Review
Cell Biology
Layla Al-Mansoori, Hend Al-Jaber, Mohammad Shoaib Prince, Mohamed A. Elrayess
Summary: Obesity, characterized by increased adiposity, is a major cause of morbidity in developed countries, increasing the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Activation of macrophages and secretion of chemokines exacerbate the dysfunction of adipose tissue and the risk of insulin resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and insulin resistance could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for individuals at higher risk of these conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karla Rio-Aige, Aina Fernandez-Bargallo, Esteban Vegas-Lozano, Antonio Minarro-Alonso, Margarida Castell, Marta Selma-Royo, Cecilia Martinez-Costa, Maria Jose Rodriguez-Lagunas, Maria Carmen Collado, Francisco Jose Perez-Cano
Summary: This study aims to characterize the dynamic changes in breast milk immune composition by analyzing various immune factors. The results show that there are differences in breast milk immune composition at different lactation stages and among different women. These dynamic compositional changes may be maternal-specific and could potentially impact infant health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Petros Katsogiannos, Prasad G. Kamble, Maria J. Pereira, Magnus Sundbom, Per-Ola Carlsson, Jan W. Eriksson, Daniel Espes
Summary: The study compared cytokine and adipokine levels in obese patients before and after RYGB surgery, finding that despite improvements in metabolic status and weight loss, the altered cytokine profile persisted, indicating an inherent inflammatory state in obese patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priscila Motta Janovits, Elbio Leiguez, Viviane Portas, Catarina Teixeira
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes associated with inflammatory diseases and obesity. Adipose tissue serves as an endocrine organ that can produce inflammatory mediators, contributing to tissue inflammation. This study investigates the inflammatory effects of a snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) on preadipocytes, highlighting the importance of preadipocytes as targets for metalloproteinases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatiana V. V. Kirichenko, Yuliya V. V. Markina, Anastasia I. I. Bogatyreva, Taisiya V. V. Tolstik, Yurgita R. R. Varaeva, Antonina V. V. Starodubova
Summary: This article reviews the key functions of adipokines in the inflammatory mechanisms, complications, and associated diseases of obesity. Through an extensive search on the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity, existing research findings are summarized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Li Qin, Junru Wu, Xuejing Sun, Xuewei Huang, Wei Huang, Chunyan Weng, Jingjing Cai
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, affecting about a quarter of the global population. Recent studies have found a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in NAFLD patients, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD and CVD, aiming to enhance clinicians' understanding of these diseases and improve cardiovascular outcomes in NAFLD patients.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Joanna Olszanska, Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz, Dorota Nowak
Summary: Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem that is a risk factor for various cancers, including melanoma. Adipokines, molecules secreted by adipose tissue, play a role in melanoma progression and may serve as markers for the disease. Understanding adipokine functions could provide insights into how obesity promotes melanoma growth and lead to potential therapeutic innovations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kajetan Kielbowski, Estera Bakinowska, Piotr Ostrowski, Bartlomiej Pala, Ewa Gromowska, Klaudia Gurazda, Pawel Dec, Andrzej Modrzejewski, Andrzej Pawlik
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition mediated by the immune system, characterized by inflammation and excessive skin cell growth. Dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and keratinocytes play key roles in the development of psoriasis, while the IL-23/IL-17 pathway contributes to disease progression. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and resistin, have immunomodulatory effects and may influence the progression or suppression of psoriasis. Understanding the relationship between psoriasis and adipokines could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marleen Wuerfel, Jana Breitfeld, Claudia Gebhard, Markus Scholz, Ronny Baber, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Matthias Bluher, Michael Stumvoll, Peter Kovacs, Anke Toenjes
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between 15 adipokines, eating behavior, and body-mass index (BMI), finding that certain adipokines are associated with different eating behavior types and BMI, with eating behavior acting as a potential mediator. Differences in mediation were observed between genders and ethnicities, highlighting the complex interplay between adipokines, eating behavior, and obesity development. Future experimental or mechanistic studies are needed to further elucidate these relationships.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alena Dmitrievna Khudiakova, Yana Vladimirovna Polonskaya, Victoria Sergeevna Shramko, Lilia Valeryevna Shcherbakova, Evgeniia Vitalievna Striukova, Elena Vladimirovna Kashtanova, Yulia Igorevna Ragino
Summary: The study explored the associations between adipokines/cytokines and chronic bronchitis in young people with abdominal obesity. Higher levels of adipokines and cytokines were found in patients with chronic bronchitis, while some other factors were lower. The probability of having chronic bronchitis increased with higher levels of lipocalin-2, GIP, and TNFa in the context of abdominal obesity.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
XiaoLi Lin, FengMing You, Hong Liu, Yu Fang, ShuoGuo Jin, QiaoLing Wang
Summary: This study revealed a strong association between NAFLD and colon tumors, especially in the right colon, which is more prevalent among Asian populations. The risk of colorectal neoplasms was higher in patients with NAFLD, but the relationship varied depending on factors like gender and ethnicity. Advanced pathological morphologies like serrated adenomas also showed an increased risk in patients with NAFLD.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, Concepcion M. Aguilera, Juan Luis Perez-Navero, Angel Gil, Juan de Dios Benitez-Sillero, Mercedes Gil-Campos
Summary: The study aimed to assess the relationship between fitness levels with plasma adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in prepubertal children. The results showed that an adequate level of fitness is inversely associated with risk factors related to low-grade inflammation and obesity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beata Zysk, Lucyna Ostrowska, Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka
Summary: The number of people suffering from obesity is increasing worldwide, affecting younger individuals as well. New diagnostic methods are being sought to assess the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders early. Research indicates that saliva may be a potential alternative diagnostic material for obesity and its early metabolic complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bernadette Buerger, Karin Schindler, Tanja Tripolt, Antonia Griesbacher, Hans Peter Stueger, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Adelheid Weber, Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer
Summary: The WHO European Region has the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months globally, with only 55.5% of infants in Austria exclusively breastfed at one week. The study identified several factors influencing breastfeeding duration, including maternal BMI, lifestyle factors, and breastfeeding support. Maternal support from hospital staff, midwives, and partners significantly increased the duration of breastfeeding. Higher household income, delivery in a baby-friendly certified hospital, and breastfeeding support were associated with longer exclusive breastfeeding duration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bamidele A. Adesunloye
Summary: Obesity is associated with the risk of prostate cancer through mechanisms such as chronic low-level inflammation and biological changes that promote malignant transformation. Understanding these mechanisms may be valuable in developing effective prostate cancer prevention strategies and treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas David Embleton, Sissel Jennifer Moltu, Alexandre Lapillonne, Chris H. P. van den Akker, Virgilio Carnielli, Christoph Fusch, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Nadja Haiden, Silvia Iacobelli, Mark J. Johnson, Sascha Meyer, Walter Mihatsch, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Jacques Rigo, Gitte Zachariassen, Jiri Bronsky, Flavia Indrio, Jutta Koglmeier, Barbara de Koning, Lorenzo Norsa, Elvira Verduci, Magnus Domellof
Summary: The objectives of this study were to review the current literature and develop consensus conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional practice in preterm infants. The process involved the participation of the ESPGHAN Committee of Nutrition and invited experts, who collaboratively reviewed the literature and developed provisional conclusions and recommendations. The lack of strong evidence for most nutrients and topics underscores the need for further research in this area.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Eva Manuela Pena-Burgos, Rita Maria Regojo, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Pedro Ruiz-Sala, Belen Perez, Maria Isabel Esteban-Rodriguez
Summary: Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) is an enzyme involved in valine metabolism. Deficiency of ECHS1 leads to accumulation of intermediate acids and ammonium, causing harmful effects on the brain and resulting in neuronal death and severe brain lesions.
PEDIATRIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David Ramiro-Cortijo, Sonia Del Pozo Arribas, Lidia Inisterra Viu, Natalia Garcia Vazquez, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon
Summary: Resolution of cholestasis was observed in 73.7% of infants after receiving Omegaven (TM) as a replacement for the previous partially fish oil-based emulsion. The use of a 100% fish oil-based emulsion was associated with a decrease in bilirubin levels.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lorenzo Norsa, Olivier Goulet, Daniele Alberti, Barbara DeKooning, Magnus Domellof, Nadja Haiden, Susan Hill, Flavia Indrio, Jutta Koglmeier, Alexandre Lapillonne, Veronica Luque, Sissel J. Moltu, Miguel Saenz De Pipaon, Francesco Savino, Elvira Verduci, Jiri Bronsky
Summary: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common condition leading to intestinal failure in children. This position paper provides comprehensive guidance on managing SBS based on expert opinion and limited available evidence. It covers the physiological mechanism of intestinal adaptation and offers clinical practice recommendations for the primary management of children with SBS.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lorenzo Norsa, Olivier Goulet, Daniele Alberti, Barbara DeKooning, Magnus Domelloef, Nadja Haiden, Susan Hill, Flavia Indrio, Jutta Koglmeier, Alexandre Lapillonne, Veronica Luque, Sissel J. Moltu, Miguel Saenz De Pipaon, Francesco Savino, Elvira Verduci, Jiri Bronsky
Summary: This paper reviews the available evidence on managing SBS and provides practical guidance to clinicians dealing with this condition.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Pediatrics
Alfredo Garcia-Alix, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Jesus Argente
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David Ramiro-Cortijo, Pratibha Singh, Gloria Herranz Carrillo, Andrea Gila-Diaz, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas, Camilia R. Martin, Silvia M. Arribas
Summary: Preterm birth is associated with altered growth patterns and an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, but breast milk can counteract these effects. Preterm infants have abnormal levels of adipokines and gut hormones, which are also present in breast milk and may improve infant growth. The study found that breast milk from women with preterm labor had lower ghrelin levels and higher levels of other hormones. In premature infants, growth was positively associated with breast milk ghrelin, while in term infants, it was positively associated with insulin and negatively with peptide YY.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Santiago Ruvira, Pilar Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Silvia Canas, David Ramiro-Cortijo, Yolanda Aguilera, David Munoz-Valverde, Silvia M. Arribas
Summary: A protocol using small gelatin cubes to train rats was developed, and most animals were easily trained to accept the gelatin cube in 2-3 days. Sex and fasting influenced the acceptance rate, while flavoring and sweeteners did not. Rats trained with the gelatin-based supplement during lactation showed no problems with their pups.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Victoria Pena-Delgado, Melissa Carvajal-Serna, Manuel Fondevila, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas, Yolanda Aguilera, Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera, Jose A. Abecia, Adriana Casao, Rosaura Perez-Pe
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytomelatonin-rich diet on ram sperm quality and seminal plasma composition. The results showed that the diet, including grape pulp, pomegranate and tomato pomaces, increased melatonin levels in seminal plasma, improved sperm viability and morphology, and protected sperm cells against oxidative damage.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego Taladrid, Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas, M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, Begona Bartolome
Summary: Grape pomace (GP) is a winemaking by-product rich in (poly)phenols and dietary fiber, which have health-promoting effects. GP has various potential bioactivities in the gut environment, including regulation of nutrient digestion and absorption, modulation of gut hormone levels, reinforcement of gut morphology, protection of intestinal barrier integrity, modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, and impact on gut microbiota composition and functionality. Understanding the connections between the gut and other organs through more human studies will solidify GP's role as a cardiometabolic health-promoting ingredient and contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Canas, Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Patricia Bermudez-Gomez, Pilar Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Cheyenne Braojos, Alicia Gil-Ramirez, Vanesa Benitez, Yolanda Aguilera, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas
Summary: The digestion process can modify the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of phenolic compounds found in cocoa shell, a by-product of the cocoa industry. This study assessed the influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the concentration of phenolic compounds in cocoa shell flour and extract, as well as their antioxidant activity in intestinal epithelial and hepatic cells. The results showed that gastrointestinal digestion increased the antioxidant capacity of cocoa shell and exhibited free radical scavenging capacity. The cocoa shell did not show cytotoxicity and effectively countered oxidative stress in both cell lines, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Ramiro-Cortijo, Gloria Herranz Carrillo, Pratibha Singh, Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Pilar Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Santiago Ruvira, Maria Martin-Trueba, Camilia R. Martin, Silvia M. Arribas
Summary: This study aimed to examine the changes in breast milk cytokines during the first month of lactation in Spanish breastfeeding women and their modulation by neonatal and maternal factors. The study found that breast milk cytokines shifted towards an anti-inflammatory profile during lactation, mainly influenced by prematurity. MCP-1 in breast milk was associated with maternal and neonatal inflammatory processes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Yolanda Aguilera, Alicia Gil-Ramirez, Vanesa Benitez, Silvia Canas, Cheyenne Braojos, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive strategy for utilizing coffee by-products as sustainable bioactive food ingredients and nutraceuticals. The by-products can be transformed into functional food ingredients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, suitable for conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. This research contributes to functional food products, sustainability, and management of chronic diseases. Recent research has shown that coffee by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, suitable for producing functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals. The study proposes a stepwise approach for developing these products from coffee by-products, covering various stages such as characterization, research, formulation, analysis, and market potential.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Vanesa Benitez, Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Cheyenne Braojos, Silvia Canas, Alicia Gil-Ramirez, Yolanda Aguilera, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of different extrusion conditions on the cocoa shell's (CS) dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant and functional properties. The results showed that higher temperatures and lower moisture feed during extrusion led to losses in the CS dietary fiber, especially the insoluble fraction. However, extrusion at 160°C-25% feed moisture resulted in the highest increase in total and free phenolic compounds, as well as enhanced antioxidant capacity. Extrusion also affected the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of the CS, producing extrudates with higher bulk density, diminished oil and water holding capacity, and improved swelling properties. Furthermore, extrusion increased the CS' glucose adsorption capacity, α-amylase inhibitory capacity, glucose diffusion delaying ability, and starch digestion retardation capacity. The findings demonstrate the potential of extrusion to valorize the CS and produce fiber-rich foods with improved health-promoting properties.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Barbara Moreno-Sanz, Fernando Lazaro-Perona, Esperanza Escribano, Marta Cabrera Lafuente, Maria Teresa Montes, Rocio Amoros, Silvia Arboleya, Miguel Gueimonde, Jesus Mingorance, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of recombinant human enteral insulin and placebo in the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants. The results showed that insulin can modify the intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in preterm infants, which may contribute to neonatal intestinal maturation and protection through microbiota modulation.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
