Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natasha Kharas, Ariana Andrei, Samantha R. Debes, Valentin Dragoi
Summary: The brain state strongly influences the propagation of neural activity in the early visual cortex. Propagation is weak during wakefulness and inversely related to arousal level, while propagation is vigorous during rest. These state-dependent changes can be explained by neuronal coupling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natasha Kharas, Ariana Andrei, Samantha R. Debes, Valentin Dragoi
Summary: The brain state strongly influences the propagation of neural activity. While neural signals propagate weakly across cortical columns during wakefulness, light-induced population activity vigorously propagates throughout the entire cortical column during rest.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ravi Pancholi, Lauren Ryan, Simon Peron
Summary: The stability of sensory cortical representations affects learning, as shown by a study on mice trained to discriminate photostimulation pulses. Mice with more stable neural responses learned faster in the task.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chia-Fang Wang, Jenq-Wei Yang, Zi-Hui Zhuang, Hsiang-Wei Hsing, Heiko J. Luhmann, Shen-Ju Chou
Summary: This study revealed a bottom-up feedback mechanism for regulating the development of TCAs, which involves feedback signals from L4 neurons and the regulation by Lhx2 and Sema7a.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Li Jia, Peng Cheng, Yue Yu, Shi-hu Chen, Chen-xing Wang, Ling He, Hao-tian Nie, Jian-cheng Wang, Jian-chun Zhang, Bao-guo Fan, Yan Jin
Summary: To solve the low adsorption efficiency and ineffective recycling of biochar obtained by pyrolysis, various processes such as chemical coprecipitation, sol-gel, multimetal multilayer loading, and biomass pyrolysis coking have been integrated to design a high-performance biochar adsorbent. The effects of O2 concentration and temperature on regeneration characteristics were explored, and an optimal regeneration method and conditions were proposed. The microscopic characteristics of the regenerated samples were revealed, along with the mechanism of Hg0 removal and regeneration. The results show that doping multiple metals enhances the oxidative activity of biochar carriers and improves Hg0 removal efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan E. Harvey, Heath L. Robinson, Can Liu, Azahara Oliva, Antonio Fernandez-Ruiz
Summary: Traditionally considered homogeneous, hippocampal pyramidal cells have recently been shown to exhibit high diversity. This study demonstrates that the anatomical identity of these cells is a major organizing principle for the dynamics of CA1 assembly, memory replay, and cortical projection patterns in rats. Different subpopulations of pyramidal cells encode specific information or track changes in reward, with their activity selectively read out by different cortical targets. Furthermore, distinct hippocampo-cortical assemblies coordinate the reactivation of complementary memory representations. These findings reveal specialized hippocampal-cortical subcircuits and provide insight into the computational flexibility and memory capacities of these structures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan H. Kirchner, Julijana Gjorgjieva
Summary: The organization of synaptic inputs on cortical dendrites at different spatial scales emerges during early postnatal development. A biophysically motivated computational model proposed by Kirchner and Gjorgjieva explains different types of organization in mouse and ferret based on activity-dependent synaptic competition and species-specific receptive fields.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tobias Schulte to Brinke, Renato Duarte, Abigail Morrison
Summary: This study replicates a seminal cortical column model and confirms the importance of its connectivity structure in enhancing computational performance. It also demonstrates that the computational advantage of the model lies in a sharper representation of the stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruss Lima, Maria M. Florentino, Mario Fiorani, Juliana G. M. Soares, Kerstin E. Schmidt, Sergio Neuenschwander, Jerome Baron, Ricardo Gattass
Summary: Visual perception is the result of hierarchical and parallel processing, as well as remapping, in a dynamic network of cortical visual areas. This article focuses on the topographical organization of cortical areas and the different visual maps found in the primate brain. Contrary to the belief in a strict representational model, the findings suggest that vision is an active and constructive process from the early stages of development, with a complex interplay between perceptual and motor systems.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
AmirAli Farokhniaee, Madeleine M. Lowery
Summary: High frequency deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus suppresses excessive beta band activity in the motor cortex in Parkinson's disease. Modulation of cortical network activity by changing synaptic coupling strength between different neurons can lead to increased or decreased beta activity and neural synchrony.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jochem van Kempen, Marc A. Gieselmann, Michael Boyd, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Tirin Moore, Tatiana A. Engel, Alexander Thiele
Summary: Fluctuations in cortical excitability affect sensory processing and behavior. These fluctuations are coordinated across different brain areas, with top-down attention enhancing this coordination. The degree of local state coordination between different areas can predict behavioral performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tereza Filipi, Zuzana Matusova, Pavel Abaffy, Ondrej Vanatko, Jana Tureckova, Sarka Benesova, Monika Kubiskova, Denisa Kirdajova, Jakub Zahumensky, Lukas Valihrach, Miroslava Anderova
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the disease-related activity of glia in the cortex of SOD1(G93A) mice using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry techniques. The results show minimal changes in glia throughout disease progression and regardless of sex. However, there were subtle disease-related transcriptional alterations in microglia and oligodendrocytes at the end-stage, supported by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, it is recommended to use a different model for future studies of the cortical ALS pathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Bhadra S. Kumar, Philip J. O'Herron, Prakash Kara, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
Summary: Networks of neurons are responsible for information processing, while blood vessels in the brain are mainly for oxygen and nutrient supply. Recent studies have shown that cerebral microvessels also exhibit tuned responses to sensory stimuli similar to neurons. The fine-scale structure of the microvascular network may be optimized for metabolic delivery to specific neural micro-architecture through competitive learning rules. By modeling the cortical neurovascular network with interconnected self-organizing networks, we found that the correspondence between neural and hemodynamic responses could be explained by lateral coupling across local blood vessels.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rashelle M. Hoffman, Christine M. Embury, Brandon J. Lew, Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham, Tony W. Wilson, Max J. Kurz
Summary: Adolescence is a critical period for the development and refinement of higher-level cognitive functions. Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) show slower responses and more errors in visual selective attention tasks, with stronger alpha oscillations in the left insula observed in MEG results.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Martin Oelschlaegel, Witold H. Polanski, Ute Morgenstern, Gerald Steiner, Matthias Kirsch, Edmund Koch, Gabriele Schackert, Stephan B. Sobottka
Summary: The study investigated temporal characteristics of cortical hemodynamic responses following different stimulation paradigms, finding decreased CBV and increased HbR in the contralateral primary sensory cortex with electrical stimulation, while prolonged tactile and visual stimulation led to increased CBV in the corresponding activated areas (SI, visual cortex). The findings suggest that the type and paradigm of stimulation have a significant impact on the temporal characteristics of hemodynamic responses.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)