Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070208
Keywords
zearalenone (ZEA); reproductive toxicity; cytotoxicity; immunotoxicity; biological detoxification; probiotics; ZEA biotransformation
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31772809, 31872538]
- National Modern Agriculture Industrial System Project [CARS-39]
- National Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [2016D01A005]
- National Demonstration Project on the Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry products [40010229]
- Agricultural Science and Technology Extension and Service Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Demonstration and Extension of Multiplicity Sheep Breed Improvement and Rapid Propagation Technology
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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that is commonly found in cereal crops. ZEA has an estrogen-like effect which affects the reproductive function of animals. It also damages the liver and kidneys and reduces immune function which leads to cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity. At present, the detoxification of mycotoxins is mainly accomplished using biological methods. Microbial-based methods involve zearalenone conversion or adsorption, but not all transformation products are nontoxic. In this paper, the non-pathogenic microorganisms which have been found to detoxify ZEA in recent years are summarized. Then, two mechanisms by which ZEA can be detoxified (adsorption and biotransformation) are discussed in more detail. The compounds produced by the subsequent degradation of ZEA and the heterogeneous expression of ZEA-degrading enzymes are also analyzed. The development trends in the use of probiotics as a ZEA detoxification strategy are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference strategy for the biological detoxification of ZEA.
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