Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yujia He, Ming Mei, Kai Wei, Xujing Yang, Shuyong Duan, Xu Han
Summary: The study found that changes in stitching pattern and space influence the interlaminar shear performance and damage suppression mechanism of stitched composites. Reduction in stitching space enhances shear performance, while appropriate stitching patterns can increase the final load and suppress damage propagation.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Haifeng Ding, Xiaodong Fu, Qian Sheng, Jian Chen, Chengzeng Yan, Kaiwei Tian, Bo Hu
Summary: Digital image processing and finite-discrete element method are used to establish numerical models to characterize the microstructures of three types of gabbros. The study reveals that micro-cracks in gabbro appear at the boundary between clinopyroxene and plagioclase and propagate continuously along the mineral interface, with the final crack distribution controlled by the spatial distribution of mineral particles. Additionally, the particle size of gabbro has a significant impact on micro-crack propagation and macroscopic mechanical properties.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sean Carey, Sonja Kandel, Christin Farrell, John Kavanagh, TaeBong Chung, William Hamilton, Patrik Rogalla
Summary: A novel thick-slab projection technique for ultra-low dose computed tomography (CT) was compared with conventional chest x ray in 13 diagnostic categories. The study found that the thoracic tomogram was diagnostically superior to CXR for focal lung disease, but the difference was not significant for non-focal lung disease and effusions.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Federica Torrisi, Giovanna Stella, Francesca M. Guarino, Maide Bucolo
Summary: This paper presents a combination of a cell counting algorithm and a velocity algorithm based on a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) method to study the collective behavior of micro-particles in response to hydrodynamic stimuli. A wide experimental campaign was conducted using micro-particles of different natures and diameters, such as living cells and silica beads. The proposed data analysis procedure based on the DPIV-based algorithm and a custom counting algorithm allows for the extrapolation of micro-particles velocities and the obtainment of the instantaneous micro-particles number.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Vitali Koch, Ibrahim Yel, Leon D. Gruenewald, Sebastian Beckers, Iris Burck, Lukas Lenga, Simon S. Martin, Christoph Mader, Julian L. Wichmann, Moritz H. Albrecht, Katrin Eichler, Tatjana Gruber-Rouh, Tommaso D'Angelo, Silvio Mazziotti, Giorgio Ascenti, Thomas J. Vogl, Christian Booz
Summary: The study found that dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) reconstructions demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy and confidence in assessing thoracic disk herniation compared to standard CT.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sebastian Bollmann, Peter Kleinebudde
Summary: The study aimed to prove the transferability of image processing methods and develop an approach to select probable favorable image processing approaches to accelerate the evaluation process. The analysis of previously evaluated data showed the robustness of image processing and led to the development of a predictive rule set, which was successfully applied to new binary mixture images.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Emilia Georgiana Prisacariu, Tudor Prisecaru, Razvan Edmond Nicoara, Jeni Vilag, Valeriu Alexandru Vilag
Summary: Visualization methods, such as Schlieren image velocimetry (SIV), are used to inspect invisible flows, and seedless velocimetry has found applications in various industries. In this study, a micro-thruster generating a turbulent exhaust jet is analyzed using SIV and compared with CFD simulation results to evaluate its performance. By mapping local velocities through a lagrangian tracking method, SIV can determine if the thruster reaches the desired Mach.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Simon Lennartz, Aileen O'Shea, Anushri Parakh, Thorsten Persigehl, Bettina Baessler, Avinash Kambadakone
Summary: The study found low robustness of radiomic features extracted from different DECT scanners in patients, with few robust features and limited reflection in phantom experiments. Future efforts should focus on improving the cross-platform generalizability of DECT-derived radiomics.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alexis Jair Enriquez-Leon, Thiago Delgado de Souza, Francisco Thiago Sacramento Aragao, Delson Braz, Andre Maues Brabo Pereira, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
Summary: X-ray micro-computed tomography is an advanced technique for examining the volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures, with segmentation being a key step for air void quantification. Machine learning and deep learning have recently emerged as promising alternatives to conventional manual threshold selection, offering accurate results albeit at the cost of longer processing times.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhenyu Han, Diyuan Li, Xibing Li
Summary: The inclination angle of coplanar elliptical flaws has a significant impact on the dynamic behavior of sandstone specimens, with higher angles resulting in lower dynamic compressive strength and Young's modulus. Tensile cracks dominate in specimens with inclination angles larger than 45°.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Ville-Pauli Karjalainen, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Phil L. Salmon, Sanna Lipkin
Summary: In this study, high-resolution micro-computed tomography (mu CT) and nanoscale CT imaging were used to examine and identify the internal structures and fiber materials of archaeological textiles. The results showed that mu CT imaging provided a 3D visualization of the woven textiles, revealing the intertwining of warp and weft, while nanoscale CT imaging allowed for the identification of individual fibers in the fabric.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. Szymczak, A. Brodecki, Z. L. Kowalewski, D. Rudnik
Summary: This paper discusses experimental methods for determining the mechanical resistance of components under static loading by analyzing displacement values in a 3D coordinate system. By using a non-contact testing method, the results provide insight into the behavior of components under load and identify the weakest regions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hubert Beaumont, Antoine Iannessi, Jean Michel Cucchi, Anne-Sophie Bertand, Olivier Lucidarme
Summary: The study suggests that there is a linear correlation in intra-scan measurements between different tissues in CT scans, which can help improve tissue characterization and harmonization across different scanning sites.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Veronique Masselot, Veronique Bosc, Hayat Benkhelifa
Summary: X-ray micro-computed tomography and image processing techniques were utilized to analyze the microstructure of fresh frozen sorbets. The addition of sodium iodide enhanced contrast in the images. Maintaining samples at frozen state and constant temperature during imaging allowed for reproducible analysis of ice crystals and air bubbles.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Masami Matsubara, Ryo Takara, Taichi Komatsu, Shogo Furuta, Khoo Pei Loon, Masakazu Kobayashi, Hitomu Mushiaki, Kentaro Uesugi, Shozo Kawamura, Daiki Tajiri
Summary: Observing the internal state during deformation is important for understanding the mechanical properties of polymeric materials like rubber. In this study, an experimental system was developed to simultaneously measure the dynamic mechanical properties and dynamic X-ray computed tomography (CT) of rubber materials. The results showed that the excitation frequency had minimal effect on the deformation amplitude in SBR material, while the excitation amplitude influenced the median value of local strain amplitudes. Comparing different base materials with distinct loss factors, no significant differences were observed in the histograms of local strain amplitudes, although the histograms varied based on formulation conditions.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Veldyanto Tanulia, John Wang, Garth M. Pearce, Alan Baker, Matthew David, B. Gangadhara Prusty
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ampaiphan Atthapreyangkul, Mark Hoffman, Garth Pearce
Summary: Multi-scale finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of geometrical changes on the mechanical properties of cortical bone at different structural scales. The study incorporated statistical approaches and sensitivity analyses, revealing an exponential correlation between mineral volume fraction and effective stiffness constants at each length scale. Fast and slow response relaxation behavior of cortical bone was found to be influenced by bone's structural anisotropy and global mineral volume fraction variations between length scales.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jin Zhang, Min Liu, Garth Pearce, Yuyan Yu, Zhao Sha, Yang Zhou, Anthony C. Y. Yuen, Congyuan Tao, Cyrille Boyer, Feng Huang, Mohammad Islam, Chun H. Wang
Summary: Liquid metal droplets effectively transform elastomers into multifunctional composites with strain hardening and excellent durability, maintaining high electrical conductivity. However, the hybridization with carbon nanofibers affects the distribution of liquid metal droplets in the matrix, leading to enhanced mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xie Li, Jonathan Dufty, Garth M. Pearce
Summary: Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) and Filament Winding (FW) technologies offer flexibility in adjusting composite material performance, but can lead to geometric defects. This paper presents a high-fidelity geometric modelling tool for tow-wise manufactured laminates to accurately predict structural performance, demonstrated through several case studies.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Zhemin Cai, Ameen Topa, P. Luke Djukic, T. Manudha Herath, M. K. Garth Pearce
Summary: This paper discusses simulating liquid sloshing responses through different methods and provides a detailed quantitative comparative study on various numerical methods in terms of RBF. The results show consistency among the converged solutions of different methods under specific conditions, with the ICFD model performing poorly. Additionally, it is found that numerical methods may not accurately predict the maximum absolute RBF of liquid sloshing under specific circumstances, with the overprediction/underprediction of this force depending on various factors.
Article
Mechanics
N. K. Balasubramani, B. Zhang, N. T. Chowdhury, A. Mukkavilli, M. Suter, G. M. Pearce
Summary: This study revisits the definition problem of representative volume elements (RVEs) in combined computational homogenisation-dehomogenisation procedure for estimating critical material allowables of unidirectional fiber reinforced polymer composites. By performing Monte Carlo simulation, the size and shape effects of 3D RVEs were investigated, and appropriately sized RVE models were proposed as 3D statistical volume elements.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Mohammad S. Islam, Larry F. Benninger, Garth Pearce, Chun-Hui Wang
Summary: Adding nanoparticles of nano-silica and nano-cupric oxide in carbon fiber composites at cryogenic temperatures can significantly enhance the mechanical and fracture properties, improving toughness and resistance to matrix cracking.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Xie Li, Sonya A. Brown, Mathew W. Joosten, Garth M. Pearce
Summary: This paper presents an efficient and novel cohesive contact network approach for modelling multiple mesoscale composite failures. The proposed method successfully captures various failure modes, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and fibre rupture, by forming an interconnected cohesive contact network. Numerical studies demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the approach, with excellent agreement with published results.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xie Li, Sonya A. Brown, Mathew W. Joosten, Garth M. Pearce
Summary: This study conducted short beam shear tests to validate the capability of tow-wise modelling (TWM) in predicting the failure mechanisms of AP-Ply laminates, achieving excellent correlation between numerical and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Veldyanto Tanulia, John Wang, Garth M. Pearce, Alan Baker, Paul Chang, Gangadhara Prusty
Summary: The applicability of a damage slow growth management strategy to bonded joints/patch repairs of primary aircraft structures was evaluated through an experimental and computational study. The results showed that the slow growth approach can be feasible for bonded joints/patch repairs when there is a sufficient static strength safety margin and the disbond growth rate is stable within a certain length range.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Sharmila Kayastha, Jayantha Katupitiya, Garth Pearce, Asha Rao
Summary: The paper presents a comparative study on the performance of two different composite controllers to control the post-impact motion of a space robot with flexible arms. The results show that the performance of the control system using the proposed Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with a Linear Quadratic Regulator (NMPC-LQR) is more accurate compared to using Sliding Mode Control with Linear Quadratic Regulator (SMC-LQR) in the absence of uncertainties. However, when uncertainties in the mass and inertia of the system are considered, NMPC-LQR provides a higher level of accuracy compared to SMC-LQR.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ampaiphan Atthapreyangkul, Mark Hoffman, Garth Pearce, Owen Standard
Summary: Three-dimensional multi-scale finite element models were used to investigate the effects of geometrical structure variations on the damage onset in cortical bone. The cohesive zone finite element approach and anisotropic damage initiation criteria were applied to predict the onset of damage. The models considered the initiation of microdamage at multiple length scales, from collagen fibers to osteons and the Haversian canals. The results showed that the yield strain at the initiation of microcracks was independent of variations in the local mineral volume fraction, and the bone strength was positively correlated with mineral content at each length scale.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Zhemin Cai, Manudha T. Herath, Luke P. Djukic, Daniel C. Rodgers, Garth M. K. Pearce
Summary: Transport tanks are designed to move liquids and gas by road, rail, and sea. Longitudinal fluid sloshing, which affects stability and braking performance, can be suppressed by installing transverse baffles in large-compartment tanks.
Article
Optics
Qiheng Yang, Wilfred Fullagar, Mahsa Paziresh, Glenn Myers, Shane Latham, Adrian Sheppard, Andrew Kingston
Summary: This article investigates the measurement of photon energy and proves that the variance and mean of the total photon energy can provide independent information about the photon energy spectrum. The study reveals the application of variance data in X-ray radiography and tomography, the indication of average energy of the photon spectrum using the ratio of variance data and mean data, and the information revealed by the comparison of variance data and mean data. The research demonstrates the recovery of spectral information from common X-ray detectors and shows its potential in beam-hardening correction and quantitative tomographic reconstruction.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Saif ZS. Al Ghafri, Stephanie Munro, Umberto Cardella, Thomas Funke, William Notardonato, J. P. Martin Trusler, Jacob Leachman, Roland Span, Shoji Kamiya, Garth Pearce, Adam Swanger, Elma Dorador Rodriguez, Paul Bajada, Fuyu Jiao, Kun Peng, Arman Siahvashi, Michael L. Johns, Eric F. May
Summary: Hydrogen is an increasingly promising energy carrier in a low-carbon global energy system. Liquid hydrogen is being widely considered for transportation and storage, and it is important to ensure the safety and efficiency of the liquefaction and storage processes for it to be viable. This study provides an overview of the current state of liquid hydrogen technology, including the underlying science and current liquefaction processes, while also discussing the challenges and priorities for next-generation liquid hydrogen technologies and research and development.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Wenwu Zhang, Helezi Zhou, Bin Huang, Huamin Zhou, Xiongqi Peng
Summary: This paper investigates the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA biocomposites in thermoforming. A pull-through friction testing device was developed to characterize the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA prepreg at elevated temperature. The effects of alkali treatment, fiber orientation, normal force, and slipping velocity were studied, and a quantitative definition of tool-ply friction behavior was achieved. The results indicate a strong relationship between tool-ply friction behavior and woven and fiber structures, indicating hydrodynamic lubrication.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Stephen Clay, Wesley Ault, Alex Faupel, Caglar Oskay, Philip Knoth, Noam N. Y. Shemesh, Rami Haj-Ali, Uri Breiman, Ido Meshi, Ofir Shor
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation on the compression failure mechanisms of laminated carbon fiber reinforced composites under non-standard quasi-static loading. The results demonstrate the presence of interior kink bands, surface ply splitting, and delaminations, with each failure mechanism associated with different stress levels.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Bowen Zeng, Jinlong Yang, Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng
Summary: This study successfully improved the pyroelectric properties of PVDF films by preparing functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet (FG-GNP) reinforced PVDF composite films. The increase in the number of layers and the concentration of GNP near the surface of the composite film were found to enhance the pyroelectric properties and temperature stability.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shenghe Zhang, Fukai Chu, Weizhao Hu, Bibo Wang, Richard K. K. Yuen, Yuan Hu
Summary: This study improves the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PBAT by synthesizing a phosphorus-containing intercalator and mixing it into the PBAT matrix.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Tharan Gordon, Michael R. Wisnom, Byung Chul Kim
Summary: Thickness tapering is a common strategy for efficient and lightweight composite structures, but it can introduce delamination sites. This study investigated the use of ply scarfing method to improve the compressive failure stress of tapered laminates made from thick unidirectional non-crimp fabrics. The results showed that ply scarfing suppressed delamination and increased the failure stress by 60%.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xin Wang, Yiting Qu, Junlei Bai, Fujun Xu, Bin Ding, Xiaohua Zhang
Summary: A solution-based strategy is proposed to achieve a strong bond between fibers and matrix in powder materials, resulting in improved mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and fracture strain of the composites. The method also offers advantages such as enhanced powder flowability and thermal stability.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xing Zhou, Guosheng Wang, Dexiang Li, Qi Wang, Keming Zhu, Yaya Hao, Yueyang Xu, Neng Li
Summary: This study successfully synthesized polyurethane elastomer by using degraded products from waste PET, and fabricated composites with carbon nanotubes for strain sensors. The composites showed good mechanical and durability performance, indicating a potential method for recycling waste PET into valuable and functional materials.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Fei Peng, Tingting Shan, Rongrui Chen, Jiulong Shi, Di Liu, Guoqiang Zheng, Chaojun Gao, Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen
Summary: Janus polymer films with distinct surface performance and potential applications were successfully prepared by vacuum-assisted hot-compressing method and spray coating. These films exhibit decent actuation performance and rapid selfpowered sensing property, and can be used for real-time acetone monitoring system.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Biao Cheng, Huafeng Quan, Yuefeng Zhang, Dong Huang, Tongqi Li, Chong Ye, Xingming Zhou, Zhen Fan, Yafang Zhang, Ting Ouyang, Fei Han, Hongbo Liu, Jinshui Liu
Summary: In this study, a binary graphite network was constructed to improve the thermal conductivity and control the formation of micrometer-scale open pores in phase change composites. The developed composites showed a high thermal conductivity and phase change enthalpy, making them promising for thermal control in space optical-mechanical systems and other critical aerospace components.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shihao Zuo, Fei Cheng, Guangming Yang, Jiangzhou Li, Yongjun Deng, Guangjun Gou, Xuejun Cui, Yunsen Hu, Xiaozhi Hu
Summary: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment was used to modify aluminum (Al) alloys in order to improve bond strength with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The treatment successfully created a porous surface with better hardness, roughness, and wetting, and introduced resin pre-coating (RPC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber bridging to improve the bonding interface. The combined treatments significantly increased the bond strength by up to 156.1%, indicating the feasibility of MAO as an alternative method for manufacturing high-performance Al-CFRP composites in industrial production.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
James Kratz, Christophe Paris, Karolina Gaska, Vincent Maes, Ivana Partridge, Philippe Olivier
Summary: Faster heating rates and higher process temperatures can reduce the total process time while achieving the same degree-of-cure. Thermal analysis shows that thermoplastic interleaf particles melt at the recommended curing temperature. A short dwell at a lower temperature can prevent the mixing of thermoplastic particles and thermoset pre-polymer.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Thomas Maierhofer, Evripides G. Loukaides, Craig Carr, Chiara Bisagni, Richard Butler
Summary: Joining thermoset composites via resistance welding provides an efficient method for aerospace structures with benefits such as high-volume manufacturing and simplified surface preparation. The influence of welding parameters on joint performance is assessed using Mode I fracture toughness testing. A Bayesian approach is employed to select high-performance parameters.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jiangan You, Ling Cai, Ronghua Yu, Haiping Xing, Jian Xue, Ying Li, Zhiwei Jiang, Dongmei Cui, Tao Tang
Summary: In response to the global environmental pollution crisis caused by waste plastics, recyclable design is an effective solution. A CPVC/PUA nanocomposite foam was developed using the plasticizing-foaming-reinforcing strategy, combined with catalytic carbonization. The foam exhibited high expansion ratio, robustness, solvent resistance, flame-triggered shape memory effect, and ablation resistance. The foam could be directly upcycled into functional carbon foam with attractive electromagnetic interference shielding performance.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Siyao Chen, Zhiyu Chen, Yangling Ou, Junwei Lyu, Junning Li, Xiangyang Liu, Yang Liu
Summary: In this study, we demonstrated the significant effect of composite interface on temperature increase in electrical heaters. By selectively fluorinating the outer walls of carbon nanotubes and compositing them with cellulose nanofibers, improved interfacial phonon diffusion was achieved, leading to a higher temperature increase rate.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yanjun He, Agnieszka Suliga, Alex Brinkmeyer, Mark Schenk, Ian Hamerton
Summary: A new thermoset resin system based on a polybenzoxazine blend showed good performance under high ATOX irradiation. It reduced erosion yield by forming a silicon-rich surface layer and improved the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
