Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Vetrivel Sengottuvel, Monalisa Hota, Jeongah Oh, Dwight L. Galam, Bernice H. Wong, Markus R. Wenk, Sujoy Ghosh, Federico Torta, David L. Silver
Summary: Patients with autosomal recessive microcephaly 15 caused by deficiency in Mfsd2a, a transporter for LPC in oligodendrocytes, exhibit both microcephaly and hypomyelination. Mfsd2a is specifically expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and plays a critical role in OPC development. Loss of Mfsd2a leads to precocious differentiation of OPCs into immature oligodendrocytes and impaired maturation into myelinating oligodendrocytes, resulting in postnatal brain hypomyelination.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice M. Li, Robert A. Hill, Jaime Grutzendler
Summary: Neocortical heterotopia are ectopic neuronal clusters associated with cognitive disability and epilepsy. A new inducible model of focal cortical heterotopia has been developed to investigate their pathogenesis, revealing abnormal axonal patterns and increased myelination. Heterotopia formed during a critical embryonic temporal window exhibit aberrant features suggesting the involvement of developmentally modulated axon guidance and myelination factors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shiji Deng, Shu Shu, Lili Zhai, Shengnan Xia, Xiang Cao, Huiya Li, Xinyu Bao, Pinyi Liu, Yun Xu
Summary: White matter injury (WMI) is a cause of cognitive decline or dementia caused by cerebral vascular diseases. This study explores novel therapeutic strategies for WMI by applying adaptive myelination-related strategies. The study found that neuromodulation through activation of glutamatergic neurons promotes myelin repair and cognitive recovery in the context of ischemic WMI.
Review
Neurosciences
Sarah E. Pease-Raissi, Jonah R. Chan
Summary: Myelin, essential for efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system, is now understood to be a dynamic process that can modulate neuronal function. Recent research has shown a reciprocal relationship between neurons and oligodendrocytes, highlighting the importance of their communication in refining neuronal function.
Article
Toxicology
Ana Dias-Carvalho, Mariana Ferreira, Ana Reis-Mendes, Rita Ferreira, Maria Lourdes Bastos, Eduarda Fernandes, Susana Isabel Sa, Joao Paulo Capela, Felix Carvalho, Vera Marisa Costa
Summary: This study evaluated the neurotoxic pathways of mitoxantrone in the brain of adult mice and found that it caused significant damage in regions associated with memory and cognition.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evgeniy Svirin, Johannes de Munter, Aleksei Umriukhin, Elisaveta Sheveleva, Allan Kalueff, Andrei Svistunov, Sergey Morozov, Susanne Walitza, Tatyana Strekalova
Summary: Gangliosides play important roles in neural development and function, and their dysfunction is associated with neurological disorders and psychiatric conditions. Abnormal ganglioside function can result in neuroinflammation, aberrant myelination, and altered insulin receptor signaling. Understanding the role of gangliosides in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders is of great clinical significance.
Article
Neurosciences
Xingyu Liu, Federico D'Oleire Uquillas, Angela N. Viaene, Zonglei Zhen, Jesse Gomez
Summary: This study reveals the organization and functional properties of the human cerebellum during development, showing a tissue gradient across different lobules and a close relationship between cerebellar structural development and functional changes.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fatma H. Shaker, Marwa O. El-Derany, Sara A. Wahdan, Ebtehal El-Demerdash, Hala O. El-Mesallamy
Summary: The study demonstrated that BBR has a significant neuroprotective effect against DOX-induced cognitive impairment, improving behavioral defects and reversing histopathological abnormalities. Mechanistically, BBR modulated neuroinflammation, anti-oxidative defense, and synaptic plasticity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cognitive decline in cancer survivors undergoing DOX-based chemotherapy.
Review
Neurosciences
Mara S. Bloom, Jennifer Orthmann-Murphy, Judith B. Grinspan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that myelination is driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Motor learning promotes adaptive myelination in both healthy and demyelinated central nervous system (CNS) while exercise promotes remyelination in pathology. However, it is uncertain whether exercise promotes adaptive myelination in healthy subjects.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
M. Skurlova, K. Holubova, L. Kleteckova, T. Kozak, H. Kubova, J. Horacek, K. Vales
Summary: Cancer treatment-induced cognitive impairment, known as chemobrain, has a significant negative impact on patients' well-being and is a current research hot topic. Inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress are closely related to blood-brain barrier disruption, leading to neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. Chemotherapy also affects brain functionality and morphology through alterations in cell properties. Additionally, chemotherapy has unique impacts on immune system functions and metabolism. Overall, inflammation is a possible mechanism for brain damage during blood cancers, and chemotherapy can lead to cognitive impairment.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Toxicology
Ana Dias-Carvalho, Mariana Ferreira, Rita Ferreira, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Susana Isabel Sa, Joao Paulo Capela, Felix Carvalho, Vera Marisa Costa
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction has a significant impact on cancer patients, affecting domains such as verbal memory and psychomotor function. Studies suggest that chemotherapy alters brain metabolism, white and grey matter, while the underlying neurotoxic mechanism of cognitive deficits is still not fully elucidated.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emre Caglayan, Yuxiang Liu, Genevieve Konopka
Summary: This study investigates ambient RNA contamination in single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing, focusing on brain datasets. The researchers find distinct gene set signatures for nuclear and non-nuclear origin ambient RNAs, which predominantly affect neuronal cell types. They demonstrate the pervasive contamination of neuronal ambient RNA in glial cell types and propose a computational method to remove this contamination. After removal, previously unannotated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are detected. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of ambient RNA contamination in brain single-nuclei datasets.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Marwa O. El-Derany, Mohamed H. Noureldein
Summary: In this study, BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo were found to successfully restore DOX-induced cognitive and behavioral distortions in rat models of chemobrain. This neuroprotection was achieved through modulation of key signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory and apoptotic states, and enhancement of antioxidant mediators.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Siyu Heng, Hyunseung Kang, Dylan S. Small, Colin B. Fogarty
Summary: This passage discusses the focus on the impact of treatment on bad outcomes in observational studies, the superiority of an adaptive approach, and how combining aberrant rank testing with traditional methods can be used to study the effect of teenage pregnancy on stunting.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manal T. T. Usmani, Robert P. P. Krattli, Sanad M. M. El-Khatib, Anh C. D. Le, Sarah M. M. Smith, Janet E. E. Baulch, Ding Quan Ng, Munjal M. M. Acharya, Alexandre Chan
Summary: Breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (ADR) experience reduced levels of BDNF, leading to cognitive impairments. The orally active BDNF-enhancing medication riluzole (RZ) improves hippocampal-dependent learning and memory function, reduces anxiety-like behavior, and protects against neuroinflammation. RZ also prevents chemotherapy-induced reductions in BDNF levels and promotes dentate neurogenesis.
