Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Tian, Mengxi Zhao, Yiyi Chen, Mo Yang, Yilong Wang
Summary: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) being the main contributor. Various physiopathologic mechanisms have been identified, such as blood-brain barrier damage and cerebral blood flow reduction, that play a role in CSVD. The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels have been found to be involved in the progression of CSVD. Understanding the interaction between these systems is significant for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CSVD.
Article
Cell Biology
Cesar Luis Vera Quesada, Shreyas Balachandra Rao, Reidun Torp, Per Kristian Eide
Summary: The study found that lymphatic vessels are widespread in the human dura mater, not only lining the dural sinus veins. They were identified in areas such as the posterior fossa, temporal skull base, frontal convexity, and cranio-cervical junction, most commonly seen remote from blood vessels.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ronja Bihlmaier, Felix Deffner, Ulrich Mattheus, Peter H. Neckel, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas F. Mack
Summary: The choroid plexus is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and serves as a blood-CSF barrier. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed that ependymal cells and subependymal astrocytes in the choroid plexus expressed aquaporin-4, which may facilitate water transport. The glial plate surrounding the choroid plexus also demonstrated high AQP4 density, suggesting a possible drainage and clearing pathway for metabolites.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Luca Sacchi, Marina Arcaro, Tiziana Carandini, Anna Margherita Pietroboni, Giorgio Giulio Fumagalli, Chiara Fenoglio, Maria Serpente, Federica Sorrentino, Caterina Visconte, Manuela Pintus, Giorgio Conte, Valeria Elisa Contarino, Elio Scarpini, Fabio Triulzi, Daniela Galimberti, Andrea Arighi
Summary: This study found a correlation between increased AQP4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that CSF-AQP4 and CSO-EPVS may be clinically meaningful biomarkers of glymphatic dysfunction and associated neurodegeneration.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Camilla de Laurentis, Paola Cristaldi, Andrea Arighi, Clarissa Cavandoli, Andrea Trezza, Erik P. Sganzerla, Carlo G. Giussani, Andrea Di Cristofori
Summary: This systematic review explores the role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus, finding a general increase of AQPs in hydrocephalic patients but a tendency towards reduction in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, suggesting AQPs may serve as diagnostic tools or therapeutic targets for hydrocephalus management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Arighi, Marina Arcaro, Giorgio Giulio Fumagalli, Tiziana Carandini, Anna Margherita Pietroboni, Luca Sacchi, Chiara Fenoglio, Maria Serpente, Federica Sorrentino, Giovanni Isgro, Federico Turkheimer, Elio Scarpini, Daniela Galimberti
Summary: This study reveals that AQP4 levels are significantly elevated in neurodegenerative diseases and positively correlated with total tau levels. This finding may open up new avenues for future research on the clinical assessment of lymphatic function and neurodegeneration.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Felix Deffner, Corinna Gleiser, Ulrich Mattheus, Andreas Wagner, Peter H. Neckel, Petra Fallier-Becker, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas F. Mack
Summary: This study found the expression of AQP4 in the choroid plexus epithelium, which was previously unknown. The expression level of AQP4 was significantly increased in old mice, suggesting its association with age-related changes. These findings provide new evidence for the production of cerebrospinal fluid and age-related changes in the brain.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kilian Hett, Colin D. McKnight, Jarrod J. Eisma, Jason Elenberger, Jennifer S. Lindsey, Ciaran M. Considine, Daniel O. Claassen, Manus J. Donahue
Summary: This study used machine learning and non-contrast MRI techniques to non-invasively quantify the parasagittal dural (PSD) space in the human body. The results showed that PSD volume increases with age and is related to cerebrospinal fluid volume and bi-directional flow.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Visesha Kakarla, Scott L. Letendre, Ronald J. Ellis
Summary: Accumulation of soluble proteins and metabolites during wakefulness and their clearance during sleep via the glymphatic system is disturbed in some neurological conditions and has not been evaluated in people with HIV.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Thea Overgaard Wichmann, Helle Hasager Damkier, Michael Pedersen
Summary: A comprehensive understanding of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is crucial for understanding the health and disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent research has significantly improved our knowledge of the CSF system in both health and disease, but there are still aspects that require further investigation.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
E. Liu, Xianlong Peng, Haowen Ma, Yan Zhang, Xiaomei Yang, Yixuan Zhang, Linlin Sun, Junhao Yan
Summary: The mechanism of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not fully understood. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in draining soluble waste proteins and metabolic products from the brain, with aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) facilitating interstitial fluid (ISF) transportation. After SAH, there is a significant impairment in GS, with Aqp4 gene knockout exacerbating GS damage.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmed Elabasy, Mia Suhonen, Zalan Rajna, Youssef Hosni, Janne Kananen, Johanna Annunen, Hanna Ansakorpi, Vesa Korhonen, Tapio Seppanen, Vesa Kiviniemi
Summary: The study found that respiratory brain pulsations related to hydrodynamic solute transport are significantly altered in patients with focal epilepsy. Optical flow analysis of ultra-fast functional MRI data revealed significant changes in the velocity and direction of respiratory brain impulse propagation in both medicated and drug-naive patient groups compared to healthy control subjects. The slower and incoherent respiratory brain impulses observed in both patient groups, regardless of medication status, may contribute to epileptic brain pathology by hindering brain hydrodynamics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Mina Park, Jong Pil Park, Se Hoon Kim, Yoon Jin Cha
Summary: We report the existence of dural channels in the parasagittal dural space and dura mater in humans. These channels are concentrated along the parasagittal dural space and vary in size, resembling empty spaces without subcellular structures. They do not express lymphatic and vascular markers. 3D micro-CT reveals Swiss-cheese-like structured empty spaces connected to each other.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Dan Xu, Jie Zhou, Hao Mei, Huan Li, Wenbo Sun, Haibo Xu
Summary: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the central nervous system. The glymphatic system, a newly discovered CSF outflow pathway, eliminates harmful solutes in the brain parenchyma. However, little is known about the function of CSF in brain tumors. This study focused on the changes in the glymphatic system and the role of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in glioma.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mehmet Sait Albayram, Garrett Smith, Fatih Tufan, Ibrahim Sacit Tuna, Mehmet Bostanciklioglu, Michael Zile, Onder Albayram
Summary: This study non-invasively visualizes lymphatic structures in the human brain, showing evidence of lymphatic flow from cranial nerves to cervical lymph nodes, as well as differences by age and sex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryota Tamura, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Kazunari Yoshida, Hideyuki Okano, Masahiro Toda
Summary: Malignant glioma, a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, has poor prognosis and requires new therapeutic modalities. Suicide gene therapy has gained attention, with recent focus on using tumor-tropic stem cells as cellular delivery vehicles. This approach shows potential for effective treatment of malignant gliomas.
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Makoto Murase, Ryota Tamura, Yuki Kuranari, Mizuto Sato, Kentaro Ohara, Yukina Morimoto, Kazunari Yoshida, Masahiro Toda
Summary: The depth and patterns of dural invasion in meningiomas were quantitatively evaluated, and it was found that the invasion patterns were associated with meningioma recurrence.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Satoshi Takahashi, Yusuke Matsui, Hajime Kubo, Masahiro Toda
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keisuke Yoshida, Masahiro Toda, Yoshitake Yamada, Minoru Yamada, Yoichi Yokoyama, Hirokazu Fujiwara, Kenzo Kosugi, Hikaru Sasaki, Masahiro Jinzaki
Summary: Posterior fossa arachnoid cysts can rarely cause postural headache, with upright CT imaging showing changes in intracranial structures, aiding in diagnosis and treatment.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mizuto Sato, Ryota Tamura, Yukina Morimoto, Yumiko Oishi, Kazunari Yoshida, Masahiro Toda
Summary: This study found an association between activated fibroblasts and dura matere-like membrane capsules in LVMs. The characteristics of membranous structure in LVMs may differ depending on tumor size.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryota Tamura
Summary: Neurofibromatosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by tumors in the nervous system, with NF1, NF2, and SWN as its three main types. While NF1 and NF2 have known genetic mutations and targeted therapies, the molecular mechanisms of SWN remain unclear and require further research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yumiko Oishi, Ryota Tamura, Kazunari Yoshida, Masahiro Toda
Summary: The dura-like membrane (DLM) is an membranous structure arising from the dura mater adjacent to the internal auditory meatus that envelops some vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Recognition of DLM is important for preserving facial and cochlear nerves during tumor resection. The study found that the presence of DLM was associated with lower tumor resection volume, larger intratumoral vessel diameter, and higher intratumoral microvessel density.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryota Tamura, Masahiro Toda
Summary: Vestibular schwannoma is a benign tumor that originates from Schwann cells. Gamma knife radiosurgery is an accepted treatment, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy show potential for refractory cases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kento Takahara, Makoto Katayama, Ryota Tamura
Summary: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a rare but devastating complication of advanced cancer, more commonly caused by breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. Treatment with intrathecal chemotherapy via Ommaya reservoir and radiation therapy has shown success in prolonging survival in patients with LMC from ovarian cancer.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ryota Tamura, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Kent Imaizumi, Masahiro Yo, Yoshitaka Kase, Tsukika Sato, Mizuto Sato, Yukina Morimoto, Oltea Sampetrean, Jun Kohyama, Munehisa Shinozaki, Atsushi Miyawaki, Kazunari Yoshida, Hideyuki Saya, Hideyuki Okano, Masahiro Toda
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential benefit of gene-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the treatment of invasive glioma stem cells (GSCs). Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from CRISPR/Cas9-edited iPSCs expressing a suicide gene showed enhanced tumor-trophic migratory capacity and significant in vivo antitumor effects. The study also identified key signaling pathways and gene expressions associated with the efficacy of therapeutic iPSC-NSCs.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryota Tamura
Summary: Drug repositioning is the process of identifying new therapeutic potentials for approved drugs and discovering new therapies for untreated diseases. It can save time and cost compared to de novo drug discovery. This article reviews the utility of drug repositioning for refractory benign tumors of the central nervous system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hiroki Yamada, Yoshitaka Kase, Yuji Okano, Doyoon Kim, Maraku Goto, Satoshi Takahashi, Hideyuki Okano, Masahiro Toda
Summary: This study found that neuroinflammation caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can spread throughout the cerebrum, leading to neuronal cell death. The severity of neuroinflammation correlated with the severity of the disease. Suppressing neuroinflammation in all layers of the cerebral cortex may improve the prognosis of patients with SAH.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryosuke Tomio, Takashi Horiguchi, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, Ryota Tamura, Kazunari Yoshida, Takeshi Kawase
Summary: The anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) has been used for surgery since 1985, and this study analyzed 274 cases performed from 1984 to 2017. Petroclival meningioma was the most common diagnosis. Modifications to the ATPA, such as zygomatic osteotomy, were used to decrease complications, but brain injury and CSF leak remained unresolved problems. Facial nerve damage decreased after 2010, but CSF leak incidence did not improve.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2022)