Article
Hematology
Arif Yurdagul
Summary: Most acute cardiovascular events are caused by plaque rupture. Plaques containing large necrotic cores and thin fibrous caps are more prone to rupture, while plaques with small necrotic cores and thick fibrous caps are more protected. Understanding the cellular crosstalk and tissue microenvironment within atherosclerotic plaques is crucial for determining plaque stability and finding novel approaches to transform rupture-prone plaques into stable lesions.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinbo Zhang, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Binod Aryal, Alberto Canfran-Duque, Emily L. Goldberg, Elisa Araldi, Wen Ding, Yuhua Fan, Bonne M. Thompson, Abhishek K. Singh, Qian Li, George Tellides, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Rolando Garcia Milian, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Elina Ikonen, Yajaira Suarez, Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
Summary: Desmosterol, the most abundant cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate in human coronary artery lesions, plays an essential role during atherogenesis by integrating with macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory activation to dampen inflammation and protect from disease progression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita Del Giudice, Mikaela Lindvall, Oktawia Nilsson, Daria Maria Monti, Jens O. Lagerstedt
Summary: ApoA-I amyloidosis is a rare disease where misfolded ApoA-I protein accumulates in various organs, causing organ failure. The factors leading to tissue damage and the mechanisms behind organ specificity are mostly unknown. In this study, the impact of ApoA-I variants on cell physiology and tissue specificity was investigated. The variants showed cytotoxic effects in a time and cell-type-specific manner, possibly due to protein accumulation in lysosomes. The variants also exhibited preferential binding to extracellular matrix components, reflecting their tissue accumulation pattern in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jana Moeckel, Julia Brangsch, Carolin Reimann, Jan O. Kaufmann, Ingolf Sack, Dilyana B. Mangarova, Avan Kader, Matthias Taupitz, Lisa C. Adams, Sarah Keller, Antje Ludwig, Bernd Hamm, Rene M. Botnar, Marcus R. Makowski
Summary: The study investigated the feasibility of using MRI probes to simultaneously assess ECM-associated intraplaque albumin deposits and inflammation in atherosclerosis, revealing significant correlations between MRI signals and plaque characteristics. Multi-target MRI combining different probes shows promise in improving diagnosis and treatment monitoring in atherosclerosis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Minwoo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Yerim Kim, Soo Hyun Park, Sang-Hwa Lee, Chulho Kim, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Jae-Jun Lee, Mi Sun Oh
Summary: The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in the acute stage of stroke independently predicts the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) at 3-6 months after stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Specifically, a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is associated with dysfunction in the frontal domain.
Article
Hematology
Yanni Xu, Chang Liu, Xiaowan Han, Xiaojian Jia, Yongzhen Li, Chao Liu, Ni Li, Lunming Liu, Peng Liu, Xinhai Jiang, Weizhi Wang, Xiao Wang, Yining Li, Mingzhu Chen, Jinque Luo, Xuan Zuo, Jiangxue Han, Li Wang, Yu Du, Yang Xu, Jian-Dong Jiang, Bin Hong, Shuyi Si
Summary: The study introduces a new small molecule, E17241, that may be used to treat atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport via upregulating ABCA1. E17241 shows promising potential as a drug candidate for atherosclerosis treatment.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Malgorzata Wygrecka, Ioannis Alexopoulos, Daniel P. Potaczek, Liliana Schaefer
Summary: ApoA-I plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport and also possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative functions. Dysfunctional apoA-I or its low abundance can lead to the formation of foam cells in alveolar macrophages. Increased numbers of foam cells have been observed in the lungs of mice exposed to certain substances and in patients with lung fibrosis. Understanding the role of apoA-I in lung fibrosis provides potential avenues for therapeutic development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Jing Liu, Baiba K. Gillard, Dedipya Yelamanchili, Antonio M. Gotto, Corina Rosales, Henry J. Pownall
Summary: Mice lacking the HDL receptor Scarb1 exhibit increased bioavailability of FC in HDL, leading to elevated FC content in multiple tissue sites associated with female infertility, impaired cell maturation, cardiac dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Sex-dependent differences in tissue-lipid composition and plasma FC clearance rates were also observed. Higher HDL-FC bioavailability may serve as a potential biomarker mechanistically linked to various pathologies.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keuri E. Rodrigues, Aline Azevedo, Pricila R. Goncalves, Maria H. B. Pontes, Gustavo M. Alves, Ruan R. Oliveira, Cristine B. Amarante, Joao P. M. Issa, Raquel F. Gerlach, Alejandro F. Prado
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of doxycycline on aortic remodeling, MMP activity, and ROS levels in ApoE(- forward slash -)/OVX mice. The results showed that doxycycline reduced ROS and MMP-2 activity and expression, leading to a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Shin Young Yun, John Hoon Rim, Hyein Kang, Sang-Guk Lee, Jong-Baeck Lim
Summary: This study compared the effects of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The results showed that ApoB was the highest risk factor for ASCVD, followed by non-HDL-C and LDL-C. Measuring ApoB concentrations can provide useful information for evaluating ASCVD risk, even in individuals with normal LDL-C levels and ASCVD risk factors.
ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin F. Majdalawieh, Aaram E. Eltayeb, Imad A. Abu-Yousef, Sarah M. Yousef
Summary: Sesamol, a compound found in sesame seeds and sesame oil, has been shown to have lipid-lowering and anti-atherogenic properties. It affects serum lipid levels by influencing fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, as well as cholesterol metabolism. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the hypolipidemic effects of sesamol, exploring its impact on serum lipid profiles and the molecular mechanisms involved. It highlights its ability to inhibit fatty acid synthesis, stimulate fatty acid oxidation, enhance cholesterol metabolism, and modulate macrophage cholesterol efflux.
Review
Cell Biology
Xiao-Dan Xia, Adekunle Alabi, Maggie Wang, Hong-Mei Gu, Rui Zhe Yang, Gui-Qing Wang, Da-Wei Zhang
Summary: Lipids play essential roles in physiological functions, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to various human diseases. The regulation of lipid metabolism involves multiple mechanisms at different levels to maintain homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chunhui Jiang, Ashwani Kumar, Ze Yu, Tracey Shipman, Yong Wang, Renee M. McKay, Chao Xing, Lu Q. Le
Summary: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common tumor-predisposing genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign neurofibromas. This study explored the mechanism of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during neurofibroma development and treatment response. The researchers found that basement membrane (BM) proteins, rather than major collagen isoforms, were upregulated in the ECM during plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) development. They also identified TGF-β1 signaling as a key regulator of ECM dynamics and demonstrated that TGF-β1 overexpression promoted pNF progression. The findings suggest that BM proteins could serve as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment response of NF1.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ping Jin, Dengfeng Gao, Guangzhi Cong, Ru Yan, Shaobin Jia
Summary: The study revealed that PCSK9 plays a crucial role in Hcy-induced lipid accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions, with inhibiting PCSK9 potentially having anti-atherosclerotic effects in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Frederick R. R. Maxfield, Noah Steinfeld, Cheng-I J. Ma
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The early development of atherosclerotic lesions involves the accumulation of lipoprotein-associated lipids and their interaction with macrophages. Macrophages in early plaques engage with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), ingesting large amounts of cholesterol, which is then stored in lipid droplets. Hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters occurs extracellularly, leading to the formation of unesterified (free) cholesterol. High concentrations of cholesterol can also result in the formation of cholesterol hydrate crystals, observed in atherosclerotic blood vessels. Understanding this process may lead to novel therapies for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)