Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Frederic Sansoz, Xing Ke
Summary: The breakdown of grain-size strengthening to softening mechanisms in nanocrystalline alloys, particularly with regards to grain-boundary solute segregation, has been investigated through large-scale simulations. Three concentration-dependent regimes of plasticity were identified, including classical segregation strengthening, shear band-induced softening, and a previously unknown plateau of maximum strengths for intermediate solute contents. The findings highlight the complex roles of solute segregation and interfacial plasticity mechanisms in nanocrystalline alloys.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yu Gamin, Jairo Alberto Munoz Bolanos, A. S. Aleschenko, A. A. Komissarov, N. S. Bunits, D. A. Nikolaev, A. Fomin, V. V. Cheverikin
Summary: The semi-finished products from a Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy are produced for electrical purposes through radial-shear rolling (RSR) and heat treatment, resulting in improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The alloy is thermally hardened after heat treatment due to the precipitation of fine inclusions uniformly distributed in the sample volume, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qianzhi Wang, Mingling Zhou, Xuxin Jin, Fei Zhou, Zhifeng Zhou
Summary: The co-incorporation of Ni and Cu at specific ratios (11.01% and 3.41% respectively) has been shown to significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of CrBN coatings, with CuO acting as a lubricating layer. However, excessive Cu content can lead to a sharp decline in hardness and weaken the wear resistance of the coatings. Therefore, Ni (11.01%) and Cu (3.41%) is the proper co-incorporation combination for enhancing the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abbas Mohammadi, Nariman A. Enikeev, Maxim Yu Murashkin, Makoto Arita, Kaveh Edalati
Summary: The study achieved nanograin sizes in an Al-La-Ce alloy through ultra-SPD followed by aging, and identified two breaks in the Hall-Petch relationship. Detailed analysis confirmed that nanograin formation alone is not sufficient for extra hardening, and additional strategies such as grain-boundary segregation and precipitation are necessary to address the issue of softening.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. H. Duan, Y. Naunheim, C. A. Schuh, Y. Li
Summary: The study investigates the hardness and deformation behavior of body centered cubic Mo(O) alloys with grain sizes ranging from 120 to 4 nm, highlighting a peak hardness at 11 nm and a transition towards glass-like deformation behaviors as grain size decreases.
Article
Crystallography
Shivam Dangwal, Kaveh Edalati, Ruslan Z. Z. Valiev, Terence G. G. Langdon
Summary: Strengthening and softening mechanisms in ultrafine-grained materials have been debated for many years. This study examines the Hall-Petch relationship in ultrafine-grained magnesium, aluminum, copper, and iron. The results show that while the materials follow the Hall-Petch relationship initially, an up-break occurs for grain sizes below 500-1000 nm. This is due to enhanced dislocation contribution. However, a down-break occurs for grain sizes smaller than 70-150 nm due to diminished dislocation contribution and increased thermally-activated phenomena. The study also finds that strategies other than grain refinement, such as microstructural stabilization by segregation or precipitation, are necessary to achieve extra strengthening.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Binbin Yue, Wenhao Dai, Xiaoliang Zhang, Hengzhong Zhang, Wei Zhong, Baochang Liu, Saori Kawaguchi, Fang Hong
Summary: High-entropy oxides have attracted considerable attention due to their unconventional structural characteristics and versatile functional properties. In this study, the mechanical strength and deformation behavior of a typical high-entropy oxide under extreme compression were investigated using synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction. The compound initially showed a large elastic anisotropy, but became isotropic at around 21.4 GPa. The results suggest a dominant slip system transition in this high-entropy oxide. This work deepens our understanding of the role of chemical disorder in the mechanical properties of entropy-stabilized oxides, which is crucial for the design of advanced structural ceramics with optimal strength-to-ductility ratio.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xin-Bo Ni, Zhuang-Zhuang Liu, Ke-Song Miao, Jin-Feng Leng, Guo-Hua Fan, Xin-Ying Teng, Hao Wu
Summary: A multilayered Ti-Al composite was fabricated and the orientation evolution and deformed substructure upon tension were characterized using in situ electron backscatter diffraction. A remarkably inhomogeneous deformation mode was observed within the interior of Ti grains, with the plastic flow becoming more difficult closer to the grain boundary or Ti/Al interfaces. This phenomenon is attributed to the synergetic constraint of phase interface and grain boundary. The present study thus provides a new strategy for tailoring the deformation behavior of metallic materials for performance optimization.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chunfeng Du, Yipeng Gao, Yizhen Li, Min Zha, Peng Chen, Yunhe Sheng, Heng-Nan Liang, Hui-Yuan Wang
Summary: Crystalline defects such as dislocations, disclinations, and grain boundaries play a crucial role in determining the mechanical and functional properties of metallic materials. This study proposes a Lie-algebra-based method to quantify the rotational properties of disclinations and introduces a convenient way to determine disclination density distribution from Electron Backscatter Diffraction data. Through quasiin-situ Electron Backscatter Diffraction characterizations, three major formation mechanisms of disclinations have been identified in deformed polycrystalline Mg alloys, which can be treated as topological reactions among various types of defects. This work not only suggests a new mathematical tool to investigate the interactions and reactions among multiple types of crystalline defects but also provides a new insight to understand the deformation behaviors of metals and alloys based on dislocation/disclination theory.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. Haug, D. Molodov, P. Gumbsch, C. Greiner
Summary: Tribological loading induces microstructural changes in metals through dislocation-mediated plastic deformation. Crystal lattice rotations play an important role in friction and wear at the sliding interface, and are influenced by sliding direction and grain orientation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuang Zhang, Fei Wang, Ping Huang
Summary: The study demonstrates that embedding graphene into nanocrystalline Cu can enhance the mechanical properties of materials, delay softening, and increase the Hall-Petch slope, which is crucial for overcoming strength limitations.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pin-Wei Huang, Zih-You Wu, Yin-Ku Lee, Chen-Sung Chao, Su-Yueh Tsai, Shou-Yi Chang, Jenq-Gong Duh
Summary: A survey on the reaction between Cu-18Ni-18Zn substrate and Sn-3.5Ag solder during different reflow times was conducted. The traditional scallop-type Cu6Sn5 in Cu/Sn/Cu system was replaced by layer-type (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Zn)5, and Cu3Sn disappeared while granule-type Cu5(Sn,Zn)8 was revealed. The addition of zinc-rich layer distinctly suppressed the growth of IMCs, and the volume fraction of IMCs increased significantly after it collapsed due to prolonged reflow time. The Cu-18Ni-18Zn/Sn-3.5Ag/Cu-18Ni-18Zn system showed higher shear strength compared to Cu/Sn-3.5Ag/Cu system, with an increase of approximately 32% with 150 seconds reflow process and about 111% with 300 seconds reflow process. In conclusion, the Cu-18Ni-18Zn/Sn-3.5Ag/Cu-18Ni-18Zn system is a favorable option for advanced electronic packaging in the near future.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Monika Antoni, Florian Spieckermann, Niklas Plutta, Christoph Gammer, Marlene Kapp, Parthiban Ramasamy, Christian Polak, Reinhard Pippan, Michael J. J. Zehetbauer, Juergen Eckert
Summary: The effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) by means of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on Fe73.9Cu1Nb3Si15.5B6.6 and Fe81.2Co4Si0.5B9.5P4Cu0.8 iron-based metallic glasses were compared. HPT processing extended the consolidation and deformation ranges for Fe73.9Cu1Nb3Si15.5B6.6, and achieved consolidation and deformation with minimum cracks for Fe81.2Co4Si0.5B9.5P4Cu0.8 for the first time. Various analyses revealed that Fe81.2Co4Si0.5B9.5P4Cu0.8 exhibited HPT-induced crystallization phenomena, while Fe73.9Cu1Nb3Si15.5B6.6 did not crystallize even at high HPT-deformation degrees.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Hu, Tao Fu, Chuanying Li, Shayuan Weng, Yinbo Zhao, Xiang Chen, Xianghe Peng
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline Cu samples under different grain sizes and grain boundary characteristics. The results show that the modification of grain boundaries significantly enhances the maximum strength of the material and reduces the critical grain size for the transition from the Hall-Petch to inverse Hall-Petch relationship. The grain size effects on the flow stress are qualitatively analyzed, and a model combining grain boundaries and intracrystalline coherent twin boundaries is proposed to quantitatively describe the grain size effect.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matheus M. Brito, Raul A. Artisiani, Ivani A. Carlos
Summary: The electrodeposition of Ni-Cu and Ni-Cu-P films on steel electrodes was controlled by activation at lower current densities and diffusion limitations at higher current densities. Hydrogen evolution reaction was more intense over Ni-Cu-P films, leading to lower efficiency compared to Ni-Cu films. The composition and morphology of the films varied depending on the deposition control and efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Afrouz Hassanpour, Mayur Vaidya, Sergiy Divinski, Gerhard Wilde
Summary: The impact of different thermo-mechanical treatments on shear band diffusion in a model bulk metallic glass was investigated. It was found that HPT processing and cold rolling can enhance diffusion rates, while cryogenic thermo-cycling further increases shear band diffusion speed.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gerhard Wilde
Summary: As materials systems continue to decrease in size, size-dependent behavior becomes increasingly important. Recent research results help evaluate the relative importance of kinetics and different thermodynamic contributions, and delve into the impact of interfacial structure on melting transformation.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harald Roesner, Christian Kuebel, Stefan Ostendorp, Gerhard Wilde
Summary: This study investigates the plastic deformation of metallic glasses through the formation of shear bands. It is found that the observed contrast of shear bands is related to thickness reduction rather than density changes, which may affect the interpretation of shear band properties. The observation of a spearhead-like shear front suggests a mechanism for shear band initiation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingfeng Zhang, Christian Gadelmeier, Sandipan Sen, Rui Wang, Xi Zhang, Yu Zhong, Uwe Glatzel, Blazej Grabowski, Gerhard Wilde, Sergiy Divinski
Summary: Single phase HfTiZrNbTa and HfTiZrNbV refractory high entropy alloys were synthesized and characterized. For the first time, tracer diffusion was measured using Zr-89 radioactive isotope in BCC refractory high entropy alloys, showing a "non-sluggish" diffusion behavior and discussing factors influencing self-diffusion in BCC multi-principal element alloys.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zongde Kou, Tao Feng, Si Lan, Song Tang, Lixia Yang, Yanqing Yang, Gerhard Wilde
Summary: Through in situ tensile experiments, it was found that dislocations can be transported by twin lamella via periodic twinning and detwinning, revealing a novel evolution route of dislocations through dislocation-twin interaction.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
O. A. Lukianova, V. Kulitckii, Z. Rao, Z. Li, G. Wilde, S. V. Divinski
Summary: This study measured the tracer diffusion of substitutional components in high-entropy alloys with interstitial carbon addition. Two distinct effects of carbon addition on substitutional diffusion were identified. At low concentrations, carbon alloying retards diffusion, while at higher concentrations, it enhances the diffusion of all substitutional elements. A model was proposed to explain the influence of lattice distortion caused by interstitial carbon on self-diffusion.
Article
Physics, Applied
Mark Stringe, Harald Roesner, Gerhard Wilde
Summary: By performing heat treatments on Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass samples, the structure can be reset, the volume fraction of medium-range order can be reduced, and the strain can be increased.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shangshu Wu, Zongde Kou, Qingquan Lai, Si Lan, Shyam Swaroop Katnagallu, Horst Hahn, Shabnam Taheriniya, Gerhard Wilde, Herbert Gleiter, Tao Feng
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shangshu Wu, Zongde Kou, Qingquan Lai, Si Lan, Shyam Swaroop Katnagallu, Horst Hahn, Shabnam Taheriniya, Gerhard Wilde, Herbert Gleiter, Tao Feng
Summary: This study demonstrates a new approach to strengthen nanograined metals by triggering structural transformations at grain boundaries, leading to dislocation exhaustion and ultra-hardening. Tailoring phase transformations via grain boundary physico-chemical engineering provides a pathway to explore nanomaterials with desired properties.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Bian, S. Taheriniya, G. Mohan Muralikrishna, A. Godha, S. K. Makineni, S. Sankaran, B. B. Straumal, Y. Du, G. Wilde, S. V. Divinski
Summary: Kinetic and structural changes induced by Bi alloying in dilute Ni-Bi alloys were investigated, focusing on grain boundary phase transitions. The grain boundary diffusion of Ni in the Ni-Bi alloys was measured across single and two-phase regions of the bulk phase diagram. The results showed that the Ni grain boundary diffusion rates were dependent on the Bi concentration and were influenced by Bi segregation and multi-layer Bi segregation along the grain boundaries. The presence of a liquid layer of Bi at the grain boundaries resulted in the highest Ni diffusivity. Additionally, structural transitions between different grain boundary phases were found to have a significant impact on the grain boundary diffusion rates.
Article
Physics, Applied
Nuri Choi, Shabnam Taheriniya, Sangsun Yang, Vladimir A. Esin, Ji Hun Yu, Jai-Sung Lee, Gerhard Wilde, Sergiy V. Divinski
Summary: This study systematically investigates the grain boundary diffusion in an additively manufactured equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy. It is found that the grain boundaries in the as-manufactured state exhibit significantly enhanced diffusivities and non-equilibrium segregation, which can be attributed to the non-equilibrium state of grain boundaries after rapid solidification. The study also reveals that the grain boundary diffusion rates are almost independent of the scanning/building strategy used for specimen's manufacturing.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. W. da Silva Pinto, M. Peterlechner, G. Wilde
Summary: The crystallization temperature of deeply undercooled Cu-Ge alloy melts was measured and analyzed statistically. The undercooling distributions for different compositions were treated as inhomogeneous Poisson processes to calculate the nucleation rates and estimate nucleation parameters. The Turnbull coefficient alpha, which represents the solid-liquid interfacial energy constant, was also determined as a function of alloy constitution, indicating a dependence on liquid composition.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tim Bernges, Martin Peterlechner, Gerhard Wilde, Matthias T. Agne, Wolfgang G. Zeier
Summary: The reduction of vibrational contributions to thermal transport and the search for materials with low lattice thermal conductivities are crucial in thermoelectric research. Spectral analytical models have been proven effective in understanding the physics of low thermal conduction, but another mechanism called diffusons has been discovered in complex crystalline materials. This work proposes an analytical 2-channel transport model that explains the thermal conductivities of the solid solution series Ag9-xGa1-xGexSe6 and provides materials design metrics for 2-channel thermal transport.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingmei Gong, Haihong Jiang, Jacques Perrin-Toinin, Martin Peterlechner, Magali Putero, Alain Portavoce, Sergiy Divinski, Gerhard Wilde
Summary: In this study, the self-diffusion coefficients of tellurium in amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 were experimentally measured for the first time, and the activation energy for tellurium self-diffusion was determined to be (1.43±0.08) eV.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruixuan Li, Baixue Bian, Gerhard Wilde, Yong Zhang, Sergiy V. Divinski
Summary: The tracer self-diffusion of Co in a compositionally complex AlCoCrFeNiTi0.2 alloy was measured using the radiotracer technique. The analysis of the complex multi-phase microstructure allowed for the determination of volume diffusion coefficients and grain boundary diffusion coefficients.