Determining keystone species complexes and macroscopic properties for improving ecosystem-based conservation practices in coral reefs along the western Caribbean Sea (Mexico and Honduras)

Coral ecosystems have been subjected to disturbances caused by humans that threaten their health and alter their structure and functioning. Trophic models were constructed in three coral reef ecosystems along the western Caribbean Sea (Mexico and Honduras) to evaluate the structure, organization, health, and species and functional groups that play keystone roles in these ecosystems. The quantification of the macroscopic properties showed that Media Luna Reef (Honduras) is a more mature, developed, organized, and healthy ecosystem but, in turn, is less resistant to perturbations. The outcomes showed that the ecological systems with reduced human disturbances were more mature and healthy. Likewise, the keystone species complexes contributed considerably to the maturity, development, and health of such coral ecosystems. Several exploited species were integrated into the keystone species complexes, which also would increase resistance against perturbations. These findings suggest that current fisheries management strategies could be improved within a network context to achieve the sustainable usage of resources and to include management programmes to conserve the current conditions of Media Luna Reef.