Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 46, Issue 19, Pages 10764-10772Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083601
Keywords
land subsidence; sediment loading; relative sea level rise; Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta
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Funding
- Belmont Forum/IGFA, G8, BanD-Aid project (ANR in France)
- DFG in Germany
- NSF in the U.S. [ICER1342644]
- NSF [EAR 1714892]
- French research agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR) under the DELTA project [ANR-17-CE03-0001]
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The subsidence of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD) drastically increases the adverse impacts of coastal flooding and exacerbates the vulnerability of populations from ongoing rapid sea level rise. We focus here on estimating the present-day subsidence rates induced by the loading of sediments continuously deposited within the GBMD over the past 11,000 years. By constructing a realistic GBMD 3-D numerical model with laterally variable mantle and lithospheric structure, we demonstrate for the first time that the presence of the strong Indian Craton and the weakened Indo-Burma margin results in significant amplification of subsidence driven by sediment loading in the eastern part of the delta, where the population density is the highest (>1,000 habitants per km(2)). Although uncertainties remain regarding the amplitude of subsidence, the rate estimates (2-3 mm/year) are found to be comparable to the present-day global mean sea level rise.
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