Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. J. Rodenkirch, T. Rometsch, C. P. Dullemond, P. Weber, W. Kley
Summary: The study investigates the physical mechanisms behind the formation of the crescent-shaped asymmetry and ring structures in the HD 163296 disk, suggesting that they may be attributed to planet-disk interactions. Simulation results show that the crescent-shaped feature can be qualitatively modeled, and provide insights by constraining the level of viscosity and planetary mass.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. Bergez-Casalou, B. Bitsch, N. T. Kurtovic, P. Pinilla
Summary: New ALMA observations provide constraints on planet formation in protoplanetary disks. By using simulations and observations, it is found that giant planets perturb the radial gas velocities of the disk and create traffic jams in the dust. High-resolution observations are needed to distinguish important features in the inner part of the disk. The study also shows the potential of ALMA to constrain different stages of planet formation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Kessler, Y. Alibert
Summary: In the core accretion scenario of planet formation, the accretion of millimetre- to centimetre-sized pebbles allows for rapid core growth within the disk lifetime, while the accretion of kilometre-sized planetesimals often results in longer planet formation timescales. This study investigates the interplay between the two accretion processes in a disk containing both pebbles and planetesimals, and concludes that the late accretion of planetesimals is a critical factor in the giant planet formation process in hybrid pebble-planetesimal scenarios.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anina Timmermann, Yutong Shan, Ansgar Reiners, Andreas Pack
Summary: Equilibrium condensation simulations provide insights into the composition of exoplanets and their relation to their host star. In this study, a simplified model was developed to simulate condensation in protoplanetary disks, investigating the formation characteristics of rocky planets and the bulk compositions of planets around chemically diverse stars by varying pressure and elemental abundance pattern.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Pinilla, N. T. Kurtovic, M. Benisty, C. F. Manara, A. Natta, E. Sanchis, M. Tazzari, S. M. Stammler, L. Ricci, L. Testi
Summary: The frequency of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones appears to be higher around M-dwarfs, making these systems exciting laboratories to investigate planet formation. Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The characteristics of the disk around CIDA 1 challenge current dust evolution models, particularly processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alex J. Cridland, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Benoit Tabone, Lukasz Tychoniec, Melissa McClure, Pooneh Nazari, Ewine F. van Dishoeck
Summary: Recent surveys have questioned whether the first steps of planet formation occur in younger systems with enough dust in their embedded disks. This study models the collapse of a dusty proto-stellar cloud and finds that moderately coupled dust grains with a dust-to-gas mass ratio near unity can drive the streaming instability for planetesimal formation. The results suggest that planetesimal formation occurs earlier in the lifetime of young stars and can build the core of the first giant planet.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Oosterloo, I. Kamp, W. van Westrenen, C. Dominik
Summary: The abundance of CHNOS in planetesimals and planets is crucial for understanding their initial composition. In this study, we compared the timescales of various processes in planet-forming disks to determine the regions where these processes are fully coupled. We developed the SHAMPOO code to track the CHNOS abundances in dust particles and investigated the effects of fragmentation velocity and home aggregate filling factor on the amount of CHNOS-bearing ices.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kang Shuai, Hejiu Hui, Li-Yong Zhou, Weiqiang Li
Summary: In this study, N-body simulations were used to investigate the spatial distributions of Cr and O isotopes in the inner protoplanetary disk. The simulations showed a spatial gradient of Cr isotopic anomaly in the inner disk, but no gradient in increment O-17 variation. This may indicate a difference in the origin or thermal processing of the materials.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alex J. Cridland, Stefano Facchini, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Myriam Benisty
Summary: By studying the physical and chemical models of the 5 Myr old PDS 70 system, a volatile carbon-to-oxygen number ratio above unity was found in the outer disk. This was used to estimate the atmospheric C/O ratio of the planets PDS 70b and PDS 70c. The research provides a foundation for understanding the disk and planet formation scenario in the PDS 70 system.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
N. Oberg, S. Cazaux, I. Kamp, T. -M. Brundl, W. F. Thi, C. Immerzeel
Summary: This study aims to explore the process of ice formation in CPDs to determine which disk properties are consistent with the formation of an icy moon system. By analyzing the radiation thermochemical code ProDiMo, we have derived the radial ice abundance and rate of ice formation in a model CPDs. The results show that three-body reactions play an important role in water formation and the CPD must have a depleted dust midplane to produce ice-rich satellites.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nicolas Kaufmann, Yann Alibert
Summary: The effects of planetesimal fragmentation on planet formation were investigated using a population synthesis approach. The study found that fragmentation can either enhance or hinder planet formation, depending on the size of solids generated in collisions. Larger fragments promote accretion beyond the ice line, while smaller fragments hinder the formation process due to shorter drift timescales.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masahiro Ogihara, Yasunori Hori, Masanobu Kunitomo, Kenji Kurosaki
Summary: The study demonstrates that the formation of giant planets with large metal masses can be explained by a mechanism involving envelope mass loss during giant impacts and core accretion during disk evolution. Gas accretion and photoevaporation are key factors in the formation of giant planets with large metal fractions.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Christian Eistrup, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Sebastiaan Krijt
Summary: This study aims to model the compositional evolution of volatile ices on grains of different sizes, considering time-dependent grain growth and multiple constant grain sizes. The results show that grain growth reduces the available grain-surface area for ice-phase reactions, leading to a decrease in reaction efficiency. Larger grain sizes have a smaller impact on the change in C/O ratio in the gas phase. Choosing a constant grain size from a grain evolution model may be an appropriate simplification when studying the impact of grain growth on chemical evolution.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
N. T. Kurtovic, P. Pinilla, Anna B. T. Penzlin, M. Benisty, L. Perez, C. Ginski, A. Isella, W. Kley, F. Menard, S. Perez, A. Bayo
Summary: By analyzing the observations and simulations of CS Cha, the study suggests a high possibility of planetary formation in circumbinary orbits, and the combination of low eccentricity and axisymmetry provides further evidence for this hypothesis.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Christian Eistrup, Thomas Henning
Summary: The study aims to model the compositional evolution of ices on drifting pebbles in protoplanetary disks and track how their chemical evolution affects the ice composition. Results show that for ice species with initial abundances relative to hydrogen of >10(-5), such as H2O, CO2, CH3OH, and NH3, the abundances change by less than 20% under certain conditions, but for less abundant ice species and longer drift timescales, the changes are larger.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sydney Vach, Samuel N. Quinn, Andrew Vanderburg, Stephen R. Kane, Karen A. Collins, Adam L. Kraus, George Zhou, Amber A. Medina, Richard P. Schwarz, Kevin Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Chris Stockdale, Bob Massey, Olga Suarez, Tristan Guillot, Djamel Mekarnia, Lyu Abe, Georgina Dransfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Abelkrim Agabi, Marco Buttu, Coel Hellier, Elise Furlan, Crystal L. Gnilka, Steve B. Howell, Carl Ziegler, Cesar Briceno, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Alexander Rudat, Knicole D. Colon, Mark E. Rose, Michelle Kunimoto, Maximilian N. Gunther, David Charbonneau, David R. Ciardi, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins
Summary: NASA's TESS mission is able to detect the brightest and rarest types of transiting planetary systems, including young planets. In this study, a young multiplanet system orbiting the bright K4.5V star TOI-712 is discovered, consisting of three transiting mini-Neptunes and an Earth-sized candidate planet.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masanobu Kunitomo, Tristan Guillot, Gael Buldgen
Summary: Solar evolutionary models have difficulty in consistently reproducing spectroscopic, helioseismic, and neutrino constraints, known as the solar modeling problem. However, including a realistic planet formation scenario in the solar evolutionary models can increase core metallicity and improve the accuracy of neutrino flux measurements during the initial stages of the Solar System formation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniele Durante, Tristan Guillot, Luciano Iess, David J. Stevenson, Christopher R. Mankovich, Steve Markham, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi, Marco Zannoni, Luis Gomez Casajus, Giacomo Lari, Marzia Parisi, Dustin R. Buccino, Ryan S. Park, Scott J. Bolton
Summary: The Juno spacecraft has provided new evidence of the gravity field features of Jupiter, which are perturbed by the planet's normal modes. These findings could potentially lead to further exploration of the gas giant's interior structure through measurements of time-variable gravity or onboard observations of normal modes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
K. M. Moore, A. Barik, S. Stanley, D. J. Stevenson, N. Nettelmann, R. Helled, T. Guillot, B. Militzer, S. Bolton
Summary: Understanding the interior structure of Jupiter is crucial for studying planetary accretion models. Recent findings suggest the presence of stable stratification in the form of an upper layer and a potentially stratified dilute core within the planet. However, the equations of state for hydrogen and helium remain uncertain. In this study, high-resolution numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations of Jupiter's magnetic field are used to constrain the extent of stable stratification. The results indicate that an upper stably stratified layer helps explain Jupiter's magnetic field and winds, while an entirely stably stratified dilute core yields worse fits. These findings suggest that alternative modalities may be required if a dilute core is present.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. Korth, D. Gandolfi, J. Subjak, S. Howard, S. Ataiee, K. A. Collins, S. N. Quinn, A. J. Mustill, T. Guillot, N. Lodieu, A. M. S. Smith, M. Esposito, F. Rodler, A. Muresan, L. Abe, S. H. Albrecht, A. Alqasim, K. Barkaoui, P. G. Beck, C. J. Burke, R. P. Butler, D. M. Conti, K. I. Collins, J. D. Crane, F. Dai, H. J. Deeg, P. Evans, S. Grziwa, A. P. Hatzes, T. Hirano, K. Horne, C. X. Huang, J. M. Jenkins, P. Kabath, J. F. Kielkopf, E. Knudstrup, D. W. Latham, J. Livingston, R. Luque, S. Mathur, F. Murgas, H. L. M. Osborne, E. Palle, C. M. Persson, J. E. Rodriguez, M. Rose, P. Rowden, R. P. Schwarz, S. Seager, L. M. Serrano, L. Sha, S. A. Shectman, A. Shporer, G. Srdoc, C. Stockdale, T. -G. Tan, J. K. Teske, V. Van Eylen, A. Vanderburg, R. Vanderspek, S. X. Wang, J. N. Winn
Summary: The TOI-1130 planetary system contains a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c, and an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, both of which have small eccentric orbits in a 2:1 resonant configuration. The masses and radii of these planets have been determined through photodynamical modeling and spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, a linear RV trend suggests the possible presence of an outer massive companion.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Howard, T. Guillot
Summary: This paper proposes a simple method to consider the interactions between hydrogen and helium in the interior and evolution models of giant planets. It is found that non-ideal mixing effects have significant impacts on the interior models of giant planets and the mass-radius relation of exoplanets. The study shows that the density and entropy can vary up to 15% when non-ideal mixing is considered.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Howard, T. Guillot, M. Bazot, Y. Miguel, D. J. Stevenson, E. Galanti, Y. Kaspi, W. B. Hubbard, B. Militzer, R. Helled, N. Nettelmann, B. Idini, S. Bolton
Summary: In this study, the impact of equations of state on the interior models of Jupiter was investigated. The results showed that the equations of state have a crucial effect on the inferred structure and composition of Jupiter. Further research on the behavior of hydrogen-helium mixtures will help constrain the interior and origin of the planet.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
E. Galanti, Y. Kaspi, T. Guillot
Summary: The shape of Jupiter and Saturn is primarily determined by their rotation rate and interior density distribution. Zonal winds also affect their shape, causing an anomaly at low latitudes. However, uncertainties in cloud-level wind and polar radius lead to uncertainties in shape of the same order of magnitude. The Juno and Cassini missions provide more accurate gravity measurements, helping to better constrain the uncertainty in wind structure.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yury S. Aglyamov, Jonathan Lunine, Sushil Atreya, Tristan Guillot, Heidi N. Becker, Steven Levin, Scott J. Bolton
Summary: Lightning on giant planets has been observed at various altitudes, including below the cloud base and above it. Theoretical models suggest different lightning mechanisms for different planets, such as precipitation-induced lightning on Jupiter and high-pressure lightning on Uranus and Neptune. Future observations are needed to understand the nature of lightning on these planets.
PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Melissa J. Hobson, Trifon Trifonov, Thomas Henning, Andres Jordan, Felipe Rojas, Nestor Espinoza, Rafael Brahm, Jan Eberhardt, Matias I. Jones, Djamel Mekarnia, Diana Kossakowski, Martin Schlecker, Marcelo Tala Pinto, Pascal Jose Torres Miranda, Lyu Abe, Khalid Barkaoui, Philippe Bendjoya, Francois Bouchy, Marco Buttu, Ilaria Carleo, Karen A. Collins, Knicole D. Colon, Nicolas Crouzet, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Thomas Gasparetto, Robert F. Goeke, Tristan Guillot, Maximilian N. Guenther, Saburo Howard, Jon M. Jenkins, Judith Korth, David W. Latham, Monika Lendl, Jack J. Lissauer, Christopher R. Mann, Ismael Mireles, George R. Ricker, Sophie Saesen, Richard P. Schwarz, S. Seager, Ramotholo Sefako, Avi Shporer, Chris Stockdale, Olga Suarez, Thiam-Guan Tan, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Solene Ulmer-Moll, Roland Vanderspek, Joshua N. Winn, Bill Wohler, George Zhou
Summary: This paper presents the spectroscopic confirmation and precise mass measurement of the warm giant planet TOI-199 b. The planet was first identified in TESS photometry and confirmed using ground-based and space photometry, as well as radial velocities. It is the first warm exo-Saturn with a precisely determined mass and radius. The analysis of radial velocities and transit timing variations reveals the existence of a second planet in the system.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ananyo Bhattacharya, Cheng Li, Sushil K. Atreya, Paul G. Steffes, Steven M. Levin, Scott J. Bolton, Tristan Guillot, Pranika Gupta, Andrew P. Ingersoll, Jonathan I. Lunine, Glenn S. Orton, Fabiano A. Oyafuso, J. Hunter Waite, Amadeo Bellotti, Michael H. Wong
Summary: An additional source of opacity in the deep atmosphere of Jupiter has been observed, and it cannot be explained by the absorption properties and relative abundances of ammonia and water vapor. It has been found that free electrons from the ionization of alkali metals, specifically sodium and potassium, can provide the missing opacity. If alkali metals are not responsible for the additional opacity in the MWR data, then their metallicity at 1000 bars must be even lower.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. N. Hasler, A. Y. Burdanov, J. de Wit, G. Dransfield, L. Abe, A. Agabi, P. Bendjoya, N. Crouzet, T. Guillot, D. Mekarnia, F. X. Schmider, O. Suarez, A. H. M. J. Triaud
Summary: Small Solar system bodies are valuable records for understanding the formation and evolution of our Solar system. Interstellar objects can provide insights into exoplanetary system formation and planetary system evolution. This study presents the application of a framework to search for small Solar system bodies in data collected by the Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets (ASTEP) project. Known objects ranging from asteroids to comets were identified and future work will extend the pipeline to reach fainter objects.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y. Kaspi, E. Galanti, R. S. Park, K. Duer, N. Gavriel, D. Durante, L. Iess, M. Parisi, D. R. Buccino, T. Guillot, D. J. Stevenson, S. J. Bolton
Summary: The atmospheric dynamics of Jupiter are dominated by strong zonal winds. Gravity measurements are used to determine the depth and structure of the observed winds. The new gravity measurements provide direct evidence that the flows penetrate inwards along the direction of the spin axis, confirming the cylindrical nature of the flow.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Justin M. Wittrock, Peter P. Plavchan, Bryson L. Cale, Thomas Barclay, Mathis R. Ludwig, Richard P. Schwarz, Djamel Mekarnia, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Lyu Abe, Olga Suarez, Tristan Guillot, Dennis M. Conti, Karen A. Collins, Ian A. Waite, John F. Kielkopf, Kevin I. Collins, Stefan Dreizler, Mohammed El Mufti, Dax L. Feliz, Eric Gaidos, Claire S. Geneser, Keith D. Horne, Stephen R. Kane, Patrick J. Lowrance, Eder Martioli, Don J. Radford, Michael A. Reefe, Veronica Roccatagliata, Avi Shporer, Keivan G. Stassun, Christopher Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Angelle M. Tanner, Laura D. Vega
Summary: A candidate planet, AU Mic d, has been identified in the AU Mic planetary system. The planet has multiple potential orbital periods near resonances with AU Mic b and c. It has a similar mass to Earth and, if confirmed, would be the first known Earth-mass planet orbiting a young star.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Burkhard Militzer, William B. Hubbard, Sean Wahl, Jonathan I. Lunine, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi, Yamila Miguel, Tristan Guillot, Kimberly M. Moore, Marzia Parisi, John E. P. Connerney, Ravid Helled, Hao Cao, Christopher Mankovich, David J. Stevenson, Ryan S. Park, Mike Wong, Sushil K. Atreya, John Anderson, Scott J. Bolton
Summary: The Juno spacecraft's measurement of Jupiter's gravity field and its harmonics has provided new insights into the planet's interior structure. The study suggests that the small values of certain harmonics can be explained by assuming the presence of a dilute core of heavy elements distributed throughout the planet, along with a new equation of state and wind profiles.
PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2022)