Review
Cell Biology
Helena Maia Almeida, Amanda Sardeli, Jessica Conway, Niharika Arora Duggal, Claudia Regina Cavaglieri
Summary: The present meta-analysis found no evidence of differences in intestinal microbiota diversity between frail and non-frail older adults. However, the primary studies revealed differences in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla, families, genera, and species between the frail and non-frail groups.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ting Zhang, Jin-ke Cheng, Yao-min Hu
Summary: Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging, has been shown to be closely related to gut microbiota. Strategies such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown potential in ameliorating muscle loss.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrea Ticinesi, Angela Guerra, Antonio Nouvenne, Tiziana Meschi, Stefania Maggi
Summary: Hippuric acid (HA) is a metabolite used in nutritional research to estimate fruit and vegetable intake and proposed as a biomarker of aging. The levels of HA in plasma and urine can be influenced by age-related conditions such as frailty and kidney disease. The study of HA metabolism in older individuals may provide valuable information about the interaction between diet, gut microbiota, frailty, and multimorbidity.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chaoran Liu, Wing-Hoi Cheung, Jie Li, Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow, Jun Yu, Sunny Hei Wong, Margaret Ip, Joseph Jao Yiu Sung, Ronald Man Yeung Wong
Summary: This systematic review analyzed the evidence on the effects of gut microbiota on muscle/sarcopenia, showing that altering the gut microbiota can directly affect muscle phenotypes. Probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, and bacterial products are potential novel therapies to enhance muscle mass and physical performance. The potential mechanisms of microbiome modulating muscle include protein, energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation level, neuromuscular junction, and mitochondrial function.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Huimin Ye, Tarini S. Ghosh, Cara M. Hueston, Klara Vlckova, Anna V. Golubeva, Niall P. Hyland, Paul W. O'Toole
Summary: Human aging is characterized by changes in the gut microbiome, and the loss of beneficial gut species is associated with frailty. This study investigated the effect of transplanting whole microbiomes from frail or healthy elderly subjects into germ-free mice. The researchers found that the composition of the microbiota differed between mice that received a transplant from a frail or healthy donor. Supplementing the frail-donor group with a defined consortium of taxa resulted in increased fecal acetate levels and reduced colon permeability. The study highlights the potential of modulating the gut microbiome in frail elderly individuals using an artificial gut microbe consortium.
Article
Microbiology
Kwang H. Kim, Yusook Chung, Ji-Won Huh, Dong Jin Park, Yejin Cho, Yeseul Oh, Haengdueng Jeong, Jaekyung Yoon, Ju-Hee Kang, Hae-Sol Shin, Hyoung-Chin Kim, Soon-Kyeong Kwon, Kyoung Yul Seo, Seung Hyun Oh, Je Kyung Seong, Sang-Jun Ha, Ki Taek Nam, Jihyun F. Kim
Summary: Transplanting gut microbiota from young mice into aged ones led to increased muscle fiber thickness, grip strength, and enhanced skin water retention ability. The microbial transfer also correlated with improved gene expression and fitness in the host, highlighting the potential rejuvenating effects of young-derived gut microbiota on aging.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yan Guo, Guoqin Zhu, Fengliang Wang, Haoyu Zhang, Xin Chen, Yan Mao, Yifan Lv, Fan Xia, Yi Jin, Guoxian Ding, Jing Yu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms and identify biomarkers of frailty through the analysis of metabolome and gut microbiome. The results showed that frail older adults had increased levels of fatty acids and derivatives, carbohydrates, and monosaccharides in their serum. The abundance of Faecalibacteriu, Roseburia, and Fusicatenibacter decreased while the abundance of Parabacteroides and Bacteroides increased in frailty. The altered microbes and related metabolites could potentially serve as biomarkers for frailty.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Puneeta Tandon, Alberto Zanetto, Salvatore Piano, Julie K. Heimbach, Srinivasan Dasarathy
Summary: Frailty is a decline in functional reserve across multiple physiological systems, with key components being sarcopenia and physical frailty. These conditions are common in liver transplant candidates and have been shown to adversely impact clinical outcomes. The liver frailty index and cross-sectional image analysis of muscle area are used to assess physical frailty and sarcopenia, respectively. Nutritional interventions and physical activity are important management strategies, but there is a need for more large-scale trials. It is also recognized that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address the various components of frailty in transplant candidates.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
YuShuang Xu, XiangJie Liu, XiaoXia Liu, Di Chen, MengMeng Wang, Xin Jiang, ZhiFan Xiong
Summary: Frailty is a significant public health issue affecting the physical health and quality of life of older adults. Chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role in the development of frailty. Changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with frailty and may impact the regulation of chronic inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
B. Sanchez y Sanchez de la Barquera, B. E. Martinez Carrillo, J. F. Aguirre Garrido, R. Martinez Mendez, A. D. Benitez Arciniega, R. Valdes Ramos, A. E. Soto Pina
Summary: The gut microbiota has a significant impact on older adults' health, particularly those with frailty syndrome. Imbalances in the gut microbiota can lead to low-grade systemic inflammation and contribute to the development of frailty. Interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics show promise in improving gut microbiota composition and potentially preventing or improving frailty syndrome.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos, Jose Antonio Carnicero-Carreno, Betty Davies, Francisco Javier Garcia-Garcia, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Leocadio Rodriguez-Manas, Cristina Alonso-Bouzon
Summary: Frailty and sarcopenia are age-associated syndromes that are often linked to functional decline and mortality. This study examined the role of sarcopenia in modulating transitions within frailty status, finding that sarcopenia impacted frailty transitions but did not affect the risk of death associated with frailty.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mikel Izquierdo, Maria Fiatarone Singh
Summary: Exercise and physical activity have significant benefits for older adults with various physical and neuropsychological diseases and disabilities, including those without pharmacological treatments or with risky treatments. However, exercise is underutilized and not fully integrated into geriatric medicine practice. Frailty should not be seen as a barrier to exercise, but rather a reason to prescribe it. Exercise prescription needs to be emphasized in the training of healthcare professionals and seen as a mandatory component in geriatric medicine.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanxia Lu, Wee Shiong Lim, Xia Jin, Ma Schwe Zin Nyunt, Tamas Fulop, Qi Gao, Su Chi Lim, Anis Larbi, Tze Pin Ng
Summary: Dysregulated insulin secretion may play an important role in age-related and diabetes-related sarcopenia.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kedi Guo, Xinghe Wang, Xian Lu, Yuping Yang, Wensi Lu, Shuting Wang, Xihui Tang, Yan Wu, Yuqing Xu, Qingsong Chen, Su Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sarcopenia and frailty on postoperative recovery in elderly patients and explore risk factors. The results showed that sarcopenia and frailty were associated with higher risks of postoperative 90-day morbidity in elderly patients alone and in combination. Sex, body mass index, pre-operative albumin, and operative stress were also independent factors for postoperative morbidity within 90 days.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masroor Anwar, Rashmita Pradhan, Sharmistha Dey, Rahul Kumar
Summary: The population of older individuals is increasing rapidly, but only a small fraction among them is able to experience a healthy life. Aging, due to lack of physical exercise and oxidative stress, leads to sarcopenia and frailty. Sarcopenia, a component of frailty, is defined as age-related degenerative changes in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality. Although the loss of muscle strength and mass seems inevitable during aging, it can be partially prevented or overcome by understanding the underlying pathogenesis. Sirtuin protein has been found to increase longevity in various organisms, including worms and mammals. Physical exercise leads to an increase in the expression of sirtuin protein, which in turn strengthens muscle mass. Satellite cells play a role in muscle repair in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Additionally, SIRT1 improves insulin sensitivity and induces autophagy in aged mice. This paper discusses the potential role of sirtuins in sarcopenia and frailty, highlighting the pathways through which sirtuins can inhibit ROS production, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, offering protection against frailty and sarcopenia. The critical role of sirtuins in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and frailty could eventually lead to the development of novel interventions targeting sirtuins.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Beatrice Arosio, Paolo Dionigi Rossi, Evelyn Ferri, Matteo Cesari, Giovanni Vitale
Summary: Vitamin D levels are significantly associated with cognitive decline, with the lowest levels seen in dementia patients and higher levels in mild cognitive impairment patients.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anna Soldati, Marta Maria Poggi, Domenico Azzolino, Simone Vettoretti, Matteo Cesari
Summary: This study examined the frailty status in older hemodialysis patients and found that frailty was associated with hospitalization and mortality. Frail patients were more likely to be hospitalized and had a higher risk of death.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Riccardo Calvani, Domenico Azzolino, Anna Picca, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi, Matteo Cesari, Emanuele Marzetti
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between protein intake and sarcopenia in older adults. The results indicated that older adults with sarcopenia consumed significantly less protein compared to their peers without sarcopenia. Inadequate protein intake may be associated with sarcopenia in older adults.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Domenico Azzolino, Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro, Alessandra Mazzocchi, Carlo Agostoni, Matteo Cesari
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant threats to healthcare systems globally. Older individuals with chronic comorbidities have been the most severely affected, while children and adolescents often experience mild or asymptomatic forms of the disease. However, certain medical conditions, such as obesity, respiratory, neurological, or immune disorders, can increase the risk of poor health outcomes even in younger age groups. In addition to the direct effects of the infection, the pandemic has presented several health challenges, including increased psycho-social issues. The long-term effects of the pandemic on individuals' functional reserves remain to be seen.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Domenico Azzolino, Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Marco Proietti, Valentina Maria Manzini, Matteo Cesari
Summary: Fatigue is a common symptom that can result from various factors, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and poor nutrition. It is important to understand the mechanisms behind fatigue in order to develop targeted interventions and improve the quality of life for individuals experiencing fatigue. In older adults, inadequate dietary intake can contribute to the development of fatigue by depleting energy reserves and causing muscle breakdown. Research on fatigue is critical to addressing this burdening condition and reducing associated costs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Evelyn Ferri, Paolo D. Rossi, Martina Scichilone, Tiziano A. Lucchi, Beatrice Arosio
Summary: Dysfunctions in liver metabolic activities may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, with attention to sex differences in liver function.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Domenico Azzolino, Riccardo Calvani, Ivan de Oliveira Goncalves, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi, Matteo Cesari, Anna Picca, Emanuele Marzetti
Summary: This study examined the association between lower-limb muscle power and protein-related parameters in older adults. The findings suggest that absolute and allometric muscle power are negatively associated with body weight-adjusted protein intake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luigi Santacroce, Pier Carmine Passarelli, Domenico Azzolino, Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Marica Colella, Skender Topi, Franklin Garcia Godoy, Antonio D'Addona
Summary: The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has highlighted its crucial role in overall human health. The interactions among various microorganisms in the oral cavity, as well as between them and their host, play a significant role in maintaining a harmonious coexistence. However, factors such as diet, poor oral hygiene, smoking, and medication can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to oral and systemic health issues. This article provides an overview of the importance of oral microbiota in mediating physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health, and it discusses strategies involving oral hygiene, diet, and probiotic supplementation.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Philipe de Souto Barreto, M. Cesari, J. E. Morley, E. Gonzalez-Bautista, Y. Rolland, D. Azzolino, B. L. Vellas, R. A. Fielding
Summary: Appetite loss in older people is an important issue in geriatrics, and a gold standard assessment tool is still lacking. Validated assessment tools are available for early identification and care decisions. As research progresses, assessment tools will be used with biomarkers for more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Efforts should be made to develop drugs with a favorable risk/benefit ratio.
JOURNAL OF FRAILTY & AGING
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. Cesari, D. Azzolino, N. K. LeBrasseur, H. Whitson, D. Rooks, S. Sourdet, D. Angioni, R. A. Fielding, B. Vellas, Y. Rolland
Summary: Resilience, an important concept in geriatrics, is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community. Older adults exhibit diverse responses to stressors, partly explained by differences in resilience. The recent ICFSR Task Force meeting discussed the significance of resilience in older adults, emphasizing the identification of low resilience individuals and timely intervention for preventive strategies.
JOURNAL OF FRAILTY & AGING
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alessia Cristiano, Stela Musteata, Sara De Silvestri, Valerio Bellandi, Paolo Ceravolo, Matteo Cesari, Domenico Azzolino, Alberto Sanna, Diana Trojaniello
Summary: The development of smart health technologies aimed at supporting independent living for older populations has gained increasing interest in recent years. This study aimed to design the functionalities of a smart health platform addressing 5 chronic conditions prevalent in older adults and evaluate them with a small group of older adults. 24 older adults and 118 clinicians were interviewed to elicit the requirements, and 8 main functionalities were identified and assessed. The functionalities were appreciated by older participants, but some issues need to be addressed.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. Cesari, R. Bernabei, B. Vellas, R. A. Fielding, D. Rooks, D. Azzolino, J. Mariani, A. A. Oliva, S. Bhasin, Y. Rolland
Summary: Sarcopenia and frailty are burdensome conditions that require both lifestyle interventions and pharmacological agents for treatment. Ongoing trials have shown promising early results for several pharmacological candidates, but no drugs have been approved yet for either frailty or sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF FRAILTY & AGING
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Paolo De Angelis, Giulio Gasparini, Paolo Francesco Manicone, Pier Carmine Passarelli, Domenico Azzolino, Edoardo Rella, Giuseppe De Rosa, Piero Papi, Giorgio Pompa, Silvio De Angelis, Roberta Grassi, Antonio D'Addona
Summary: The application of an improved diet plan can increase the reduction in pocket probing depth (PPD) and full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) after non-surgical periodontal therapy. However, high LDL levels may reduce the improvement in PPD.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Beatrice Arosio, Annalisa Geraci, Evelyn Ferri, Daniela Mari, Matteo Cesari
Summary: The study measured the subclinical frailty of centenarians by calculating a Biological Frailty Index (FI), showing that centenarians have narrower distribution of biological reserves without significant gender differences. The findings suggest that the exceptional biological reserves of centenarians may be underestimated in clinical assessments.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jean-Yves Reginster, Charlotte Beaudart, Nasser Al-Daghri, Bernard Avouac, Juergen Bauer, Nathalie Bere, Olivier Bruyere, Francesca Cerreta, Matteo Cesari, Mario Miguel Rosa, Cyrus Cooper, Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft, Elaine Dennison, Anton Geerinck, Evelien Gielen, Francesco Landi, Andrea Laslop, Stefania Maggi, Maria Concepcin Prieto Yerro, Rene Rizzoli, Hildrun Sundseth, Cornel Sieber, Andrea Trombetti, Bruno Vellas, Nicola Veronese, Marjolein Visser, Mila Vlaskovska, Roger A. Fielding
Summary: This study provides specific recommendations for the design of clinical trials for drugs to prevent or treat sarcopenia. Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind parallel-arm trials are recommended as the design of choice for both phase II and III trials, with participants aged at least 70 years old presenting a combination of low muscle strength and low physical performance. Multiple outcome measures are proposed for different phases of the trials.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)