Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Matsumoto, Tatsunori Watanabe, Takayuki Kuwabara, Keisuke Yunoki, Xiaoxiao Chen, Nami Kubo, Hikari Kirimoto
Summary: Our study found that SICI in the ipsi-M1 is decreased during visually guided finger movements compared to rest condition. Additionally, both SICI and LICI were smaller in the right M1 compared to the left M1, regardless of task conditions.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Dongting Tian, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Results of this study suggest that 20Hz rTMS induces a reliable interhemispheric facilitatory effect, with a significant increase in single-pulse MEP and paired-pulse intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the non-stimulated hemisphere after rTMS intervention. Intracortical inhibition in the unstimulated hemisphere also increased following rTMS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Danielle Carolina Pimenta, Anne Victorio Pessotto, Felipe Fregni
Summary: The clinical correlates of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures, such as resting motor threshold (MT), motor-evoked potential (MEP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF), in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients were investigated. It was found that SICI was associated with sleepiness, comorbidities, disease duration, and anxiety, while ICF showed a positive correlation with pain levels and a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI). These findings suggest that SICI and ICF metrics may serve as potential phenotyping biomarkers in FMS.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Judith Bek, Merryn D. Constable, Matthew Hilchey, Timothy N. Welsh
Summary: Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the phenomenon where response times are longer for stimuli presented at previously cued locations compared to uncued locations. While previous studies have implicated posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in IOR effects, the role of primary motor cortex (M1) has not been directly tested. This study investigated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over M1 on manual IOR and found that TMS significantly affected IOR, suggesting the need for further research on the involvement of the motor system in manual IOR effects.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Danny Adrian Spampinato, Jaime Ibanez, Lorenzo Rocchi, John Rothwell
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used to study the human brain. One outcome measure of TMS is the motor-evoked potential (MEP), which estimates changes in corticospinal excitability. This article summarizes the neural pathways and circuits contributing to MEP generation, discusses factors to consider when interpreting MEP amplitude in motor processing and neurological conditions, and explores how emerging technologies can enhance understanding of neural substrates influencing MEPs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
George M. Opie, Wei-Yeh Liao, John G. Semmler
Summary: Research indicates that interactions between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex are crucial for effective motor function. A review of emerging literature on this topic offers valuable insights into the nature of these interactions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emmanuelle Wilhelm, Caroline Quoilin, Gerard Derosiere, Susana Paco, Anne Jeanjean, Julie Duque
Summary: In Parkinson's disease, the lack of preparatory suppression in the primary motor cortex is associated with motor slowness and is related to disease duration and motor impairment. This finding suggests a potential marker for assessing motor preparation and impairment in Parkinson's disease.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zsolt Turi, Nicholas Hananeia, Sina Shirinpour, Alexander Opitz, Peter Jedlicka, Andreas Vlachos
Summary: This study explored the effects of TMS in different cortical regions using multi-scale computational modeling and highlighted the limitations of conventional intensity selection methods. Personalized stimulation intensity selection could standardize the effects of TMS.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhongfei Bai, Jiaqi Zhang, Kenneth N. K. Fong
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of iTBS on modulating cortical networks, and found that iTBS stimulation to the primary motor cortex significantly reduced cortical inhibition, especially in the contralateral hemisphere. Only iTBS to the M1 decreased global mean field power and TMS-induced early alpha-band synchronization, suggesting potential implications for changing cortical excitability in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sinan Yasaroglu, Joachim Liepert
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the changes in motor excitability and motor performance induced by a single session of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stroke patients. The results showed that anodal tDCS significantly reduced short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) without affecting intracortical facilitation (ICF) or long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). Cathodal tDCS did not change motor excitability. Both types of tDCS did not alter motor performance. The SICI in the affected hemisphere was lower than in the unaffected hemisphere even before anodal tDCS, and it was correlated with changes in motor performance after anodal tDCS.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Melina Engelhardt, Jana Kimmel, Giovanni Raffa, Alfredo Conti, Thomas Picht
Summary: The study demonstrates that accelerated low-frequency rTMS is a safe and feasible method for stimulating the motor cortex, and may make rTMS protocols more accessible to patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Max Loomes, Dominic M. D. Tran, Nahian S. Chowdhury, Damian P. Birney, Justin A. Harris, Evan J. Livesey
Summary: Recent research using TMS has found a correlation between the speed of stopping an action and GABAergic inhibitory activity in the motor system. This study aimed to replicate this correlation and investigate its generalization to other measures of inhibitory control and working memory. The results showed a specific relationship between SICI and SSRT, indicating the role of local inhibitory networks mediated by GABAA.
Article
Neurosciences
Sonia Turrini, Francesca Fiori, Emilio Chiappini, Boris Lucero, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Alessio Avenanti
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have shown that cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can strengthen connectivity between the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (M1) by modulating convergent input over M1 via Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The authors tested 60 right-handed young healthy humans using dual coil TMS and ccPAS over the left PMv and M1 to probe and manipulate PMv-to-M1 connectivity, and found that ccPAS acts locally over M1 by gradually increasing motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by paired PMv-M1 stimulation. Moreover, ccPAS reduced the magnitude of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) without affecting intracortical facilitation (ICF), highlighting the physiological basis of ccPAS.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ronan A. Mooney, Amy J. Bastian, Pablo A. Celnik
Summary: Learning similar motor skills in close succession is limited by interference due to unstable motor memories, which compete for neural resources. Prolonged training at the asymptote of an initial motor skill reduces interference when acquiring a second skill, with downregulation of excitatory neurotransmission in the primary motor cortex being a potential marker of online motor memory stabilization.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Abdulhameed Tomeh, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of disability and death among the elderly population. Restoring blood circulation in the early phase of stroke is crucial for protecting neurons. Rehabilitation techniques can help stroke survivors regain their affected functions, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a novel method to aid in this process. TMS can be used to assess and modulate cortical excitability non-invasively, and repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) shows promising results in post-stroke motor rehabilitation. It has also been found to have potential therapeutic uses in treating other symptoms such as dysphagia, speech impairments, central post-stroke pain, depression, and cognitive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study identified neural signatures of response preparation and inhibition during selective stopping of coupled and decoupled bimanual responses. Stopping was more selective for decoupled responses and supported by lateralized sensorimotor mu and beta power during response preparation. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional significance of decoupling for cognitive control in the form of selective stopping.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: Response inhibition is crucial for terminating inappropriate preplanned or ongoing responses, with selective stopping being a complex form of this inhibition. The stopping interference effect, characterized by response delays on unstopped effectors, may result from both selective and nonselective response inhibition processes. This effect can be influenced by factors such as response conflict, task familiarity, and functional coupling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Laura Voigt, Corey G. Wadsley, Marie O. Frenkel, Arne Nieuwenhuys
Summary: This study investigated how acute threat and vigorous exercise intensity interact to influence response inhibition. The results showed that mild levels of task-relevant emotional stress and high levels of physical stress did not significantly alter response inhibition performance. This suggests that response inhibition is relatively robust against mild levels of emotional stress and high levels of physical stress.
SPORT EXERCISE AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of interhemispheric primary motor cortex (M1-M1) influences during selective stopping with proactive cueing. The results showed that increased stopping uncertainty led to slower response times and reduced stopping interference. Proactive response inhibition was characterized by a slower rate of rise and faster cancel time in electromyographical bursts during stopping. There was a reduction in muscle excitability when the left hand was cued to stop, but there was no reinstatement of interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study provides a freely available Selective Stopping Toolbox (SeleST) to investigate selective stopping using either anticipatory or stop-signal task variants. The results suggest that selective stopping can be successfully investigated with either anticipatory or stop-signal paradigms in SeleST. The anticipatory paradigm should be used when strict control of response times is desired, while the stop-signal paradigm should be used when it is desired to estimate stop-signal reaction time with the independent race model.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether nonselective response inhibition during selective stopping is the result of a global pause process or a nonselective cancel process. In a bimanual anticipatory response inhibition paradigm, participants showed delayed responses in the non-signaled hand during selective ignore and stop trials, indicating that stopping-interference cannot solely be attributed to attentional capture. Furthermore, a stimulus-nonselective increase in frontocentral beta-bursts occurred during stop and ignore trials. These findings suggest that nonselective response inhibition primarily arises from a nonselective pause process, but does not fully explain the stopping-interference effect.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Jason L. He, Rebecca J. Hirst, Rohan Puri, James Coxon, Winston Byblow, Mark Hinder, Patrick Skippen, Dora Matzke, Andrew Heathcote, Corey G. Wadsley, Tim Silk, Christian Hyde, Dinisha Parmar, Ernest Pedapati, Donald L. Gilbert, David A. Huddleston, Stewart Mostofsky, Inge Leunissen, Hayley J. MacDonald, Nahian S. Chowdhury, Matthew Gretton, Tess Nikitenko, Bram Zandbelt, Luke Strickland, Nicolaas A. J. Puts
Summary: The stop-signal paradigm is commonly used in research on inhibitory control, with the most popular version being the 'choice-reaction' task and an alternative being the 'anticipated response inhibition' task. While the latter is gaining popularity and has some advantages, there are currently no openly available versions of it.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2022)