Article
Energy & Fuels
Dandan Hu, Xi Zeng, Fang Wang, Mohammed Haruna Adamu, Guangwen Xu
Summary: In this study, the isothermal reaction characteristics of tar catalytic reforming by char and thermal cracking by quartz sand were comprehensively analyzed using a micro fluidized bed reactor analyzer (MFBRA). The catalytic cracking showed higher yield and lower activation energy compared to thermal cracking, impacting both tar conversion and gas generation pathways positively.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dandan Hu, Xi Zeng, Fang Wang, Yanbing Cui, Qi Zhou, Guangwen Xu
Summary: A newly-developed micro fluidized bed reaction analyser (MFBRA) was used to study the effects of char's inherent CaO on tar catalytic cracking. The presence of CaO significantly enhanced the tar conversion process, producing more effective gas components even at low temperatures. The activation energy of various gas products decreased, indicating the good catalytic activity of CaO in char.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jong-Woo Kim, Yong-Seong Jeong, Joo-Sik Kim
Summary: This study investigated the two-stage air gasification of wood pellets using active carbon as a catalyst. The results showed that smooth gasification could be achieved at around 600 degrees C, producing a producer gas with a similar gas quality to high-temperature gasification. Active carbon demonstrated excellent performance in removing tar and increasing H2 production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qian Liu, Jianguo Sun, Zhuhui Meng, Wenqi Zhong
Summary: Managing municipal solid waste and providing sustainable energy are global challenges. This study investigates the gasification of refuse derived fuels and explores the factors affecting the quality of syngas. The results show that optimal gasification efficiency and higher heat value of syngas can be achieved at specific temperature and oxygen concentration. Enriching oxygen and adding water vapor can significantly improve the quality of syngas. Catalytic reforming also enhances hydrogen production and tar removal. These findings contribute to optimizing the fluidized bed gasification process for refuse derived fuels.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xi Zeng, Limin Wang, Fang Wang, Dandan Hu, Peng Wu, Xiaoyong Lai
Summary: This study investigated the reaction characteristics of tar thermal cracking and steam reforming using a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA). The yields of gas components and carbon conversion were calculated and compared at different temperatures and steam partial pressures. The results showed that by raising temperature and steam partial pressure, the yields of H2/CO/CH4 and carbon conversion increased, while the trend of CO2 was initially increasing and subsequently decreasing. The reaction time in tar steam reforming was longer compared to thermal cracking, and there was a reduction in all reaction rates of gas generation and carbon conversion. Additionally, the activated energy of gas components generation and total carbon conversion decreased in tar steam reforming, and steam partial pressure had no impact on the activated energy.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weijian Song, Chaoyang Deng, Shuai Guo, Zhen Chai, Zhiping Zhu
Summary: The catalytic conversion of tar at different temperatures in a laboratory-scale circulating fluidized bed was investigated to support the removal of tar. As the temperature increased, the efficiency of tar conversion was improved, with changes in the transformation characteristics of organic compounds in the used tar. However, the conversion of naphthalene did not show significant changes, indicating a selectivity of the char catalyst at tested temperatures.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chao Wang, Lianfeng Zhu, Mengjuan Zhang, Zhennan Han, Xin Jia, Dingrong Bai, Wenli Duo, Xiaotao Bi, Abuliti Abudula, Guoqing Guan, Guangwen Xu
Summary: This study tested a two-stage circulated fluidized bed process for producing low-tar fuel gas from pine chips. The results confirmed the feasibility of low-tar biomass fuel production.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Jie Ren, Jing-Pei Cao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Yi-Ling Liu
Summary: In recent decades, the focus of research has shifted towards producing value-added chemicals from biomass through gasification into syngas for further conversion into various products. Heterogeneous catalyst design plays a crucial role in reducing tar formation during biomass gasification, with char and char-supported catalysts emerging as effective alternatives due to their chemical inertness, cost-effectiveness, and excellent pore structures. The modification and functionalization of char through doping and metal addition show potential for enhancing the activity of these catalysts in tar reforming, highlighting the importance of sustainable fuel development and green practices.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Pang, Yingjuan Shao, Wenqi Zhong, Hao Liu
Summary: Pressurized oxy-coal combustion has potential for high efficiency and low cost CO2 capture. Increased pressure and oxygen concentration reduce burnout time of char particles and improve their reactivity and temperature. A combustion model shows pressure's impact on char burnout time.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shanhui Zhao, Yunliang Zhang
Summary: In this study, the heterogeneous decomposition and steam/CO2 reforming of gasification tar over bio-char were investigated using experimental and density functional theory (DFT) approaches. The results showed that bio-char significantly enhanced the decomposition of toluene. Steam/CO2 reforming improved toluene decomposition efficiency by maintaining the activity of bio-char. DFT calculations revealed the mechanisms and energy barriers involved in the reactions, providing insights into the role of bio-char.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Naresh Hanchate, Sudha Ramani, C. S. Mathpati, Vishwanath H. Dalvi
Summary: Biomass gasification is a widely explored research area for synthetic gas production. Dual fluidized bed gasifiers are a recent technology capable of producing medium heating value syngas.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuan Jiang, Peijie Zong, Yuan Bao, Xin Zhang, Haixin Wei, Bin Tian, Yuanyu Tian, Yingyun Qiao, Juntao Zhang
Summary: The study investigates the impact of catalyst height and temperature on the catalytic cracking of gaseous tar, showing that the utilization of catalyst promotes tar removal and reduces tar yield. The main components of coal tar are aromatics and high-carbon-number aliphatics, and the addition of catalyst increases the content of CH4 and H-2. Increasing catalyst height and temperature enhances aromatics content and facilitates the conversion of high-carbon-number components to low-carbon-number ones.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yen-Hau Chen, Ashak Mahmud Parvez, Max Schmid, Guenter Scheffknecht
Summary: This study evaluated the spontaneous gasification and catalytic activity of wood char in simulated sorption enhanced gasification environments, investigating the impact of hydrogen on tar-reforming performance. The results showed that spontaneous gasification during tar surrogates reforming led to the catalytic deactivation of wood char. By considering gasification-caused deactivation, the carbon conversion was used as a variable to modify the kinetic equations of the tar surrogates reforming.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yang Gao, Huaqing Xie, Zhenyu Yu, Mengxin Qin, Zhenguo Wu, Panlei Wang, Xi Zhao, Shiyi Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a two-stage process combining biomass pyrolysis and CO2 catalytic reforming to prepare high-calorific value syngas rich in H2 and CO, while reducing the by-product tar of biomass gasification. The effects of reforming temperature and CO2/C ratio on the gas yield and calorific value of biomass were investigated, and the system energy consumption was analyzed. Under the conditions of a reforming temperature of 900°C and a CO2/C ratio of 1, high-calorific value syngas with a value of 2.75 MJ/kg, and maximum yields of H2 and CO of 0.46 Nm(3)/kg and 0.28 Nm(3)/kg were obtained. The total energy consumption of the system was 0.68 MJ/kg, slightly higher than 0, and without the need for excessive external heat.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Patrik Elbl, Marek Balas, Martin Lisy, Hana Lisa
Summary: The gasification process of sewage sludge and digestate was investigated in a pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier. These by-products are commonly used as fertilizers, but their usage is restricted due to the presence of heavy metals, pathogens, and bacteria. Gasification of these by-products proved to be more efficient as the produced syngas can be used for combined heat and power generation. Analysis of the syngas and tar revealed that the gasification process can be operated at 750 degrees C without ash slagging, and steam addition improved the tar reduction.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jie Zhang, Wenli Li, Dandan Hu, Tofik Ahmed Shifa, Shuaichao Chen, Guangwen Xu, Yanbin Cui
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mengjuan Zhang, Chao Wang, Kangjun Wang, Zhennan Han, Suleiman Sabo Bello, Guoqing Guan, Abuliti Abudula, Guangwen Xu
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Zhennan Han, Junrong Yue, Sulong Geng, Dandan Hu, Xuejing Liu, Sabo Bello Suleiman, Yanbin Cui, Dingrong Bai, Guangwen Xu
Summary: Gas-solid micro fluidized beds exhibit unique characteristics and operating conditions, with various flow regimes discussed based on superficial gas velocity ratios. The study proposes a quantitative criterion to distinguish micro and macro fluidized beds, and develops correlations for different flow regimes in micro fluidized beds. Generalized fluidization maps applicable to micro fluidized beds are also proposed based on the developed correlations, identifying uncertainties and contradictories in reported data for guiding future studies.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuejing Liu, Wenqian Hao, Kexin Wang, Yingche Wang, Ping An, Hong Zhang, Junrong Yue, Dingrong Bai, Guangwen Xu
Summary: This study proposed an isotope-tagging method to investigate reactions under the atmosphere of product gas, and found that the presence of CO2 increases the apparent activation energy. In contrast to the thermogravimetric analyzer, the micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer is able to more accurately acquire the real kinetics of reactions.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Suleiman Sabo Bello, Chao Wang, Mengjuan Zhang, He Gao, Zhennan Han, Lei Shi, Fabing Su, Guangwen Xu
Summary: The future of fuel supply will involve the utilization of heavy crude oils, which require initial hydrotreatment for conversion into qualified fuel oils or synthetic crude. The removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from heavy crude oils is a critical and challenging part of the upgrading process. However, the mechanisms of these reactions are not fully understood, requiring further research for innovative solutions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sulong Geng, Zhanguo Zhang, Junjie Li, Jianguo Qian, Jiao Liu, Jian Yu, Guangwen Xu
Summary: Catalyst samples for CH4 decomposition were prepared from red mud using an acid-leaching neutralization precipitation approach. The removal of residual Na2O significantly improved the activity of the catalyst samples. The remaining Na2O not only inhibited the activation of the catalysts in CH4, but also reduced their maximal activities for CH4 decomposition. Additionally, Na dispersed on iron oxides in the catalyst samples derived from red mud greatly inhibited the activation of CH4 decomposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luqman Abdullahi Sani, Chao Wang, Mengjuan Zhang, Haolong Bai, Ping An, Zhennan Han, Lei Shi, Kangjun Wang, Dingrong Bai, Guangwen Xu, Fabing Su, Zhanguo Zhang
Summary: Introducing Yb modification in the preparation of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts promotes the dispersion of reducible NiO on Al2O3 and leads to the creation of new Yb-involved CO2 chemisorption sites. The Yb-modified Ni/Al2O3 catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activities and stability than the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts without Yb.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xin Jia, Haiyang Lu, Yu Hui, Yuhui Zhang, Zhennan Han, Chao Wang, Xingfei Song, Guangwen Xu
Summary: Pyrolysis of Xiaolongtan lignite with and without CaSO4-containing coal ash premixed was conducted to investigate the impact of CaSO4 on ash during pyrolysis. The presence of CaSO4-rich coal ash significantly increased the yields of CO2, pyrolysis gas, and water, while decreasing the H2 yield above 750 degrees C. Ash analysis revealed that CaSO4 mainly transformed into CaS at these temperatures, while other ash components such as Fe2O3 remained relatively unchanged. Testing the reactions between simulated pyrolytic gas and coal ash further confirmed similar decreases in H2 and CO and increases in CO2 and water, indicating that the mechanism involved the transformation of CaSO4 into CaS. Additionally, studying the reactions between char and ash showed that carbon was oxidized by CaSO4 to form CO2.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yunsheng Gao, Zhentao Zhao, Yuxin Wang, Zhigang Zhang, Zizhen Yan, Guangwen Xu, Haiming Yu, Lei Shi
Summary: A strong basicity immobilized ionic liquid catalyst (PS-IMC4IM) was constructed to solve the difficulties of product separation and recycling in homogeneous catalysts. Various characterizations were conducted to evaluate the structure and active components of the catalyst. PS-IMC4IM displayed admirable catalytic performance in the transesterification reaction and showed excellent catalytic ability and stability.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuhui Zhang, Xin Jia, Dengguo Lai, Zhennan Han, Xingfei Song, Chao Wang, Guangwen Xu
Summary: The impact of CO2 on the pyrolysis characteristics in reactor with internals was studied by conducting pyrolysis experiments of Yulin coal under N2 (inert) and CO2 (active) atmospheres in fixed-bed reactors for two types of pyrolysis, with and without internals. It was found that CO2 exhibited different effects on tar yield for the two types of pyrolysis, raising tar yield for pyrolysis in reactor without internals but lowering tar yield for that with internals. The tar yield under CO2 atmosphere with internals was 6.31 wt%, which was still 15.97% higher than that without internals at 1000 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Junrong Yue, Qingyue Xiao, Dawei Zhao, Yu Guan, Jiao Liu, Guangwen Xu
Summary: It is generally agreed upon that oxidative coupling of methane is structure-sensitive over La2O3 catalysts, and nanorod morphology, particularly La-PVP catalyst, exhibits the highest activity and selectivity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenkun Xia, Jiajian Gao, Tengfei Zhang, Kangjun Wang, Fushan Chen, Guangwen Xu, Ziyi Zhong, Fabing Su
Summary: Inorganicsilicon compounds or products, such as silicon oxides(SiO2), metallurgical silicon (m-Si), silicon carbide (SiC),silicon halides (such as SiH n Cl4-n , n = 0-4 or SiX n , X = F, n = 2; X = Br, n = 4), silicon hydrides (SiH4 and Si2H6), nitrogen compounds (Si3N4),and the others (Si2Cl6 and Si2OCl6), have been remarkably developed in the past years. Understanding the thermodynamics of these reactions is crucial for optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst development. This study comprehensively investigates the thermodynamics of silicon-related reactions and provides valuable insights for industrial applications.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhentao Zhao, Mingyu Liu, Yuxin Wang, Zizhen Yan, Guangwen Xu, Jianjun Guo, Lei Shi
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method to immobilize 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole imidazolium ([Emim]Im) ionic liquids onto silica to synthesize solid catalysts. The research shows that [Emim]Im@SG-A12 exhibits the best catalytic performance with 49.0% DMC conversion and 39.0% EMC yield. The study also reveals that [Emim]Im efficiently promotes the hydrolysis of TEOS and enhances the transesterification of DMC with EtOH.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Wenli Li, Guangwen Xu, Yanbin Cui
Summary: This study successfully prepared a carbon fiber cloth electrode with a graphitic outer layer and hierarchical porosity, exhibiting excellent capacitance performance. Coupled with MnO2/carbon cloth and Zn foil, an asymmetric supercapacitor with enhanced energy density and a novel hybrid Zn-ion supercapacitor with long cycling life were assembled.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhaohui Chen, Yong Tian, Dengguo Lai, Jin-hui Zhan, Zhennan Han, Guangwen Xu, Shiqiu Gao
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.