Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chu Wang, Xinhua Yuan, Shanshan Li, Xifeng Zhu
Summary: The study conducted walnut shell pyrolysis liquefaction experiments with torrefaction pretreatment and fractional condensation to enrich phenolic compounds in bio-oil. Significant increment in lignin pyrolytic products was observed after high-temperature torrefaction. Fractional condensation further separated water and small molecular compounds, leading to improved phenolic content in the target bio-oil. Enrichment of detectable phenols from 2.7 wt% to 13.3 wt% was achieved, demonstrating enhanced economic efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rui Diao, Mengchao Sun, Yitao Huang, Xifeng Zhu
Summary: The study found that washing pretreatment of walnut shells can change the distribution of components, reduce ash content, and enhance the ordered arrangement of microcrystals. Although washing pretreatment has a negative impact on biochar yield, co-pyrolysis with bio-oil distillation residue can increase the relative increase rate of biochar yield and optimize elemental distribution (particularly increased carbon content). Furthermore, hydrochloric acid washing and co-pyrolysis both have a positive effect on enhancing the thermal stability and increasing the carbon purity of biochar.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Kangqiang Li, Qi Jiang, Guo Chen, Lei Gao, Jinhui Peng, Quan Chen, Sivasankar Koppala, Mamdouh Omran, Jin Chen
Summary: The study shows that combining biomass pyrolysis with microwave heating technologies is an efficient way to reduce low-grade pyrolusite. The optimal reduction parameters include a reduction temperature of 650 degrees C, a holding time of 30 min, a M-bio/M-ore ratio of 1.8:10, and a microwave power of 1200 W.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaolan Ding, Xiangwei Sang, Zhen Zhao, Huijun Ren
Summary: Sludge dehydration was achieved through the treatment of residual sludge using potassium ferrate and walnut shells. The combined treatment effectively reduced the water content of the sludge and improved its dewatering performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Liu, Yungang Wang, Li Zou, Yanyuan Bai, Haoran Xiu
Summary: This study investigated the thermodynamic parameters and mechanism of carbonization process of walnut shell. The results showed that the optimal carbonization process occurs at a heating rate of 10°C/min with the highest comprehensive characteristic index. The carbonization process of walnut shell is a complex reaction involving the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, and the activation energy of this process gradually increases. The optimal process has a heating time of 14.8 min, final temperature of 324.7°C, holding time of 55.5 min, particle size of material of about 2 mm, and optimum carbonization rate of 69.4%.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shanwei Ma, Hang Li, Guan Zhang, Tahir Iqbal, Kai Li, Qiang Lu
Summary: Nitrogen-doped activated carbon showed higher efficiency in producing alkylphenols compared to traditional activated carbon, with N/WSAC demonstrating the best performance. The production of alkylphenols was significantly increased under the catalysis of N/WSAC, especially phenol, cresol and 4-ethylphenol.
FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiefei Zhu, Zejun Luo, Xifeng Zhu
Summary: Enriching high-value chemicals, especially phenols, through the combination of torrefaction pretreatment and fractional condensation in the pyrolysis loop of agricultural and forestry waste is an efficient way to achieve sustainable development. The study showed that torrefaction and pyrolysis loop negatively impacted pyrolysis efficiency and the yield of liquid products, while the condensation efficiency depended on the combined effects of torrefaction and pyrolysis loop. Phenols tended to be enriched in the second condensation stage, with torrefaction significantly increasing the enrichment of phenols in the liquid products by at least 109.44%.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dongxue Yu, Helong Hui, Guangchao Ding, Ning Dong, Songgeng Li
Summary: The two-step catalytic co-pyrolysis of walnut shell and low-density polyethylene using HZSM-5 catalyst showed significantly higher oil production, reduced gas and solid yields, and increased aromatic compound yield compared to conventional one-step approach. Characterization techniques revealed enhanced synergy between walnut shell and LDPE, with interactions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with LDPE identified. Possible mechanisms explaining the enhanced synergistic effects of the two-step approach were proposed.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Guanshuai Zhang, Shanjian Liu, Dongmei Bi, Zhisen He, Jia Liu, Yinjiao Liu
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment was applied for fast pyrolysis of corn stalks, and it was found that the pretreatment effectively promoted lignin depolymerization and decreased the reaction activation energy. The pretreatment also increased the cellulose content and removed alkali and alkaline earth metals from the biomass. The pH of the hydrogen peroxide solution affected the removal of lignin and ash by the pretreatment, and the composition of bio-oil changed significantly, with a significant increase in the relative content of levoglucosan after pretreatment.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mudasir Akbar Shah, N. S. Khan, Vimal Kumar, Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
Summary: Bio-yields obtained from pyrolysis of different types of walnut shells showed potential for use as fuel, lubricant, and value-added products after modifications.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shumiao Quan, Lei Shi, Bin Zhou, Zhenyu Liu, Qingya Liu
Summary: Biomass pyrolysis by solid heat carrier is efficient in heat transfer, however complicated reactions and transient behaviors make it difficult to understand the relations between operating conditions and actual reactions. This study investigated the impact of temperature and mass ratios on walnut shell pyrolysis and volatiles reaction, showing a significant influence of heat transfer from quartz sand to walnut shell and weak temperature dependence in the oil reaction in quartz sand.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Diao, Chu Wang, Zejun Luo, Xifeng Zhu
Summary: The study investigated the co-pyrolysis of walnut shells and bio-oil distillation residues to produce bio-oils, with analysis of the effect of lyophilization. The results showed that temperature and mass ratios significantly influenced the bio-oil yield and element distribution, leading to increased phenols in the bio-oils.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca N. Nishide, Julianne H. Truong, Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
Summary: Research on utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, such as walnut shell, for renewable carbon sources is rapidly growing. By isolating protected walnut shell lignin using methanol and dilute sulfuric acid with formaldehyde as a protecting group at 170 degrees C, a 64% yield was achieved, showing potential for high value product production.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Rivka Elbaum, Michael Elbaum
Summary: Plant organs originate from tiny meristematic cells and can be categorized into cylindrical, laminar, and spherical shapes. Various microscopy methods are used to study their development, with opaque spherical organs typically studied in sections. Growing cells interdigitate with neighboring cells, leaving gaps lined with pectin at regions of high curvature.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Babalola Aisosa Oni, Samuel Eshorame Sanni, Sunday Olayinka Oyedepo, Anayo Jerome Ibegbu
Summary: The effect of catalytic reforming of volatiles from pyrolysis of walnut shell using an innovative catalyst was investigated in this study. The catalyst weight and temperature were found to be critical factors influencing the tar reforming efficiency. The highest efficiency was achieved with 20 g of the Ni/olivine/La2O3/ZrO2 catalyst at 1100 degrees C. The efficiency remained stable after 4 cycles of regeneration.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
M. Umashankaran, S. Gopalakrishnan
Summary: The suitability of Pongamia pinnata L. bark fiber (PPF) as a polymer reinforcement was identified for the first time in this article. The chemical analysis and characterization revealed its characteristics, including high cellulose content, crystallinity, and low hemicellulose content, indicating its suitability for fabricating eco-friendly bio-composites.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Manish Chandra Kannaujiya, Anuj Kumar Prajapati, Tamal Mandal, Ananta Kumar Das, Monoj Kumar Mondal
Summary: The present study focused on synthesizing brinjal waste activated carbon (BWAC) from the dry woody part of the brinjal plant using a chemical activation method. The BWAC was used as an adsorbent to remove acid yellow 17 (AY-17) from a synthetic solution. The experiment found that the highest removal rate of AY-17 dye by BWAC occurred at pH 3. Langmuir model was the best fit for describing the adsorption process, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model effectively predicted the experimental kinetic data. Recovery and recycling of dye-treated BWAC was possible through 1 M NaOH treatment, and toxicity assessment of the simulated dye solution showed low toxicity after BWAC treatment.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Satyansh Singh, Anuj Kumar Prajapati, Jyoti Prasad Chakraborty, Monoj Kumar Mondal
Summary: This study investigates the performance of biochar obtained from torrefied biomass in the treatment of wastewater containing methylene blue dye. The results show that torrefied biochar has a higher surface area and adsorption capacity compared to raw biochar. The adsorption process is primarily driven by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force of attraction, ion exchange, surface complexation, and pi-pi interaction. Therefore, torrefied biochar has the potential to be used as a novel adsorbent for water treatment.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anuj Kumar Prajapati, Pushkar Verma, Satyansh Singh, Monoj Kumar Mondal
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of adsorbents synthesized from modified great millet husk (GMH) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing Cr(VI). Chemical modification of GMH was done to enhance its surface porosity and heterogeneity. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were compared, and the results showed that the chemically modified adsorbent had higher surface area and more porous structure. The adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the impact of various parameters on the adsorption process, and the results revealed that the adsorbents followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model and Sips isotherm model. The desorption study showed that the adsorbents could be used for multiple cycles with good removal efficiency.
ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shubhi Gupta, Rahul Lanjewar, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis of pine needle biomass using metal loaded spent adsorbent as a catalyst. Results showed that the catalysts had significant deoxygenation potential, leading to higher quality bio-oil with increased carbon content and heating value, as well as enhanced hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. The presence of CO and CO2 indicated deoxygenation reactions during catalytic breakdown, suggesting the potential application of the produced bio-oil as a replacement for petroleum fuel or industrial-grade chemical.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shubhi Gupta, Pushpraj Patel, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The study aimed to assess the pyrolysis potential of pine needles and determined that a combined approach of response surface methodology and artificial neural network techniques showed better capability in modeling the process. The ANN model demonstrated higher R-2 values and lower MSE values, indicating its superiority in predicting process yield compared to RSM modeling. Temperature was identified as the most predominant variable influencing product yield, with optimized conditions predicting maximum bio-oil production.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shubhi Gupta, Pushpraj Patel, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The study found that biochar-based catalysts can reduce the temperature requirement and activation energy of the pyrolysis process, improve the physicochemical characteristics of bio-oil, and increase the production of phenols, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The incorporation of surface acidic functionalities and metallic sites in catalysts can enhance the selectivity of aromatics and aliphatics.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pushpraj Patel, Shubhi Gupta, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The present study investigates the statistical modeling and optimization of process parameters for the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto waste-derived chemically activated biosorbents. The results show that appropriate biosorbents can be used for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diana Cosovanu, Alberto Millan Acosta, Pau Cabaneros Lopez, Krist Gernaey, Qian Li, Rene Lametsch, Ramon Canela-Garayoa, Jordi Eras, Gemma Villorbina
Summary: This study focused on the biotransformation of HMF into DHMF using low-cost protein hydrolysates obtained from meat industry waste residues. The hydrolysis of protein was optimized using two commercial proteases, leading to higher DHMF yield compared to using commercial peptones. The use of these hydrolysates as a nitrogen source improved sporulation of the fungus, resulting in a higher conversion yield.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pushpraj Patel, Shubhi Gupta, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: This study investigated the removal of greywater pollutants using the electrocoagulation treatment process and found that high removal rates were achieved under optimal conditions. Results showed that a combination of response surface methodology and artificial neural network models can effectively optimize the electrocoagulation process parameters.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shubhi Gupta, Pushpraj Patel, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The research evaluated the life cycle analysis and operating cost assessment of catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis. It found that incorporating the utilization of process coproducts and exporting biochar as a coal substitute reduced environmental impacts and operating costs. The study demonstrated the renewability and environmental friendliness of AHNP-catalyzed pyrolytic biofuel over conventional petroleum derived fuels.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pushpraj Patel, Shubhi Gupta, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The need for sustainable greywater treatment technology arises from the growing worldwide population, climate change, and decaying water infrastructure. The adsorption and electrocoagulation processes show potential but also have environmental and economic burdens that require study. This study conducts a life cycle assessment of both processes. The results show that the adsorption system's environmental impact is highly influenced by the adsorbent production stage, while the electrocoagulation process has significantly lower energy requirements and a lower global warming potential. The cost analysis also indicates that the electrocoagulation process is more cost-effective.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shubhi Gupta, Pushpraj Patel, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The current study presents the life cycle analysis (LCA) of a biochar-catalyzed pyrolysis-based biorefinery system. The results show the environmental impact of the process, especially the catalyst and energy sources utilized. The Ni/BC-H3PO4 catalyzed process with noncondensable gases (NCGs) recycling is considered the best case with the lowest environmental emissions and low cumulative energy demand.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shubhi Gupta, Pushpraj Patel, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The present study focuses on the environmental performance and economic analysis of different pyrolysis processes, highlighting the advantages of Ni/Al2O3 catalyzed pyrolysis in terms of efficiency and lower environmental burden. The study also emphasizes the importance of co-product recycling and market export for reducing environmental impacts and achieving cost-effectiveness. The results show that the substitution of petroleum-based fuels with pyrolysis derived bio-oil can significantly reduce environmental burden.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pushpraj Patel, Shubhi Gupta, Prasenjit Mondal
Summary: The study used waste biomass-derived activated carbon to remove COD, BOD, and TDS from greywater samples. The optimal adsorption capacities were observed under different flow rates and bed heights.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
