork)
- 7th Framework Program [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/K001426/1, PP/E006876/1, ST/N000285/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/N000285/1, ST/K001426/1, PP/E006876/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of similar to 36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 x 10(18) eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with, the properties of those events. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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