Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yueqi Fu, Ya Yang, Liyuan Zhu, Jing Chen, Ningning Yu, Mei Zhao
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary n-6: n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The results showed that a higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds of GDM.
GYNECOLOGICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Qixiu Huang, Lijun Xiang, Li Zhang, Yushanjiang Maimaiti, Wenfang Luo, Zhonghua Lei
Summary: This study analyzed the fatty acid content of five varieties of oilseed sunflower and sequenced the transcriptome of seed embryos from one high oleic acid variety at different stages. The results showed that oleic acid synthesis dominated the pathways of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in seed embryos. Differential expression genes were detected at various post-flowering stages, with the highest number of up-regulated genes at 10 days after flowering and most genes being down-regulated at 20 days after flowering. The enriched genes were consistent with the FAD2 gene in almost all experimental groups. The expression of FAD2 was negatively correlated with the expressions of FAD6, FAD3, and FAD7. The expression level of FAD2 was highly negatively correlated with the final oleic acid content and highly positively correlated with the final linoleic acid content during seed embryo development, suggesting that FAD2 is a key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ornella Selmin, Andreas J. Papoutsis, Sabine Hazan, Christopher Smith, Nick Greenfield, Micah G. Donovan, Spencer N. Wren, Thomas C. Doetschman, Justin M. Snider, Ashley J. Snider, Sherry H-H Chow, Donato F. Romagnolo
Summary: This study compared the effects of a typical Western diet and a soybean oil-rich n-6HFD on gut inflammation and microbiome using a mouse model. The results showed that n-6HFD induced colonic inflammation and altered gut bacterial composition, promoting the growth of proinflammatory bacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Claudia Velazquez-Sanchez, Miguel Angel Vences-Guzman, Soledad Moreno, Raunel Tinoco-Valencia, Guadalupe Espin, Josefina Guzman, Diana X. Sahonero-Canavesi, Christian Sohlenkamp, Daniel Segura
Summary: The inactivation of PsrA in Azotobacter vinelandii reduces the synthesis and content of unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in decreased cell viability. This study demonstrates the important role of PsrA in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism by positively regulating fabAB.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Gemma Nydia Villagomez, Rene-Chris Brachvogel, Zsolt Karpati, Sara D. Leonhardt, Thomas Schmitt, Fabian A. Ruedenauer
Summary: Pollen is an important tissue in plants for reproduction and plays a significant role in pollinator choices and well-being. Existing methods for fatty acid analyses are not always specific to pollen fatty acids, making it challenging to compare different methods. This study highlights common mistakes and pitfalls in pollen fatty acid extraction and proposes a common protocol for reliable comparisons of pollen samples.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Erika F. H. Saunders, Dahlia Mukherjee, Tiffany Myers, Emily Wasserman, Ahmad Hameed, Venkatesh Bassappa Krishnamurthy, Beth Maclntosh, Anthony Domenichiello, Christopher E. Ramsden, Ming Wang
Summary: The study investigated the preliminary efficacy of a high n-3 plus low n-6 (H3-L6) dietary intervention in improving mood stability in Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients. Results showed that the H3-L6 group had reduced variability in mood, energy, irritability, and pain compared to the control group, but no significant differences were found in mean ratings of mood symptoms between the two groups. The dietary intervention showed potential in improving mood symptom variability in BD participants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erin D. Clarke, Jordan Stanford, Jessica J. A. Ferguson, Lisa G. Wood, Clare E. Collins
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between fatty acids, diet quality scores, and inflammatory markers. The results indicate a positive association between saturated fat and inflammation, while monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the Mediterranean diet are inversely associated with inflammation.
Article
Microbiology
Marina Francais, Romain Bott, Claire Dargaignaratz, Christian Ginies, Frederic Carlin, Veronique Broussolle, Christophe Nguyen-The
Summary: The study observed sequential changes of fatty acids in Bacillus cereus during cold growth process, with short-chain fatty acids increasing rapidly in the early growth stage and then decreasing, followed by an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, contributing to growth consolidation and survival at cold temperatures. Unsaturated fatty acids, particularly those from unsaturation of n16, increased in all three strains, highlighting the importance of kinetic analysis of fatty acids during cold adaptation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ligang Yang, Chao Yang, Zhixiu Song, Min Wan, Hui Xia, Xian Yang, Dengfeng Xu, Da Pan, Hechun Liu, Shaokang Wang, Guiju Sun
Summary: Postprandial metabolism plays significant roles in various pathological conditions, and the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio is closely associated with physiological disorders. This study investigated the effects of high fat meals with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on postprandial metabolism in normal control and hypertriglyceridemia rats. The results showed that the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio influenced the postprandial response of triglyceride, total cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species in both normal control and hypertriglyceridemia rats.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mohsen Mazidi, Andre P. Kengne, Mario Siervo, Richard Kirwan
Summary: The study suggests that higher dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is associated with improved renal function and lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), while there is no significant association between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake and renal function or CKD risk. Genetically determined serum levels of PUFAs and MUFAs also do not show significant association with renal function and CKD risk.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhuolin Zhang, Yiling Jiang, Xue Li, Dandan Shi, Ting Ma, Ruolin Zhou, Caixia Zhang
Summary: This study highlights the complexity and inaccuracy in using a simple analysis of individual dietary n-3 PUFAs to examine their associations with breast cancer risk. Interventions aimed at increasing erythrocyte long-chain n-3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy for breast cancer prevention.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michele Matta, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Biessy, Corinne Casagrande, Sahar Yammine, Agnes Fournier, Karina Standahl Olsen, Marco Lukic, Inger Torhild Gram, Eva Ardanaz, Maria-Jose Sanchez, Laure Dossus, Renee T. Fortner, Bernard Srour, Franziska Jannasch, Matthias B. Schulze, Pilar Amiano, Antonio Agudo, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, J. Ramon Quiros, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Valeria Pala, Carlotta Sacerdote, Anne Tjonneland, Anja Olsen, Christina C. Dahm, Ann H. Rosendahl, Signe Borgquist, Maria Wennberg, Alicia K. Heath, Dagfinn Aune, Julie Schmidt, Elisabete Weiderpass, Veronique Chajes, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy
Summary: This study found that higher dietary intakes of trans fatty acids, especially industrial trans fatty acids, were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among over 318,000 women. This association was consistent across menopausal status, body mass index, and breast cancer subtypes. Further mechanistic studies are needed to explore the underlying biological pathways.
Article
Zoology
Brandon D. Hoenig, Brian K. Trevelline, Steven C. Latta, Brady A. Porter
Summary: The introduction of laboratory methods in animal dietary studies, such as DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis, has improved accuracy and precision in obtaining results.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jones Ofosu, Moses Addo Nartey, Xianhong Mo, Jiangfeng Ye, Yan Zhang, Changjun Zeng, Ming Zhang, Yi Fang, Guangbin Zhou
Summary: Metabolites in ram sperm play important roles in maintaining plasma membrane integrity, energy metabolism, and cryotolerance regulation. This study identified differential metabolites during cryopreservation in ram sperm and found that certain key polyunsaturated fatty acids were down-regulated during cooling and cryopreservation. The differentially regulated metabolites were enriched in several metabolic pathways, providing new knowledge to improve the cryopreservation process.
Article
Fisheries
Ilaria de Meo, Kjartan Ostbye, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Brian Hayden, Marius Magnus, Antonio B. S. Poleo
Summary: This study investigated the trophic ecology of crucian carp using stable isotope and gut content analysis, and found that their resource use and food preferences were highly dynamic and varied among individuals and lakes.
ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sami J. Taipale, Jussi Vesamaki, Petra Kautonen, Jussi V. K. Kukkonen, Christina Biasi, Riitta Nissinen, Marja Tiirola
Summary: Research has shown that the rate of plastic biodegradation and carbon disappearance varies in different freshwater environments. The biodegradation rate is significantly higher in humic-lake waters compared to clear-lake waters and artificial freshwater medium. Complete biodegradation of plastic can take anywhere from 100-200 years in humic-lake waters to potentially thousands of years in other water bodies. Additionally, specific types of bacteria play a key role in the degradation process.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Benjamin Yost Hayden
Summary: The parcellation of the primate cerebral cortex into numbered regions, based on cytoarchitecture, has been helpful to understand cognition. However, these maps limit functional neuroanatomy and it is time to think more broadly in order to incorporate emergentist organization and interactional complexity into neuroscience.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David Jofre Madariaga, Maria Teresa Gonzalez, Christopher Dias Borquez, Erasmo C. Macaya, Chris Harrod, Martin Thiel
Summary: Codium fragile, an invasive seaweed, has successfully colonized coastal habitats in temperate regions but is rarely found in lower latitudes. In a study conducted in Chile, Codium was primarily found in mid and high tidepools, with larger individuals in the high intertidal pools and reproductive individuals in mid tidepools. The presence of Codium in these habitats can be attributed to lower consumer pressure and its tolerance to extreme environmental conditions.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
S. J. Taipale, C. Rigaud, M. L. Calderini, M. J. Kainz, M. Pilecky, S. Uusi-Heikkila, J. S. Vesamaki, K. Vuorio, M. Tiirola
Summary: This study examines the contribution of mixotrophic organisms and the fate of carbon in the food web using labeled materials. It finds that mixotrophic algae can upgrade simple fatty acids and contribute essential biomolecules to higher trophic levels.
Article
Ecology
Ossi Keva, Jaakko J. Litmanen, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Ursula Strandberg, Mikko Kiljunen, Heikki Hamalainen, Sami J. Taipale
Summary: Eutrophication and lake browning affect the nutritional quality and feeding preference of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Lake chemistry and morphology do not explain these effects well. Zooplankton show selective feeding, possibly by foraging in high-quality algae patches or selectively assimilating PUFAs.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ursula Strandberg, George Arhonditsis, Petri Kesti, Jussi Vesterinen, Jussi S. Vesamaeki, Sami J. Taipale, Paula Kankaala
Summary: Shallow littoral areas in lakes are important habitats for diverse invertebrate and vertebrate species, and their abundance, diversity, and nutritional quality are influenced by various environmental factors. Lake typology, habitat, water chemistry, and latitude all play a significant role in determining the taxon richness, abundance, and content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in littoral macroinvertebrate communities. Understanding these relationships is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance and functioning of lakes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. J. Piro, S. J. Taipale, H. M. Laiho, E. S. Eerola, K. K. Kahilainen
Summary: A year-round study reveals that the seasonal variability has a significant impact on the concentration and bioaccumulation of THg in fish. Different fish species show variations in THg levels and bioaccumulation slopes across seasons, highlighting the importance of standardized sampling in long-term monitoring.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalia Kozak, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Hannu K. Pakkanen, Brian Hayden, Kjartan o Stbye, Sami J. Taipale
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between total mercury (THg) content in northern pike and amino acids, as well as various environmental and biological factors. The study found a positive relationship between THg and proline, while seven out of sixteen analyzed amino acids were significantly negatively related to warmer and more productive lakes. The study highlights the importance of both biological and environmental variables in determining THg levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Pilecky, Leonard I. Wassenaar, Sami Taipale, Martin J. Kainz
Summary: Compound-specific stable-isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids is a powerful tool for understanding the trophic transfer and biochemical fate of fatty acids in ecosystems. This article provides a detailed guide for the sample preparation process and analysis of stable isotopes in fatty acids. It also discusses the technical challenges and recommended techniques for accurate measurement of CSIA.
Article
Ecology
Cyril Rigaud, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Marco L. Calderini, Matthias Pilecky, Martin J. Kainz, Marja Tiirola, Sami J. Taipale
Summary: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are critical for reproduction and thermal adaptation in fish. In a study on European perch in a boreal lake, the expression of the fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) gene in the liver was found to vary with individual size, sex, and maturity, as well as the stable isotopes values and fatty acids content in their diet. The production of ARA and DHA, two important PUFA, was limited to the summer months, but perch required more of these fatty acids during winter when their muscle content was higher. The expression of fads2 in perch liver increased during winter, particularly in mature females, who stored DHA in their gonads even before the spawning season in spring. These findings suggest that perch can regulate the biosynthesis of physiologically required PUFA in response to stress or high energetic demand.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marco L. Calderini, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Satu Estlander, Elina Peltomaa, Alexander J. Piro, Cyril Rigaud, Jukka Ruuhijarvi, Pauliina Salmi, Jussi Vesterinen, Kristiina Vuorio, Sami J. Taipale
Summary: This study assessed the impact of eutrophication on the food web in 12 Finnish boreal lakes. The results showed that eutrophication led to increased biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish communities, but also affected species composition. Additionally, eutrophication negatively affected the synthesis and transfer of fatty acids.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)