Predicting transgenic markers of a neuron by electrophysiological properties using machine learning

The task of classifying and identifying neurons, the essential components of the nervous system, has been undertaken in a variety of ways. The transcriptomic approach has become more accessible with the development of genetic engineering techniques. Considering the information processing function of the brain, however, it is necessary to consider the physiological characteristics of neurons. Recently, the Allen Institute for Brain Science has published the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons which were tagged with a transgenic reporter. We used these electrophysiological features to predict the transgenic markers of neurons. Using linear regression, random forest, and an artificial neural network, we assessed the performance of supervised machine learning models by comparing the prediction accuracy or the confusion matrix. As a result, in the binary classification problem of classifying excitatory and inhibitory neurons, the accuracy was 90% or more regardless of the model. The models showed better performance than merely distinguishing neurons by suprathreshold features such as the ratio of upstrokes and downstrokes of a single spike (rho). However, when excitatory neurons were classified, the accuracy was 28(similar to)47%, and the accuracy of classifying inhibitory neurons was 59(similar to)73%. The present study was based on the results of electrophysiological experiments to determine whether transgenic markers of neurons could be predicted. Future research is needed to acquire electrophysiological data and transcriptomic data simultaneously on the single cell level to reveal the correlation between the gene expression and the physiological function of a neuron in building the neural network.