Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 59, Issue 6, Pages 2411-2425Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02088-0
Keywords
Gut microbiota; Flaxseed oil; Extra virgin olive oil; Antimicrobial peptide; Regulatory T cells
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Funding
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP15km0908001] Funding Source: Medline
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO, Japanese Government) [17100216-0] Funding Source: Medline
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Purpose Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and flaxseed oil (FO) contain a variety of constituents beneficial for chronic inflammation and cardio-metabolic derangement. However, little is known about the impact of EVOO and FO on dysbiosis of gut microbiota, intestinal immunity, and barrier. We, therefore, aimed to assess the impact of EVOO and FO on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, barrier integrity, and metabolic health in mice. Methods C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to a low-fat (LF), lard (HF), high fat-extra virgin olive oil (HF-EVOO), or high fat-flaxseed oil (HF-FO) diet for 10 weeks. Gut microbiota assessment was undertaken using 16S rRNA sequencing. Levels of mRNA for genes involved in intestinal inflammation and barrier maintenance in the intestine and bacterial infiltration in the liver were measured by qPCR. Results HF-EVOO or HF-FO mice showed greater diversity in gut microbiota as well as a lower abundance of the Firmicutes phylum in comparison with HF mice (P < 0.05). The qPCR analyses revealed that mRNA level of FoxP3, a transcription factor, and IL-10, an inducer of regulatory T cells, was significantly elevated in the intestines of mice-fed HF-EVOO in comparison with mice-fed HF (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of the antimicrobial peptide, Reg & x4c0;& x4c0;& x4c0;gamma, was markedly elevated in the intestines of HF-EVOO and HF-FO compared with HF group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest that the consumption of EVOO or FO can beneficially impact gut microbiota, enhance gut immunity, and assist in the preservation of metabolic health in mice.
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