Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Fei Ma, Ping Wang
Summary: The study proposes a simple algorithmic framework for generating power-law graphs with small diameters and examines their structural properties. The results show that these graphs have unique features such as density characteristics and higher trapping efficiency compared to existing scale-free models, confirmed through extensive simulations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giulia Cencetti, Federico Battiston, Bruno Lepri, Marton Karsai
Summary: The research findings show that higher-order interactions are common in temporal social networks, characterized by bursty dynamics with rapidly recurring events separated by long periods of inactivity. The formation and dissolution of groups differ between spontaneous social settings and work settings, with the latter being more abrupt. Furthermore, there is a temporal reinforcement effect indicating that longer group cohesiveness leads to higher probability of persistent interaction patterns in the future.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Yizheng Yuan
Summary: This paper studies the (chordal) Loewner differential equation that encodes curves in the half-plane and provides two equivalent conditions for characterizing traces. The paper also explores the relationship between the uniform limits of traces and the uniform convergence of their driving functions using methods by Lind, Marshall, and Rohde (2010).
INDIANA UNIVERSITY MATHEMATICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pauline Formaglio, Marina E. Wosniack, Raphael M. Tromer, Jaderson G. Polli, Yuri B. Matos, Hang Zhong, Ernesto P. Raposo, Marcos G. E. da Luz, Rogerio Amino
Summary: Plasmodium sporozoites actively migrate in the dermis and enter blood vessels to induce infection. Through intravital imaging, researchers found that sporozoites adopt a strategy of alternating global superdiffusive skin exploration and local subdiffusive blood vessel exploitation, enabling them to find intravasation hotspots associated with pericytes, enter the bloodstream and initiate malaria infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Massimiliano Turchetto, Michele Bellingeri, Roberto Alfieri, Ngoc-Kim-Khanh Nguyen, Quang Nguyen, Davide Cassi
Summary: Investigating the network response to node removal and the efficacy of the node removal strategies is fundamental to network science. In this study, we propose four new measures of node centrality based on random walk and compare them with existing strategies for synthesizing and real-world networks. The results indicate that the degree nodes attack is the best strategy overall, and the new node removal strategies based on random walk show the highest efficacy in relation to specific network topology.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yating Wang, Hanshuang Chen
Summary: In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of stochastic resetting on the entropy rate of discrete-time Markovian processes. The study reveals nontrivial and interesting features of stochastic dynamics, showing a nonmonotonic dependence of the entropy rate on the resetting probability. The research also explores the mixing properties of stochastic processes on different network topologies.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Hanshuang Chen, Yanfei Ye
Summary: This study investigates discrete-time random walks on networks subject to time-dependent stochastic resetting. The results demonstrate that time-modulated resetting protocols can be more advantageous in accelerating the completion of a target search process compared to constant-probability resetting.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Axel Maso-Puigdellosas, Trifce Sandev, Vicenc Mendez
Summary: In this study, we investigate the dynamics of a random walker moving on a comb structure with stochastic resetting. We consider two types of resetting, global and local, and analyze their effects on the walker's mean squared displacement. Our findings show that the interplay between the waiting process and resetting leads to different diffusion behaviors, including normal diffusion, subdiffusion, and a crossover between them. Global resetting has a more drastic effect, either leading to constant displacement or two distinct regimes of subdiffusive motion.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Feng Huang, Hanshuang Chen
Summary: This study investigates discrete-time random walks with first-passage resetting processes on arbitrary networks, deriving exact expressions for stationary occupation probability, average number of resets, and mean first-passage time. Results show that these quantities can be expressed in terms of the fundamental matrix, demonstrating the advantage of first-passage resetting in global search on various networks.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lucas Guerreiro, Filipi N. Silva, Diego R. Amancio
Summary: Discovery processes in network science focus on knowledge acquisition through exploring nodes. Different learning strategies can lead to the same learning performance, indicating the need to combine learning curves with other sequence features for inferring network topology.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ran Liu, Xiang Liu, Jie Wu
Summary: In this study, we propose molecular descriptors based on persistent path-spectral and a machine learning model based on persistent path-spectral for the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity. Our model combines the molecular descriptors from persistent path-spectral attributes with the gradient boosting tree machine learning model. We test this model on three commonly used datasets and achieve competitive results.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Youngkyoung Bae, Gangmin Son, Hawoong Jeong
Summary: This paper investigates how exploitation behavior affects search performance in different network structures. The study finds that exploitation can significantly improve search performance in lollipop-like networks but hinder target search in clique-like networks. Numerical verification using real-world networks also supports the finding that exploitation reduces the time needed to fully explore the networks.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yan Wang, Xinxin Ca, Tongfeng Weng, Huijie Yang, Changgui Gu
Summary: In this study, we introduced lowest-degree preference random walks on complex networks, which significantly reduced search time compared to random walks on the majority of real networks. The optimal tuning parameter showed a strong positive correlation with entropy of degree sequence, indicating how much the search time could be reduced. This work opens up a new path for designing efficient search strategies with only local information available.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anh Dung Le, Alfred H. Mueller, Stephane Munier
Summary: This study examines the scattering of a small onium off a large nucleus at high center-of-mass energies, using the color dipole picture in quantum chromodynamics. By analyzing different reference frames, it is shown that complete asymptotic expressions can be derived beyond the total cross section, based on limited knowledge of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation solutions. An analytic expression for the rapidity distribution of the first branching of the slowest parent dipole is obtained, which provides an estimator of the correlations of interacting dipoles and is relevant to diffractive dissociation phenomena. The results presented may have broader implications for one-dimensional branching random walk models.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Pacheco-Pozo, Igor M. Sokolov
Summary: In usual diffusion, concentration profiles smoothly converge to a Gaussian distribution, but in disordered media with infinite contrast, initial sharp features may not smooth out over long times, which is important for diagnosing disorders in complex systems such as biological systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Joseph Rosen, Hilton B. de Aguiar, Vijayakumar Anand, YoonSeok Baek, Sylvain Gigan, Ryoichi Horisaki, Herve Hugonnet, Saulius Juodkazis, KyeoReh Lee, Haowen Liang, Yikun Liu, Stephan Ludwig, Wolfgang Osten, YongKeun Park, Giancarlo Pedrini, Tushar Sarkar, Johannes Schindler, Alok Kumar Singh, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Guohai Situ, Mitsuo Takeda, Xiangsheng Xie, Wanqin Yang, Jianying Zhou
Summary: In recent years, the rapid development of chaos-inspired imaging technologies, consisting of non-invasive and invasive directions, has led to faster and smarter imaging capabilities. Non-invasive imaging through scattering layers has achieved significant progress, while invasive imaging exploits chaos to achieve special imaging characteristics and increase dimensionalities beyond the limits of conventional imagers. This roadmap presents the current and future challenges in both invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jonathan Dong, Lorenzo Valzania, Antoine Maillard, Thanh-an Pham, Sylvain Gigan, Michael Unser
Summary: Phase retrieval is the process of recovering a complex-valued signal from intensity-only measurements. Recent advances in machine learning have brought new vitality to the field of phase retrieval, with significant theoretical and practical breakthroughs. This tutorial provides a unifying framework that reviews classical and machine learning methods in phase retrieval, focusing on applications, recent reconstruction algorithms, and the latest theoretical results.
IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alfredo Sciortino, Lukas J. Neumann, Timo Krueger, Ivan Maryshev, Tetsuhiko F. Teshima, Bernhard Wolfrum, Erwin Frey, Andreas R. Bausch
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of passive nematic materials to control the pattern formation process of active fluids by introducing and controlling defects. It shows that defects in the passive material can guide the flow of active microtubules and lead to the formation of macroscopic polar patterns, opening up new possibilities for shaping active materials using passive defects.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicola Pellicciotta, Ojus Satish Bagal, Viridiana Carmona Sosa, Giacomo Frangipane, Gaszton Vizsnyiczai, Roberto Di Leonardo
Summary: Biohybrid microbots, integrating biological actuators and sensors into synthetic chassis, are developed to provide the building blocks of next-generation micro-robotics. A challenge is to develop self-assembled systems that exhibit consistent behavior and can be controlled independently for complex tasks. In this study, 3D printed microbots are shown to be steerable by unbalancing light intensity over different microbot parts, using light-driven bacteria as propellers. An optimal feedback loop is designed to project tailor-made light patterns onto each microbot, enabling independent guidance of multiple microbots through spatially distributed checkpoints.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
F. Soldevila, C. Moretti, T. Nobauer, H. Sarafraz, A. Vaziri, S. Gigan
Summary: Recently, fluorescence-based optical techniques have been used to probe information in the mammalian brain, but light scattering from tissue heterogeneities hinders clear imaging of deep neuron bodies. While some approaches allow shallow-depth retrieval of information, non-invasive localization and functional imaging at depth remains challenging. A matrix factorization algorithm has been shown to retrieve functional signals from fluorescent emitters behind scattering samples, and in this study, it is demonstrated that low-contrast fluorescent speckle patterns recovered by the algorithm can be used to locate individual emitters, even in the presence of background fluorescence. The approach is tested on different scattering phantoms and a brain slice.
Article
Optics
Baptiste Courme, Chloe Verniere, Peter Svihra, Sylvain Gigan, Andrei Nomerotski, Hugo Defienne
Summary: Using a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera, researchers have successfully quantified high-dimensional spatial entanglement without needing background subtraction. They showed position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations and quantified the entanglement of formation of their source to be larger than 2.8, indicating a dimension higher than 14. This work overcomes important challenges in photonic entanglement quantification and paves the way for practical quantum information processing protocols based on high-dimensional entanglement.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Damien Degoulange, Raj Pandya, Michael Deschamps, Dhyllan A. Skiba, Betar M. Gallant, Sylvain Gigan, Hilton B. de Aguiar, Alexis Grimaud
Summary: High-resolution Raman imaging is used to investigate the interface of salt-salt aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) at a molecular level, revealing a gradual change of environment instead of a sharp molecular interface. This knowledge is of great importance in understanding aqueous interfaces and has significant implications in various biological and technological settings, including novel battery technologies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Optics
Lorenzo Valzania, Sylvain Gigan
Summary: Following recent advancements in wavefront shaping, optical methods have proven crucial for imaging and light control in multiply scattering media, such as biological tissues. However, the stability times of living biological specimens often prevent such methods from providing insights into relevant functioning mechanisms in cellular and organ systems. Here, we present a recursive and online optimization routine, borrowed from time series analysis, to optimally track the transmission matrices of dynamic scattering media over arbitrarily long time scales. It operates in a memory-efficient manner while preserving the advantages of both optimization-based routines and transmission-matrix measurements. Because it can be readily implemented in existing wavefront shaping setups featuring amplitude and/or phase modulation and phase-resolved or intensity-only acquisition, it could enable efficient optical investigations of living biological specimens.
Article
Optics
YoonSeok Baek, Hilton B. de Aguiar, Sylvain Gigan
Summary: Shaping light deep inside complex media is crucial for various research fields, and controlling light without physical access to the inside of a medium has been a challenge. In this study, a phase conjugation method for spatially incoherent light is presented, enabling non-invasive light control based on incoherent emission from multiple target positions. The method retrieves mutually incoherent scattered fields from speckle patterns and time-reverses scattered fluorescence with digital phase conjugation. Various experimental demonstrations, including focusing light on individual and multiple targets, as well as delivering maximum energy to an extended target through a scattering medium, highlight the potential for controlling light propagation in complex media using incoherent contrasts mechanisms.
Article
Optics
Ruben Ohana, Daniel Hesslow, Daniel Brunner, Sylvain Gigan, Kilian Mueller
Summary: We propose a novel method for linear optical random projections without holography. By combining multiple intensity measurements, our method mitigates the information loss caused by non-linearity in optical intensity measurements. Experimental and numerical results show that the resulting matrix consists of real-valued, independent, and identically distributed Gaussian random entries. Our simple and robust optical setup does not require interference between two beams. We demonstrate the practical applicability of our method by performing dimensionality reduction on high-dimensional data, a common task in randomized numerical linear algebra with relevant applications in machine learning.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicola Pellicciotta, Matteo Paoluzzi, Dario Buonomo, Giacomo Frangipane, Luca Angelani, Roberto Di Leonardo
Summary: By modulating bacterial motility with light, researchers have found a way to control the transport direction and speed of microscopic particles by adjusting the active pressure gradients. This discovery provides new insights into the potential use of active pressure for controlled transport of microscopic objects.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Baptiste Courme, Patrick Cameron, Daniele Faccio, Sylvain Gigan, Hugo Defienne
Summary: High-dimensional entangled quantum states improve the performance of quantum technologies, allowing for higher information capacities and enhanced imaging protocols in quantum communication. However, the presence of optical disorder hinders practical use. This study demonstrates a wavefront shaping approach to transmit high-dimensional spatially entangled photon pairs through scattering media using a transmission matrix approach and wavefront correction with an intense classical beam. By violating the Einstein-Podolski-Rosen criterion by 988 sigma, entanglement is shown to exist after the medium, with a dimensionality of 17. This work opens the door for manipulating and transporting entanglement through scattering media, with potential applications in quantum microscopy and quantum key distribution.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Bianchi, F. Saglimbeni, G. Frangipane, R. Di Leonardo
Summary: In peritrichous bacteria, capillary forces can deform the flagella bundle when colonizing a water-air interface and lead to unusual and heterogeneous swimming modes. The observed swimming behavior can be explained by allowing elastic bending of the bundle axis, with stiffness playing a crucial role in selecting the swimming mode.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Louisiane Devaud, Bernhard Rauer, Matthias Kuhmayer, Jakob Melchard, Mickael Mounaix, Stefan Rotter, Sylvain Gigan
Summary: The complex temporal behavior of an ultrashort pulse of light propagating through a multiple scattering medium can be experimentally characterized using a time-gated transmission matrix. We demonstrate that injecting singular vectors of this matrix allows optimal control of energy deposition at any controllable delay time. Our approach provides insights into fundamental aspects of multispectral light scattering and could be applied to imaging or coherent control.
Article
Optics
Gianni Jacucci, Louis Delloye, Davide Pierangeli, Mushegh Rafayelyan, Claudio Conti, Sylvain Gigan
Summary: The study demonstrates the possibility of controlling the couplings of a fully connected Ising spin system through optics, enabling the modification of Ising Hamiltonian and solving complex spin-glass Hamiltonians.
