Article
Infectious Diseases
Emiko Mukai, Wakaba Fukushima, Saeko Morikawa, Keiko Nakata, Satoshi Hiroi, Masashi Fujioka, Tohru Matsushita, Megumi Kubota, Yoshina Yagi, Tetsuhisa Takechi, Yoshio Takasaki, Shizuo Shindo, Yuji Yamashita, Takato Yokoyama, Yumi Kiyomatsu, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Akiko Maeda, Kyoko Kondo, Kazuya Ito, Tetsuo Kase, Satoko Ohfuji, Yoshio Hirota
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between inactivated influenza vaccination and viral load in young children. The results showed no association between inactivated influenza vaccination and viral load at influenza-positive diagnosis. However, influenza subtype/lineage, body temperature, and time elapsed since fever onset were significantly associated with viral load.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yun Lan, Xuemei Ling, Xizi Deng, Yaqing Lin, Junbin Li, Liya Li, Ruiying He, Weiping Cai, Feng Li, Linghua Li, Fengyu Hu
Summary: A study in Guangdong, China found that low-level viral load (LLVL) HIV-1 infections have drug resistance mutations. These mutations are associated with the duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), initial ART regimen, ethnicity, and WHO clinical stages. Therefore, the risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance should be seriously considered for better control.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mazharul Maishan, Aartik Sarma, Lauren F. Chun, Saharai Caldera, Xiaohui Fang, Jason Abbott, Stephanie A. Christenson, Charles R. Langelier, Carolyn S. Calfee, Jeffrey E. Gotts, Michael A. Matthay
Summary: E-cigarette use has been increasing rapidly, but its impact on acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pneumonia is still unclear. Studies on mice have shown that nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols can suppress the immune system, exacerbate inflammation, and impair viral infection clearance, leading to worsened lung injury. These findings have important implications for the regulation of e-cigarette products.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Rena C. Patel, Patrick Oyaro, Katherine K. Thomas, Garoma Wakjira Basha, James Wagude, Irene Mukui, Evelyn Brown, Shukri A. Hassan, Eunice Kinywa, Fredrick Oluoch, Francesca Odhiambo, Boaz Oyaro, Leonard Kingwara, Enericah Karauki, Nashon Yongo, Lindah Otieno, Grace C. John-Stewart, Lisa L. Abuogi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of point-of-care viral load and targeted drug resistance mutation testing on viral suppression among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. The results showed that although the combined strategy significantly reduced turnaround time, it did not increase viral suppression rates, which were already quite high. Further research is needed to optimize sustained viral suppression among this population.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Isaac Tsikhutsu, Margaret Bii, Nicole Dear, Kavitha Ganesan, Alex Kasembeli, Valentine Sing'oei, Kevin Rombosia, Christopher Ochieng, Priyanka Desai, Vanessa Wolfman, Peter Coakley, Elizabeth H. Lee, Patrick W. Hickey, Jeffrey Livezey, Patricia Agaba
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of viral suppression and predictors of viral suppression in children and adolescents living with HIV in Kenya. The study found that 80% of participants achieved viral suppression. Factors associated with viral suppression included longer duration of ART, use of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor-containing regimen, and receiving healthcare at a level 3 facility. On the other hand, missing ART doses, unsuppressed maternal viral load, and fewer adherence counseling referrals were inversely associated with viral suppression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoman Liu, Fengwen Xu, Lili Ren, Fei Zhao, Yu Huang, Liang Wei, Yingying Wang, Conghui Wang, Zhangling Fan, Shan Mei, Jingdong Song, Zhendong Zhao, Shan Cen, Chen Liang, Jianwei Wang, Fei Guo
Summary: MARCH8 acts as an important player in the host anti-influenza virus defense by targeting M2 protein and inhibiting viral replication. The discovery that H1N1 influenza A virus has evolved to resist MARCH8-mediated ubiquitination and degradation sheds light on the inhibitory effects of MARCH8 on virus transmission within the human population.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chinedu Aniekwe, Kendra Cuffe, Israel Audu, Nannim Nalda, Bright Ibezim, Michael Nnakwe, ThankGod Anazodo, Mubarak Dada, Erin Rottinghaus Romano, McPaul Okoye, Monte Martin, Ritu Shrivastava
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of implementing an electronic health information exchange (HIE) on the quality of data for measuring HIV viral load testing turnaround time (TAT) in Nigeria. The findings showed significant improvement in data completeness and validity after the implementation of HIE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matias Moragas, Sandra Gomez, Maria Florencia Fernandez, Marcelo Dario Golemba, Marcela Palladino, Daniela Borgnia, Silvina Ruvinsky, Lidia Fraquelli, Ana Buchovsky, Rosa Bologna, Andrea Mangano
Summary: This report describes the clinical characteristics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed a hyperinflammatory status mimicking MIS-C. The sustained viral load and early development of hyperinflammatory status in an immunocompromised pediatric patient make this clinical case unique. While dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral load have been characterized in adults and immunocompetent hosts, it remains unexplored in pediatrics, especially in immunosuppressed children.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
James W. Antoon, Matt Hall, James A. Feinstein, Kathryn E. Kyler, Samir S. Shah, Sonya Tang Girdwood, Jennifer L. Goldman, Carlos G. Grijalva, Derek J. Williams
Summary: This study investigated the concordance of antiviral treatment in children at high risk for influenza complications and found that 42% did not receive guideline-concordant antiviral treatment. Further research is needed to identify barriers to appropriate antiviral use in this vulnerable population.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rosalie S. Linssen, Anne C. Teirlinck, Michiel van Boven, Dominique Biarent, Luca Stona, Angela Amigoni, Rosanna Comoretto, Stephane Leteurtre, Amelie Bruandet, Gunnar K. Bentsen, Inger Marie Drage, Xin Wang, Harry Campbell, Job B. M. van Woensel, Louis Bont, Reinout A. Bem
Summary: Viral bronchiolitis is a major cause of pediatric intensive care unit admissions. This study examined the trends in bronchiolitis-associated PICU admissions in six European sites between 2000 and 2019. The findings show an increasing burden of bronchiolitis on PICUs, emphasizing the need for international attention and investigation.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian M. Gallardo, Shiyi Wang, Daniel J. Montiel-Garcia, Susan J. Little, Davey M. Smith, Andrew L. Routh, Bruce E. Torbett
Summary: This study overcomes technical challenges in RNA virus sequencing by developing a nanopore-based method to accurately sequence viral genomes from clinical samples. The method can detect rare viral genomes at <1% frequency, facilitating the study of genetic resistance to antiviral therapy and immune pressure.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ashima Pyngottu, Alexandra U. Scherrer, Roger Kouyos, Michael Huber, Hans Hirsch, Matthieu Perreau, Sabine Yerly, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Marcel Stoeckle, Hansjakob Furrer, Pietro Vernazza, Enos Bernasconi, Huldrych F. Guenthard
Summary: This study examined factors associated with treatment failure in HIV patients on InSTI-based regimens, finding that high baseline viral load and AIDS-defining events were linked to failure. CD4 cell counts between 200-500 and >500 cells/μL were protective. Risk factors for treatment failure were similar to those for older treatments.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sjoerd Euser, Sem Aronson, Irene Manders, Steven van Lelyveld, Bjorn Herpers, Jan Sinnige, Jayant Kalpoe, Claudia van Gemeren, Dominic Snijders, Ruud Jansen, Sophie Schuurmans Stekhoven, Marlies van Houten, Ivar Lede, James Cohen Stuart, Fred Slijkerman Megelink, Erik Kapteijns, Jeroen den Boer, Elisabeth Sanders, Alex Wagemakers, Dennis Souverein
Summary: In patients tested by Public Health Services, there is an increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral load with age. Children under 12 years old have lower viral loads compared to adults, and they also show fewer positive test results than other patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gregory Hoy, Guillermina Kuan, Roger Lopez, Nery Sanchez, Brenda Lopez, Sergio Ojeda, Hannah Maier, Mayuri Patel, Steph Wraith, Alyssa Meyers, Lora Campredon, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
Summary: Asymptomatic influenza infection in children is rare and age-dependent, but viral shedding still occurs. Post-influenza sequelae in children in the community setting are rare, and the risk of sequelae depends on virus strain.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Huyen Nguyen, Christian Wandell Thorball, Jacques Fellay, Jurg Boni, Sabine Yerly, Matthieu Perreau, Hans H. Hirsch, Katharina Kusejko, Maria Christine Thurnheer, Manuel Battegay, Matthias Cavassini, Christian R. Kahlert, Enos Bernasconi, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Roger D. Kouyos, Swiss Hiv Cohort Study
Summary: The study identified DRM:HLA pairs where HLA presence is associated with the presence or emergence of the DRM. Results showed that HLA may have an impact on the development of DRMs, indicating that the selective pressure for these mutations alternates direction depending on the presence of these HLA alleles.
Article
Microbiology
Jessica A. Belser, Eric H. Y. Lau, Wendy Barclay, Ian G. Barr, Hualan Chen, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Masato Hatta, Sander Herfst, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Seema S. Lakdawala, Leo Yi Yang Lee, Gabriele Neumann, Malik Peiris, Daniel R. Perez, Charles Russell, Kanta Subbarao, Troy C. Sutton, Richard J. Webby, Huanliang Yang, Hui-Ling Yen
Summary: Assessing the pandemic risk of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses is crucial for public health efforts, and ferret transmission experiments are valuable in predicting human-to-human transmission potential of novel influenza viruses. However, variability in experimental data interpretation exists due to small sample sizes and lack of standardized protocols.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V Caliendo, N. S. Lewis, A. Pohlmann, S. R. Baillie, A. C. Banyard, M. Beer, I. H. Brown, R. A. M. Fouchier, R. D. E. Hansen, T. K. Lameris, A. S. Lang, S. Laurendeau, O. Lung, G. Robertson, H. van der Jeugd, T. N. Alkie, K. Thorup, M. L. van Toor, J. Waldenstrom, C. Yason, T. Kuiken, Y. Berhane
Summary: Recent detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in North America, closely related to the viruses in Europe, raises concerns about further spread across the Americas through wild bird migration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Melanie Rissmann, Danny Noack, Debby van Riel, Katharina S. Schmitz, Rory D. de Vries, Peter van Run, Mart M. Lamers, Corine H. Geurts van Kessel, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Thijs Kuiken, Bart L. Haagmans, Barry Rockx
Summary: This study compared the pathogenicity and viral shedding kinetics of Omicron BA.1 with Delta variant in hamsters. It was found that Omicron BA.1-infected hamsters showed milder clinical signs and pathological changes compared to Delta-infected hamsters, although pneumonia was still observed. Pre-existing immunity reduced viral shedding and protected against pneumonia.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Frederique de Graaf, Marco Huberts, Daphne Groeneveld, Stefan van Nieuwkoop, Casper H. J. van Eijck, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bernadette G. van den Hoogen
Summary: Intravenous injection of NDV F3aa shows oncolytic efficacy in treating PDAC without adverse effects.
Article
Virology
Valentina Caliendo, Lonneke Leijten, Marco W. G. van de Bildt, Marjolein J. Poen, Adinda Kok, Theo Bestebroer, Mathilde Richard, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Thijs Kuiken
Summary: This study showed that ducks infected with a less-virulent HPAIV developed immunity that was protective against a subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
K. Groen, S. van Nieuwkoop, M. M. Lamers, R. A. M. Fouchier, B. G. van den Hoogen
Summary: Understanding the interaction between viruses and the innate immune response is crucial for the design of antiviral therapies. This study investigates the role of G, SH, and M2-2 proteins of HMPV as type I IFN antagonists. The results show that the M2-2 mutant virus induces the production of type I interferon and contains defective interfering RNAs and hypermutated genomes. These findings suggest that the role of the M2-2 protein as an IFN antagonist in HMPV is still unclear.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Michelle Wille, Simeon Lisovski, David Roshier, Marta Ferenczi, Bethany J. J. Hoye, Trent Leen, Simone Warner, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Aeron C. C. Hurt, Edward C. C. Holmes, Marcel Klaassen
Summary: Host susceptibility to LPAIV is influenced by factors such as genetics, ecology, age, and season. This study analyzed data from wild birds in Australia over 11 years and found that host phylogeny is a key driver in determining host range. The study provides insights into the evolutionary ecology of LPAIV in its avian reservoir community and expands our global understanding of LPAIV.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Groen, Stefan van Nieuwkoop, Adam Meijer, Bas van der Veer, Jeroen J. A. van Kampen, Pieter L. Fraaij, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bernadette G. van den Hoogen
Summary: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of human respiratory tract infections. Monitoring virus evolution can contribute to the development of new antiviral treatments or vaccine designs.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Thijs Kuiken, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Marion P. G. Koopmans
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Anja C. M. de Bruin, Monique I. I. Spronken, Theo M. M. Bestebroer, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Mathilde Richard
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) usually evolve from low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) through spillover from wild aquatic birds to poultry. The conversion process involves acquiring a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the viral binding and fusion protein, hemagglutinin (HA), which allows HA to be cleaved and activated by host proteases. HPAIVs cause severe systemic infections and hemorrhagic disease in gallinaceous poultry, while wild aquatic birds generally have milder or asymptomatic infections. This study investigated the role of host proteases, specifically furin, in determining the species-specific pathogenesis and tropism of HPAIVs.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pau Ribo-Molina, Hauke J. Weiss, Balasubramanian Susma, Stefan van Nieuwkoop, Leentje Persoons, Yunan Zheng, Melanie Ruzek, Dirk Daelemans, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Luke A. J. O'Neill, Bernadette G. van den Hoogen
Summary: This study demonstrates that 4-OI inhibits the replication of influenza A viruses by restricting the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins. The inhibitory effect is achieved by deactivating and degrading CRM1, a host cell protein used by the virus during replication. The study also reveals that 4-OI modifies a key cysteine in the cargo binding pocket of CRM1, leading to its inhibitory effect. This mechanism provides insights into the antiviral properties of 4-OI.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel H. Wilks, Barbara Muehlemann, Xiaoying Shen, Sina Tuereli, Eric B. LeGresley, Antonia Netzl, Miguela A. Caniza, Jesus N. Chacaltana-Huarcaya, Victor M. Corman, Xiaoju Daniell, Michael B. Datto, Fatimah S. Dawood, Thomas N. Denny, Christian Drosten, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Patricia J. Garcia, Peter J. Halfmann, Agatha Jassem, Lara M. Jeworowski, Terry C. Jones, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Florian Krammer, Charlene McDanal, Rolando Pajon, Viviana Simon, Melissa S. Stockwell, Haili Tang, Harm van Bakel, Vic Veguilla, Richard Webby, David C. Montefiori, Derek J. Smith
Summary: This study analyzed cross-reactivity patterns among 21 variants and 15 groups of human sera using antigenic cartography. The results showed antigenic differences among different variants and the largest increase in response breadth between 4 weeks and >3 months after a second vaccine dose.
Article
Virology
Anna Z. Mykytyn, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bart L. Haagmans
Summary: This article focuses on the antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the impact of Spike protein substitutions individually and in combination on immune escape.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anna Z. Mykytyn, Melanie Rissmann, Adinda Kok, Miruna E. Rosu, Debby Schipper, Tim Breugem, Petra B. van den Doel, Felicity Chandler, Theo Bestebroer, Maurice de Wit, Martin E. van Royen, Richard Molenkamp, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Rory D. de Vries, Corine GeurtsvanKessel, Derek J. Smith, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Barry Rockx, Mart M. Lamers, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bart L. Haagmans
Summary: The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant, can significantly impact vaccine effectiveness. Researchers used antigenic cartography to assess antigenic differences between different variants, revealing that Omicron variant differs substantially from other variants. The study also showed that Omicron variant can evade vaccine-induced antibody responses due to its distinct antigenic characteristics.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jolianne M. Rijks, Mardik F. Leopold, Susanne Kuehn, Ronald In't Veld, Fred Schenk, Allix Brenninkmeijer, Sander J. Lilipaly, Monika Z. Ballmann, Leon Kelder, Job W. de Jong, Wouter Courtens, Roy Slaterus, Erik Kleyheeg, Sandra Vreman, Marja J. L. Kik, Andrea Groene, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Marc Engelsma, Mart C. M. de Jong, Thijs Kuiken, Nancy Beerens
Summary: This study collected data on the mass mortality of Sandwich terns during the 2022 breeding season in the Netherlands, which was associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b. The report highlights the correlation between carcass removal efforts and survival in colonies, emphasizing the urgent need for structured research to develop mitigation strategies.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)