Article
Biology
Qiming Yang, Te-Wen Lo, Katjusa Brejc, Caitlin Schartner, Edward J. Ralston, Denise M. Lapidus, Barbara J. Meyer
Summary: An evolutionary perspective reveals that the genetic regulatory hierarchy controlling sex determination and X-chromosome dosage compensation is conserved but with divergent mechanisms between Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis elegans. While the binding of the specialized condensin dosage compensation complex (DCC) to recruitment sites in Cbr is additive, DCC binding to Cel recruitment sites is synergistic. Rapid divergence of DCC target specificity, determined by motifs, has played a crucial role in establishing reproductive isolation between nematode species.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdelhalim Boukaba, Jian Liu, Carl Ward, Qiongfang Wu, Alexei Arnaoutov, Jierong Liang, Elena M. Pugacheva, Mary Dasso, Victor Lobanenkov, Miguel Esteban, Alexander V. Strunnikov
Summary: Many tumors express meiotic genes that can cause chromosome instability. The abnormal expression of meiotic cohesins is associated with chromosome missegregation, DNA damage, and altered gene expression. Additionally, meiotic cohesins localize to the same sites as BORIS/CTCFL, rather than the CTCF sites associated with somatic cohesins.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Taschner, Jerome Basquin, Barbara Steigenberger, Ingmar B. Schaefer, Young-Min Soh, Claire Basquin, Esben Lorentzen, Markus Raeschle, Richard A. Scheltema, Stephan Gruber
Summary: The Nse5/6 sub-complex inhibits the Smc5/6 ATPase by preventing productive ATP binding, which is relieved by plasmid DNA binding. This direct inhibition modulates DNA substrate selection.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Mari Yoshinaga, Yuji Inagaki
Summary: This study reexamined the ubiquity of SMC1-6 in phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes and found multiple secondary losses of SMC5 and SMC6 in eukaryotic evolution. It also revealed that the SMC proteins constituting cohesin and condensin were derived from closely related but distinct ancestral proteins. Based on these findings, the divergence of SMC 1-6 from the archaeal homologs was discussed.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Julian Haase, Richard Chen, Wesley M. Parker, Mary Kate Bonner, Lisa M. Jenkins, Alexander E. Kelly
Summary: The TFIIH complex plays a crucial role in maintaining chromosome compaction and condensin enrichment by dynamically altering the chromatin environment to facilitate condensin loading and condensin-dependent loop extrusion.
Article
Biology
Martin Houlard, Erin E. Cutts, Muhammad S. Shamim, Jonathan Godwin, David Weisz, Aviva Presser Aiden, Erez Lieberman Aiden, Lothar Schermelleh, Alessandro Vannini, Kim Nasmyth
Summary: The eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by dramatic changes in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis. Cohesin and condensin enzymes extrude DNA loops to configure chromosomal DNA topology, with cohesin acting during interphase and condensin primarily during mitosis. MCPH1 gene mutations in patients with microcephaly and the deletion of Mcph1 in mouse embryonic stem cells unleash condensin II activity during interphase, leading to compact chromosomes in G1 and G2 phases. This process is inhibited by MCPH1's binding to condensin II's NCAPG2 subunit, highlighting the crucial role of MCPH1 in blocking condensin II's association with chromatin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Arias-Sarda, Sarah Quigley, Marta Farre
Summary: This study reconstructed ancestral karyotypes and identified chromosome rearrangements in ruminants using 26 genome assemblies. The results show that ruminant karyotype evolution is characterized by inversions, while interchromosomal rearrangements occurred preferentially in the oldest ancestor. Additionally, evolutionary breakpoints regions (EBRs) were found to be depleted of protein coding genes and not enriched in high GC regions.
Review
Cell Biology
James R. Paulson, Damien F. Hudson, Fernanda Cisneros-Soberanis, William C. Earnshaw
Summary: Our understanding of the structure and function of mitotic chromosomes has significantly progressed over the years, with key non-histone proteins and protein complexes playing important roles in chromosome formation. Condensins I and II shape the chromosome and scaffold through an ATP-dependent process called loop extrusion, ultimately compacting the mitotic chromosome with the help of Topo II alpha.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seokbeom Roh, Taeha Lee, Da Yeon Cheong, Yeonjin Kim, Soohwan Oh, Gyudo Lee
Summary: In this study, the surface charge and stiffness of metaphase chromosomes were measured using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the chromosomes were positively charged and had uniform stiffness when covered with extra materials, but became strongly negatively charged and showed non-uniform and augmented stiffness after removing the extra materials. This study provides new insights into the structure and analysis of chromosomes.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Haiming Han, Xinyuan Ma, Zhen Wang, Kai Qi, Wenjing Yang, Weihua Liu, Jinpeng Zhang, Shenghui Zhou, Yuqing Lu, Xinming Yang, Xiuquan Li, Lihui Li
Summary: In this study, chromosome 5P from A. cristatum was found to induce various chromosomal structural variations in a common wheat background. These variations disrupted chromosome pairing and meiotic behavior, leading to aberrant chromosome behavior. Thirteen genes involved in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling were upregulated in wheat-A. cristatum 5P addition lines, suggesting the involvement of chromosome 5P in meiotic double-strand break repair. These findings provide a new and efficient tool for inducing wheat-alien chromosome translocations and generating new germplasm.
Review
Neurosciences
Du Pang, Shengping Yu, Xuejun Yang
Summary: Mitosis and meiosis are crucial life activities that transmit eukaryotic genetic information to progeny in a stable and orderly manner. The abnormal function of condensin, a large protein complex, has been found to cause chromatin concentration and genome organization disorder, leading to various diseases, especially neurological disorders. Understanding these mechanisms is important for understanding related diseases and discovering new clinical treatments.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandra Iannuzzi, Pietro Parma, Leopoldo Iannuzzi
Summary: The species of buffalo can be divided into two genera: Syncerus from Africa and Bubalus from southwest Asia, the Mediterranean, South America, and Australia. The study of buffalo chromosomes is crucial for distinguishing different species and hybrids.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew A. Conte, Frances E. Clark, Reade B. Roberts, Luohao Xu, Wenjing Tao, Qi Zhou, Deshou Wang, Thomas D. Kocher
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of a giant sex chromosome in cichlid fish, finding that it consists of three distinct regions and contains unprecedented amounts of endogenous retroviral elements, immunoglobulin genes, and long non-coding RNAs. Comparative analysis across 69 teleost genomes supports the hypothesis that the giant sex chromosome originated from the fusion of a B chromosome.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Shoji Tane, Keishi Shintomi, Kazuhisa Kinoshita, Yuko Tsubota, Makoto M. Yoshida, Tomoko Nishiyama, Tatsuya Hirano, Adele L. Marston
Summary: This study uncovers a mechanism for regulating the cell cycle-specific loading of Condensin I through its kleisin subunit CAP-H N-terminal tail. The results also demonstrate that deletion of the N-terminal tail enables Condensin I to assemble mitotic chromosome-like structures in interphase extracts.
Article
Cell Biology
Florian P. Bock, Hon Wing Liu, Anna Anchimiuk, Marie-Laure Diebold-Durand, Stephan Gruber
Summary: Cells have the remarkable ability to organize and segregate chromosomes, which involves the cooperation between SMC complexes and ParB proteins. This study demonstrates that the bacterial Smc complex, along with ParB, can function together to organize and segregate foreign chromosomes, shedding light on the mechanisms of chromosome folding and segregation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ghadeer K. Dawwas, Charles E. Leonard, James D. Lewis, Adam Cuker
Summary: In this population-based cohort study, patients with VTE who were new users of apixaban had lower rates for recurrent VTE and bleeding than new users of rivaroxaban.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ghadeer K. Dawwas, James H. Flory, Sean Hennessy, Charles E. Leonard, James D. Lewis
Summary: This study examined the association of SGLT2 inhibitors with diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to DPP-4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas. The results showed that patients newly prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors had a higher rate of diabetic ketoacidosis compared to the other two drug classes. Clinicians should be cautious about this association when prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Eric M. Ammann, Elizabeth A. Chrischilles, Ryan M. Carnahan, Bruce Fireman, Candace C. Fuller, Marin L. Schweizer, Crystal Garcia, Madelyn Pimentel, Charles E. Leonard, Meghan A. Baker, Adam Cuker, Enrique C. Leira, Jennifer G. Robinson, Scott K. Winiecki
Summary: This study found a transient increase in the risk of arterial thromboembolic events (TEEs) following intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) treatment, but no significant increase in venous TEE risk. These results suggest a small absolute increase in arterial TEEs risk following IGIV, but caution is needed in interpreting the findings due to lower-than-expected chart retrieval rates and the possibility of time-varying confounding. Continued pharmacovigilance efforts are warranted.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Lee, E. M. Huff, A. Choi, J. Elvin-Poole, C. Hirata, K. Honscheid, N. MacCrann, A. J. Ross, M. A. Troxel, T. F. Eifler, H. Kong, A. Ferte, J. Blazek, D. Huterer, A. Amara, A. Campos, A. Chen, S. Dodelson, P. Lemos, C. D. Leonard, V. Miranda, J. Muir, M. Raveri, L. F. Secco, N. Weaverdyck, J. Zuntz, S. L. Bridle, C. Davis, J. DeRose, M. Gatti, J. Prat, M. M. Rau, S. Samuroff, C. Sanchez, P. Vielzeuf, M. Aguena, S. Allam, A. Amon, F. Andrade-Oliveira, G. M. Bernstein, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, R. Cawthon, C. Conselice, M. Costanzi, L. N. da Costa, M. E. S. Pereira, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, J. P. Dietrich, P. Doel, S. Everett, A. E. Evrard, I. Ferrero, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, J. Garcia-Bellido, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, T. Giannantonio, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, W. G. Hartley, S. R. Hinton, D. L. Hollowood, B. Hoyle, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, M. Lima, M. A. G. Maia, M. March, J. L. Marshall, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, R. Morgan, A. Palmese, F. Paz-Chinchon, A. Pieres, A. A. Plazas Malagon, A. Roodman, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, E. Sheldon, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, C. To, T. N. Varga, J. Weller
Summary: This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using the DES-CMASS sample (DMASS) as the equivalent of CMASS for a joint analysis of DES and BOSS in the framework of modified gravity. By combining the data vectors of DMASS galaxies' angular clustering, DES METACALIBRATION sources' cosmic shear, and cross-correlation of the two, along with RSD measurements from the CMASS sample and Planck data, we obtain constraints on modified gravity parameters mu(0) and Sigma(0). The constraints obtained with DMASS are tighter than those with other samples using the same external data sets, indicating the effectiveness of this approach in breaking the degeneracy between galaxy bias and other cosmological parameters.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Chen, Sean Hennessy, Colleen M. Brensinger, Ghadeer K. Dawwas, Emily K. Acton, Warren B. Bilker, Sophie P. Chung, Sascha Dublin, John R. Horn, Todd A. Miano, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen, Samantha E. Soprano, Charles E. Leonard
Summary: This study identifies skeletal muscle relaxant (SMR) drug-drug-drug interaction (3DI) signals associated with increased rates of unintentional traumatic injury. The findings suggest the need for further research on the effects of SMR drugs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ghadeer K. Dawwas, Sean Hennessy, Colleen M. Brensinger, Emily K. Acton, Warren B. Bilker, Sophie Chung, Sascha Dublin, John R. Horn, Melanie M. Manis, Todd A. Miano, David W. Oslin, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen, Samantha E. Soprano, Douglas J. Wiebe, Charles E. Leonard
Summary: The concurrent use of muscle relaxants with other drugs may contribute to unintentional traumatic injury.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heather M. Gilmartin, Theodore Warsavage, Anne Hines, Chelsea Leonard, Lynette Kelley, Ashlea Wills, David Gaskin, Lexus Ujano-De Motta, Brigid Connelly, Mary E. Plomondon, Fan Yang, Peter Kaboli, Robert E. Burke, Christine D. Jones
Summary: The rural Transitions Nurse Program (TNP) is effective in increasing postdischarge follow-up and reducing mortality among veterans.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Emily K. Acton, Sean Hennessy, Colleen M. Brensinger, Warren B. Bilker, Todd A. Miano, Sascha Dublin, John R. Horn, Sophie Chung, Douglas J. Wiebe, Allison W. Willis, Charles E. Leonard
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that drug interactions may be responsible for the association between opioid use and unintentional traumatic injury. Using high-throughput screening of US commercial health insurance data, signals of opioid interactions with commonly co-dispensed medications leading to unintentional traumatic injury were identified.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Melanie M. Manis, Jeffrey A. Kyle, Dima Dajani, Kevin Pan, Peter J. Hughes, Georges Adunlin, Leland N. Allen, Charles E. Leonard
Summary: This study examined the impact of a pharmacist-led intervention on antimicrobial prescribing practices at the time of discharge. The results showed that the intervention led to an improvement in the appropriateness of oral antimicrobials prescribed at discharge. One-time education alone was not sufficient for improving antimicrobial stewardship.
ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Hematology
Neil Dhopeshwarkar, Wei Yang, Sean Hennessy, Joanna M. Rhodes, Adam Cuker, Charles E. E. Leonard
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cheng Chen, Sean Hennessy, Colleen M. M. Brensinger, Warren B. B. Bilker, Sascha Dublin, Sophie P. P. Chung, John R. R. Horn, Kacie F. F. Bogar, Charles E. E. Leonard
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of drug-drug interactions (3DIs) between antidepressants and other medications on potential injury risks. Through data analysis, we identified several drug combinations associated with elevated injury rates, suggesting a potential clinical concern.
CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Danielle S. Abraham, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen, Leah J. Blank, Dylan Thibault, Shelly L. Gray, Sean Hennessy, Charles E. Leonard, Daniel Weintraub, Allison W. Willis
Summary: This study examined the differential prescribing patterns between new and established treatments for common neurological conditions. Using data from a national sample of US commercially insured adults from 2005-2019, the study compared new users of recently approved medications for three conditions: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson disease psychosis, and epilepsy. The results showed that newer medications were more frequently prescribed to individuals with prior treatment, suggesting potential bias in comparative effectiveness and safety studies. The study emphasizes the importance of reporting propensity score non-overlap in comparative studies involving newer medications and suggests methodological approaches to address channeling bias.
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Emily K. Acton, Sean Hennessy, Colleen M. Brensinger, Warren B. Bilker, Todd A. Miano, Sascha Dublin, Allison W. Willis, Charles E. Leonard
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charles Leonard, Cheng Chen, Sean Hennessy, Colleen Brensinger, Emily Acton, Warren Bilker, Todd Miano, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charles Leonard, Cheng Chen, Sean Hennessy, Colleen Brensinger, Emily Acton, Warren Bilker, Todd Miano, Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)