Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tengfei Wu, Jianfeng Huang, Gen Cheng, Yuwan Pang
Summary: Constructing heterojunction to improve photocatalytic efficiency has been widely explored, and in this work, CdS-based ternary composites were fabricated for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The ternary nanocomposite exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate under visible light irradiation, owing to the synergistic effects of different materials. This research demonstrated the great potential of CdS-based ternary heterostructures for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wenhao Peng, Ningning Song, Zilong Su, Jiajun Wang, Kaixuan Chen, Shuji Li, Bingyan Wei, Shiping Luo, Aijuan Xie
Summary: A series of MoS2 and Mn metal organic frameworks (Mn-MOF) were synthesized, and then mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in different mass ratios to be applied for supercapacitors. The best electrochemical performance was achieved when the mass ratio of MoS2:Mn-MOF:MWCNT was 1:4:1.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yilin Wang, Qiming Liu, Yirui Liu, Lyu Shuying
Summary: SnS2 is a potential anode material for SIBs due to its high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, and non-toxic properties. However, its low Na+ diffusion kinetics and large volume expansion hinder its further development. By synthesizing heterostructured MoS2/SnS2/NC nanospheres, which combine the stability of MoS2 and the capacity of SnS2, a high specific capacity of 603 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 and excellent rate performance of 750 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 are achieved. Furthermore, the full battery of MoS2/SnS2/NC= |Na3V2(PO4)3 exhibits a great capacity of 69.8 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, indicating the extraordinary anode material for SIBs.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
N. Khorasanipour, P. Iranmanesh, S. Saeednia, Sh. Tabatabai Yazdi
Summary: A novel ZnS/MoS2/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized. The nanocomposite showed increased photocatalytic efficiency compared to the binary one, thanks to reduced electron-hole recombination and band gap energy. It also demonstrated stable recycling performances due to its magnetic properties.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shima Shahi, Samira Saeednia, Parvaneh Iranmanesh, Mehdi Hatefi Ardakani
Summary: In this study, copper sulfide and zinc sulfide nanostructures were synthesized using a solvo/hydrothermal method and a thio Schiff base ligand. The effects of different synthesis parameters on the morphology of the products were investigated, and the structural aspects and optical properties of the samples were characterized using various analytical techniques. The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized sulfides was explored by studying the color removal of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guan-Chi Lee, Lian-Ming Lyu, Kai-Yuan Hsiao, Yu-Sheng Huang, Tsong-Pyng Perng, Ming-Yen Lu, Lih-Juann Chen
Summary: This study applied a piezo-potential to ZnO/ZnS/MoS2 heterostructures to enhance the separation of photoexcited electrons and holes, resulting in increased production of H2. The heterostructures were synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis, and the H2 production varied with the different mixing ratios of ZnO and MoS2. When a piezopotential was introduced through ultrasonication during the photocatalytic reaction, the rate of H2 production significantly increased due to band tilting and improved charge transfer.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Liu, Ya Zhang, Shigenori Matsushima, Takeharu Sugiyama, Hajime Hojo, Hisahiro Einaga
Summary: Cu-doped ZnS catalysts show high activity in hydrogen production from water under visible-light irradiation, with the highest activity observed at 7% Cu doping.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqi Pan, Panhong Wang, Zhanfen Chen, Qi Yu, Peipei Wang, Mei Zhu, Weijie Zhao, Jingjing Wang, Yingying Zheng, Chaorong Li
Summary: The Pt-free 1T/2H-MoS2/CdS/MnOx hollow core-shell nanocomposites exhibit enhanced HER performance and overall water splitting performance, mainly due to the well HER/OER synergy and formation of hollow core-shell structure.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haritham Khan, Suhee Kang, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Summary: One-dimensional nickel titanate nanofibers were loaded with acetic acid-treated exfoliated and sintered graphitic carbon nitride sheets to fabricate a unique heterogeneous structure, resulting in a hybrid photocatalyst with significantly enhanced activity for methylene blue removal and hydrogen evolution. The synergistic interaction between the holey AAs-gC(3)N(4) nanosheets and NiTiO3 NFs extended the lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to superior photocatalytic performance compared to pristine NiTiO3 NFs and bulk gC(3)N(4). The hybrid sample also exhibited reduced recombination losses, indicating precise tunable operating windows and enhanced charge separation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiqiang Li, Wei Zhou, Yuan Tang, Xin Tan, Yizhong Zhang, Zikang Geng, Yuchen Guo, Lequan Liu, Tao Yu, Jinhua Ye
Summary: By using 1T-WS2 as a cocatalyst, a 1T-WS2/Zn0.5Cd0.5S composite with high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency was successfully constructed in this study. The synergistic effect between 1T-WS2 and Zn0.5Cd0.5S promotes the electron transfer and separation, resulting in enhanced hydrogen evolution rate and external quantum efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Zhao, Kuan Chang, Qingqing Gu, Bing Yang, Jing Xu, Ying Zhang, Chengsi Pan, Zhenlin Wang, Yang Lou, Yongfa Zhu
Summary: Layered two-dimensional MoS2 exhibits excellent activity and selectivity for heterogeneous selective hydrogenation. The strategy of constructing edge-confined active centers with specific phase composition opens an approach to developing highly efficient catalysts.
Article
Physics, Applied
Naoki Okamoto, Naohiro Matsuda, Takeyasu Saito
Summary: Cu-doped ZnS was synthesized as a new photocatalyst material by electrodeposition. Different electrolytic baths containing metal ions and various complexing agents were used for synthesis. It was found that ZnS could be successfully synthesized from all electrolytic baths tested except that using malonic acid as a complexing agent. However, metallic Zn was also observed in the ZnS deposits, leading to a decrease in the band gap energy.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haijiao Lu, Julie Tournet, Kamran Dastafkan, Yun Liu, Yun Hau Ng, Siva Krishna Karuturi, Chuan Zhao, Zongyou Yin
Summary: Global energy and environmental crises have led to a growing interest in the development of renewable chemical fuels as alternatives to fossil fuels. Multicomponent nanomaterial-based systems with at least one component in the nanoscale have emerged as promising solutions to overcome the limitations of single-component systems. These higher-efficiency systems have the potential to reduce costs and improve sustainability in energy conversion technologies.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jing Xu, Yu Sun, Jia-min Zeng, Fu-chun Zhang, Wei-bin Zhang
Summary: In this paper, noble metal-adsorbed MoSi2N4 (NMs-MSN) was investigated for its electronic and optical properties, gas sensor behavior, and photocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) removal applications. The results show that the adsorption of noble metals decreases the band gaps of MoSi2N4, especially Pd-MoSi2N4. The optical property calculations indicate an increase in light absorption range and coefficient for NMs-MSN. Gas sensor behavior investigation suggests that different noble metal-adsorbed MoSi2N4 are suitable for sensing specific gas molecules. The photocatalytic removal of NO is most effective using Pd-MSN due to its inhibition of desorption of toxic product NO2 and enhancement of nitrate ion production.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangpeng Gao, Huiqing Yin, Cheng Guo, Boting Yan, Mingyang Li, Lili Xin, Zhaoyang Wu
Summary: A novel composite material (T-CS/ZnS) was prepared by blending thiourea modified chitosan with zinc sulfide nanoparticles, which effectively removed methyl orange, rhodamine B, and methylene blue dyes. The synthesized composite had an irregular and rough surface, providing a high specific surface area for adsorption, and displayed strong optical response and low bandgap width for subsequent photocatalytic degradation. Under optimized conditions, the removal rates of the dyes were high. Amino and hydroxyl groups played a role in the photocatalytic reactions, and the material showed good stability and regeneration potential. This study demonstrates the high efficiency of T-CS/ZnS composite for dyeing wastewater treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. Vazquez-Bautista, E. Ramirez-Meneses, A. Manzo-Robledo, G. Zacahua-Tlacuatl, L. Lartundo-Rojas, J. Acosta-Jara, L. L. Pedraza-Segura, M. Luna-Trujillo
Summary: In this study, nanostructured palladium electrocatalysts stabilized with different compounds were successfully synthesized and exhibited high activity in electrochemical denitrification. Various characterization techniques revealed the presence of metallic palladium and other PdyOx species well distributed on the carbon support, promoting different interfacial redox processes.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
L. P. A. Guerrero-Ortega, E. Ramirez-Meneses, I Betancourt, L. Lartundo-Rojas, R. Mendoza-Cruz, A. M. Torres-Huerta, M. A. Dominguez-Crespo
Summary: In this study, different long-chain primary alkylamines were used to stabilize Ni-NiO nanoparticles, and it was found that the chain length affected the microstructural and magnetic properties. The surface composition and particle size were also influenced by the primary alkylamines.
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Pina-Perez, J. E. Samaniego-Benitez, F. Tzompantzi, L. Lartundo-Rojas, A. Garcia-Garcia, A. Mantilla, G. Romero-Ortiz
Summary: Bimetallic ZnAl and trimetallic ZnCuAl hydrotalcites were synthesized and characterized. The addition of Cu resulted in changes in the electronic structure and band gap of the materials. The ZnCuAl hydrotalcite showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 production compared to ZnAl, as well as the commercial TiO2 reference photocatalyst.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Alejandra Huitron Segovia, D. Torres-Torres, A. Garcia-Garcia
Summary: Three-layer graphene oxide sheets rich in epoxy and hydroxyl groups were obtained by oxidation and chemical exfoliation and analyzed by free-standing indentations. This work compares the wrinkled surface behavior before and after loading and the relation with the adhesion effect. The mechano-chemical effects between the tip and graphene oxide during free-standing indentation were found to significantly decrease with increasing tip radius. The morphological and chemical characteristics of the sample were determined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marcela Herrera-Dominguez, Koun Lim, Iris Aguilar-Hernandez, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, Shelley D. Minteer, Nancy Ornelas-Soto, Raul Garcia-Morales
Summary: A bioelectrode using immobilized enzyme on carbon paper electrode modified with MoS2 was developed for the detection of acetaminophen. The best detection was achieved with a concentration of 1 mg/mL of MoS2. The laccase enzyme LacII showed the best biosensing efficiency with an LOD of 0.2 mu M and a sensitivity of 0.108 mu A/mu M cm(2) in the buffer matrix.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Enrique Samaniego-Benitez, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, S. Ivette Rivera-Manrique, Jeannete Ramirez-Aparicio
Summary: MWCNT/Zeolite composite was prepared by growing multiwalled carbon nanotubes on natural zeolite chabazite using CVD. The structural and morphological properties were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. The composite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under sunlight irradiation, with a dye discoloration rate of 98% in 210 min.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Edgar Leonardo Castellanos-Leal, Angel Osuna-Zatarain, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia
Summary: This paper discusses the trend of using two-dimensional materials in tribology. Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and graphene oxide, have shown improved lubricant performance by reducing wear through the formation of protective layers on metal surfaces. The morphology and chemical nature of these materials influence their dispersion in the lubricant medium and affect the overall performance in different applications. The paper also highlights the benefits of combining two or more two-dimensional materials to achieve not only superlubricity but also enhanced corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at contact interfaces.
Article
Electrochemistry
Samuel Pina, Pamela Sepulveda, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, Alejandra Moreno-Barcenas, Carla Toledo-Neira, Ricardo Salazar-Gonzalez
Summary: A novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of low concentration levels of Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Bisphenol-S (BPS) in wastewater and surface water. The sensor utilized a modified glassy carbon electrode with hybrid iron nanoparticles and a nanostructure of graphene oxide, resulting in a stable heterostructure with efficient electronic transfer and impressive electro-catalytic capacity. The method was optimized using a chemometric tool and demonstrated a linear range and detection limits. Comparisons with HPLC-DAD technique validated the electrochemical method's success in simultaneous detection and quantification of BPA and BPS in wastewater and surface water.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wemerson D. C. Santos, Mayara M. Teixeira, Ingrid R. Campos, Roberto B. de Lima, Angeles Mantilla, Josy A. Osajima, Alan S. de Menezes, Danilo Manzani, Alex Rojas, Ana C. S. Alcantara
Summary: This study synthesized ZIF-8 in the presence of sodalite zeolite, resulting in the formation of heterostructured ZIF-8/SOD. Thermal treatment allowed the formation of the ZnO/SOD heterostructure with improved photocatalytic properties. Various physicochemical techniques confirmed the formation of ZIF-8 and ZnO in sodalite, and the heterostructures showed excellent performance in the degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotic drug.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hector Daniel Ibarra-Prieto, Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, Faustino Aguilera-Granja, Diana Carolina Navarro-Ibarra, Ignacio Rivero-Espejel
Summary: In this study, nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots were synthesized using a novel microwave-assisted method. The optimal synthesis conditions were determined through comprehensive parameter modulation. Characterization revealed that these carbon dots had a spherical morphology, specific optical properties, and functional groups. This nanomaterial holds great potential for various applications.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanet Pina-Perez, Enrique Samaniego-Benitez, Jhon Harrison Sierra-Uribe, Federico Gonzalez, Francisco Tzompantzi, Luis Lartundo-Rojas, Angeles Mantilla
Summary: This study demonstrates the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of ZnS-ZnO composites with different compositions of ZnS-c, ZnS-h, and ZnO phases for H2 production. The solvothermal method was used to partially sulfide ZnO at different temperatures (150°C, 200°C, and 250°C) using mono ethylene glycol and thiourea as solvent and sulfur source, respectively. The material characterization involved X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and photoelectrochemical techniques. The highest photoactive material was synthesized at 200°C, showing an H2 production rate of 580 µmol h-1 g-1, attributed to the optimized interfacial properties between ZnS-c/ZnS-h and ZnO in the coupled photocatalytic system.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanet Pina-Perez, Enrique Samaniego-Benitez, Jhon Harrison Sierra-Uribe, Federico Gonzalez, Francisco Tzompantzi, Luis Lartundo-Rojas, Angeles Mantilla
Summary: Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are a class of novel materials that combine functional organic components and inorganic building blocks. This study demonstrates the importance of using ethylenediamine in sulfided materials for photocatalytic processes in H-2 production. The addition of ethylenediamine increases the photocatalytic efficiency up to eight times compared to the photocatalyst without the organic agent. Ethylenediamine plays a dual role by stabilizing the cubic phase of zinc sulfide and acting as a promoter for charge transfer on the surface of the ZnS/ZnO heterojunction.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lisa Ramisch, Sebastian Pfaff, Sabrina M. Gericke, Edvin Lundgren, Johan Zetterberg
Summary: We present a combination of optical operando techniques that allow simultaneous measurement of adsorbed species on catalyst surfaces, monitoring of surface oxide formation, and imaging of the gas phase above the catalyst surface. The experimental setup was validated by studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at different pressures, revealing the effects of pressure on the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Paniagua, Gabriel Morales, Juan A. Melero, Daniel Garcia-Salgado
Summary: The influence of common impurities in levulinic acid on the catalytic performance of different acid catalysts for bio-jet fuel production was studied. It was found that furfural had the greatest detrimental effect on catalyst performance, while propyl-sulfonic acid-modified SBA-15 and sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-70 showed good regeneration ability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jesus Tapiador, Pedro Leo, Guillermo Calleja, Gisela Orcajo
Summary: This study presents a new MOF material, Zn-URJC-13, with acid and basic sites, permanent porosity, and high affinity to CO2 molecules. The Zn-URJC-13 catalyst exhibits efficient performance in CO2 cycloaddition reactions and can be reused multiple times.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Zhao, Vita A. Kondratenko, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Shanlei Han, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Uwe Rodemerck, David Linke, Evgenii V. Kondratenko
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of cheap and commercially available Zr or Ti-based supports and ZnO to serve as active and selective catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytically active species formed in situ under PDH conditions consist of isolated ZnOx. ZnOx on the surface of LaZrOx shows the highest rate of propene formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hanbyeol Kim, Jung Rae Kim, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Jungho Jae
Summary: In this study, metal phosphates were used as catalysts for biomass conversion to produce sustainable aromatics through DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. The effects of synthesis method, activation method, and P/Ti molar ratio on the structure and acid properties of titanium phosphate catalysts were systematically studied. The mesoporous titanium phosphate catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 12 h followed by ethanol refluxing at 60℃ for 24 h at a molar P/Ti ratio of 1 showed the highest surface area and acid site density.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasin Khani, Sumin Pyo, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: A protonated form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (H-ZSM-5) catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using different sources of silica. The effect of loading the catalyst with yttrium, samarium, and gadolinium on the acidic properties was investigated. Among the metal-loaded catalysts, the Sm/LHZ catalyst showed the best performance in the methanol to propylene conversion due to its high amount of weak and intermediate acid sites, while the Gd-LHZ catalyst increased the selectivity towards ethane and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Michael Franc, Ivana Cisarova, Jan Vesely
Summary: The present study investigates an enantioselective cyclization of enals with imidazolone derivatives catalyzed by a combination of achiral Pd(0) complex and chiral secondary amine. Corresponding spirocyclic imidazolones were produced in high yields with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. The developed co-operative catalytic methodology provides a highly substituted spirocyclic scaffold with four stereogenic centers under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mauro Alvarez, Jennifer Cueto, David P. Serrano, Pablo Marin, Salvador Ordonez
Summary: This study focuses on improving the formulation and preparation methods of catalysts for the production of dimethyl carbonate. By using suitable catalyst preparation methods and copper salt precursors, the researchers successfully produced catalysts with optimal performance for dimethyl carbonate formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claudia J. Keijzer, Luc C. J. Smulders, Dennie Wezendonk, Jan Willem de Rijk, Petra E. de Jongh
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic behavior of alpha-alumina supported silver catalysts in the presence of chloride. It is found that the particle size of silver can affect the selectivity of the catalyst, but different strategies lead to different results. In this size range, the selectivity of ethylene oxide is correlated to the Ag : Al2O3 surface ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takeshi Aihara, Wataru Aoki, Michikazu Hara, Keigo Kamata
Summary: The development of acid-base bifunctional catalysts is important for promoting specific chemical transformations. In this study, Ti-based perovskite oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for two C-C bond-forming reactions (cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation). The highly pure SrTiO3 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area exhibited the highest catalytic performance, and could be easily recovered and reused.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olga Gorlova, Petra Pribylova, Eliska Vyskocilova, Katerina Peroutkova, Jan Kohout, Iva Paterova
Summary: This study investigates the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of beta-cyclocitral using tin-modified mixed oxides as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions and the effects of various factors on the reaction course and selectivity were determined. The results show that tin-modified mixed oxides exhibit high activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. I. Avila, M. M. Alonso-Doncel, L. Briones, G. Gomez-Pozuelo, J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, A. Peral, J. A. Botas
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin using ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts showed significant improvements in bio-oil quality and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrico Catizzone, Giorgia Ferrarelli, Paolo Bruno, Girolamo Giordano, Massimo Migliori
Summary: The acid-catalysed alcohol conversion reaction is a promising route for de-fossilization strategies. Research on pure alcohol conversion and simultaneous dehydration of mixed alcohols have shown different product compositions, with the type and distribution of acid sites affecting the reaction mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alireza Ranjbari, Juho Kim, Jihee Yu, Jiyun Kim, Mireu Park, Nayoung Kim, Kristof Demeestere, Philippe M. Heynderickx
Summary: This study investigated a novel kinetic model for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using commercial ZnO and reduced ZnO photocatalysts. The results provided new insights into the interaction of catalysts with molecules of different charges and compared with a previous study on methylene blue. The presence of oxygen vacancies in ZnO and their effects on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were analyzed, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of reduced ZnO was found to increase significantly.
