Article
Engineering, Environmental
Timothy Hua, Sonia Kiran, Yan Li, Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
Summary: This study explores the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the human brain, showing that their exposure can affect embryonic brain-like tissue development and gene expression.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rui Mao, Xiaoyun Zhang, Youyong Kong, Shanshan Wu, Hai-qin Huo, Yue Kong, Zhen Wang, Yan Liu, Zhengping Jia, Zikai Zhou
Summary: This study reveals the important role of ALK in neurodevelopment, as transient embryonic ALK inactivation can affect the structure and function of the adult brain. Through scRNA-seq, it was found that ALK influences differentially expressed genes at different developmental stages, many of which are associated with neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders.
Article
Neurosciences
Jiong Deng, Jie Zhang, Kai Gao, Ling Zhou, Yuwu Jiang, Jingmin Wang, Ye Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of eIF2B mutation on the differentiation and development of different nerve cells during the dynamic brain development process using 3D brain organoids. The mutant brain organoids were smaller and showed increased apoptosis. Neuronal development was delayed in the early stage, but superficial neuronal differentiation was normal in the later stage. The mutant organoids had immature astrocytes, increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, decreased mature oligodendrocytes, and sparse myelin. These findings provide a platform for further research on the specific pathogenesis of VWM.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Soraya Scuderi, Giovanna G. Altobelli, Vincenzo Cimini, Gianfilippo Coppola, Flora M. Vaccarino
Summary: In this study, transcriptome and cellular phenotypes of telencephalic organoids (ORGs) and monolayers (MONs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were compared. The results revealed increased proliferation and altered cellular characteristics in MONs, suggesting potential differences in signaling pathways and developmental processes when compared to ORGs.
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra Neaverson, Malin H. L. Andersson, Osama A. Arshad, Luke Foulser, Mary Goodwin-Trotman, Adam Hunter, Ben Newman, Minal Patel, Charlotte Roth, Tristan Thwaites, Helena Kilpinen, Matthew E. Hurles, Andrew Day, Sebastian S. Gerety
Summary: Efficient and effective methods for converting human induced pluripotent stem cells into differentiated derivatives are critical for performing robust, large-scale studies of development and disease modelling, and for providing a source of cells for regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a 14-day neural differentiation protocol which allows for the scalable, simultaneous differentiation of multiple iPSC lines into cortical neural stem cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Robert Morey, Tony Bui, Kathleen M. Fisch, Mariko Horii
Summary: This article describes in vitro models of human trophoblast differentiation, including primary and hPSC-derived TSC as well as trophoblast organoids. These models help study early placental development and diseases in various settings.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhenming Guo, Mengxia Chen, Yiming Chao, Chunhai Cai, Liangjie Liu, Li Zhao, Linbo Li, Qing-Ran Bai, Yanxin Xu, Weibo Niu, Lei Shi, Yan Bi, Decheng Ren, Fan Yuan, Shuyue Shi, Qian Zeng, Ke Han, Yi Shi, Shan Bian, Guang He
Summary: RGCC regulates NSC self-renewal and neuronal differentiation by affecting cell cycle regulation and spindle orientation, with deficiency leading to decreased NSC population and brain developmental malformation. This study suggests that RGCC plays a crucial role in maintaining the NSC pool during cortical development and potential etiological roles in human brain malformations.
Review
Cell Biology
Flaminia Kaluthantrige Don, Nereo Kalebic
Summary: The expansion of the cerebral cortex is closely related to the acquisition of higher intellectual abilities that distinguish humans from their closest relatives. Recent studies using brain organoids have provided valuable insights into the molecular and cell biological features of basal radial glia (bRG), which can help understand the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang, Beatrice Xuan Ho, Woon-Khiong Chan, Boon-Seng Soh
Summary: In recent years, advancements in medical research have been significantly contributed by the increasing prominence of organoid technology, particularly in the study of cardiac organ development and disease modeling. Although current 3D cardiac organoid cultures are able to model key developmental hallmarks, there are limitations that require a more comprehensive model to investigate deeper parameters.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tadahiro Shinozawa, Masaki Kimura, Yuqi Cai, Norikazu Saiki, Yosuke Yoneyama, Rie Ouchi, Hiroyuki Koike, Mari Maezawa, Ran-Ran Zhang, Andrew Dunn, Autumn Ferguson, Shodai Togo, Kyle Lewis, Wendy L. Thompson, Akihiro Asai, Takanori Takebe
Summary: This study established a screening model based on human liver organoids (HLO) for analyzing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) pathology, providing unique advantages at the organoid resolution. Through this model, a multi-readout organoid analysis was successfully developed to measure viability, cholestatic and/or mitochondrial toxicity, showing high predictive values for marketed drugs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ha-Rim Seo, Hyeong-Jun Han, Youngsun Lee, Young-Woock Noh, Seung-Ju Cho, Jung-Hyun Kim
Summary: This study successfully generated alveolar organoids containing functional macrophages using biomimetic strategies. These improved organoids exhibit higher levels of inflammatory factors and can produce chemotactic factor IL-8, making them a valuable tool for studying inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Emmanuel C. Ijezie, John M. O'Dowd, Man Kuan, Alexandra R. Faeth, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Summary: HCMV infection is the leading cause of virus-induced neurologic birth defects, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study used HCMV-infected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate in vitro brain organoids and found that infected organoids had fewer neural rosettes and structural deficits. Further experiments showed that HCMV-induced downregulation of NID1 impaired neural rosette formation and integrity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Toxicology
Atsushi Masui, Toyohiro Hirai, Shimpei Gotoh
Summary: The absence of in vitro platforms for human pulmonary toxicology studies is a growing concern. Recent advances in culture methods, specifically human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung epithelial organoid culture systems, have provided potential solutions. These advancements have allowed for the in vitro recapitulation of genetic lung diseases and the evaluation of the effectiveness and toxicity of therapeutic agents, bridging the gap between bench and bedside.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Miodrag Stojkovic, Dongjun Han, Minjin Jeong, Petra Stojkovic, Konstantina M. Stankovic
Summary: The development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and genome editing (GE) technologies provide new opportunities to understand the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in humans and identify new therapeutic approaches. However, important challenges associated with hiPSCs and GE need to be addressed before translating research findings into effective and safe clinical applications.
Article
Oncology
Akihiro Miura, Daisuke Yamada, Masahiro Nakamura, Shuta Tomida, Dai Shimizu, Yan Jiang, Tomoka Takao, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Ken Suzawa, Kazuhiko Shien, Masaomi Yamane, Masakiyo Sakaguchi, Shinichi Toyooka, Takeshi Takarada
Summary: Utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), researchers established iHER2-hiPSCs and differentiated lung progenitors to form human lung organoids (HLOs), demonstrating that overexpression of HER2 leads to increased morphological irregularity and proliferation capacity in lung tissue, resembling precancerous lesions. HiPSC-derived HLOs serve as a model to study the early tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and provide insights into the molecular basis of tumor initiation and progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Virology
Anamaria G. Zavala, John M. O'Dowd, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2016)
Article
Virology
Man I. Kuan, John M. O'Dowd, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Article
Virology
Man I. Kuan, John M. O'Dowd, Kamila Chughtai, Ian Hayman, Celeste J. Brown, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Article
Virology
Shuang Cheng, Xuan Jiang, Bo Yang, Le Wen, Fei Zhao, Wen-Bo Zeng, Xi-Juan Liu, Xiao Dong, Jin-Yan Sun, Ying-Zi Ming, Hua Zhu, Simon Rayner, Qiyi Tang, Elizabeth Fortunato, Min-Hua Luo
Article
Virology
Joel Rovnak, Laura A. St Clair, Kirsten Krieger, Elena Lian, Rushika Perera, Randall J. Cohrs
Article
Microbiology
Prabha Shrestha, David A. Davis, Hannah K. Jaeger, Alexandra Stream, Ashley Aisabor, Robert Yarchoan
Summary: Pomalidomide increases ICAM-1 and B7-2 on PEL cells, leading to enhanced T-cell activation and NK-mediated cytotoxicity. This immune stimulation effect is mediated by Pom's interaction with cereblon and the PI3K pathway, providing a rationale for its potential therapy in KSHV-associated tumors like PEL.
Article
Virology
Man Kuan, Lisa B. Caruso, Anamaria G. Zavala, Pranav S. J. B. Rana, John M. O'Dowd, Italo Tempera, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Summary: We have discovered that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) uses multiple viral proteins through multiple pathways to regulate the cellular basement membrane protein NID1. The extent of resources and redundant methods used by the virus to control NID1 strongly suggests that its elimination provides a life cycle advantage to HCMV. Our findings that the viral protein pp71 binds directly to cellular DNA and can exert control even in very small quantities may have broad implications in various infection scenarios. Dysregulation of NID1 may not manifest complications during infection in an immunocompetent host, but in the naive immune system of a developing fetus, disruption of this critical protein could initiate catastrophic HCMV-induced birth defects.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Emmanuel C. Ijezie, John M. O'Dowd, Man Kuan, Alexandra R. Faeth, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Summary: HCMV infection is the leading cause of virus-induced neurologic birth defects, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study used HCMV-infected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate in vitro brain organoids and found that infected organoids had fewer neural rosettes and structural deficits. Further experiments showed that HCMV-induced downregulation of NID1 impaired neural rosette formation and integrity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Shuang Cheng, Fei Zhao, Le Wen, Bo Yang, Xian-Zhang Wang, Sheng-Nan Huang, Xuan Jiang, Wen-Bo Zeng, Jin-Yan Sun, Fu-Kun Zhang, Hong-Jie Shen, Elizabeth Fortunato, Min-Hua Luo, Han Cheng
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of host cell protein expression changes during HCMV latency establishment and reactivation processes in neural cells. ApoE was found to be downregulated by HCMV to facilitate latent infection, and several PI3K pathway-related proteins were associated with HCMV reactivation. This research highlights potential druggable targets for HCMV-related diseases, especially brain disorders.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Man Kuan, Hannah K. Jaeger, Onesmo B. Balemba, John M. O'Dowd, Deborah Duricka, Holger Hannemann, Emmerentia Marx, Natacha Teissier, Liliana Gabrielli, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Elizabeth M. Keithley, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
Summary: The study found that HCMV infection leads to the elimination of the developmentally important basement membrane protein nidogen 1 (NID1) from its host. The virus reduces transcription and induces degradation of the protein, impacting cell function.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)