Cerebral Vascular Toxicity of Antiretroviral Therapy

HIV infection is associated with comorbidities that are likely to be driven not only by HIV itself, but also by the toxicity of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed, increasing evidence demonstrates that the antiretroviral drugs used for HIV treatment have toxic effects resulting in various cellular and tissue pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a modulated anatomophysiological interface which separates and controls substance exchange between the blood and the brain parenchyma; therefore, it is particularly exposed to ART-induced toxicity. Balancing the health risks and gains of ART has to be considered in order to maximize the positive effects of therapy. The current review discusses the cerebrovascular toxicity of ART, with the focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Graphical representation of the interactions between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Automated summary

HIV infection is associated with comorbidities likely driven by HIV and long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Antiretroviral drugs used for HIV treatment can have toxic effects, particularly on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Balancing health risks and gains of ART is crucial for maximizing therapy's positive effects.