Journal
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 24, Issue 10, Pages 917-926Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.06.013
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Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (MCB) [1614629]
- EAGER [1834636]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience [1614629] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Protein amino (N) termini are major determinants of protein stability in the cytosol of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, conceptualized in the N-end rule pathway, lately referred to as N-degron pathways. Here we argue for the existence of N-degron pathways in plastids of apicomplexa, algae, and plants. The prokaryotic N-degron pathway depends on a caseinolytic protease (CLP) S recognin (adaptor) for the recognition and delivery of N-degron-bearing substrates to CLP chaperone-protease systems. Diversified CLP systems are found in chloroplasts and nonphotosynthetic plastids, including CLPS homologs that specifically interact with a subset of N-terminal residues and stromal proteins. Chloroplast N-terminome data show enrichment of classic stabilizing residues [Ala (A), Ser (S), Val (V), Thr (T)] and avoidance of charged and large hydrophobic residues. We outline experimental test strategies for plastid N-degron pathways.
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