Article
Immunology
Yile Zhou, Huihui Ju, Yan Hu, Tingting Li, Zhouyi Chen, Yuan Si, Xia Sun, Yi Shi, Hao Fang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The findings from animal experiments demonstrated that POCD in aged mice was accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory factors and increased circulating Tregs. Transfusion of Tregs from young mice partially restored the blood-brain barrier structure and alleviated POCD in aged mice, indicating a crucial role of aged Tregs in the occurrence of POCD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nurul Sulimai, Jason Brown, David Lominadze
Summary: Neurons and glial cells in the brain are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Local regulation of blood flow in the brain is determined by neurons and astrocytes. Changes in cerebral vessels, particularly in cerebrovascular permeability, play a crucial role in the development and progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in memory decline.
Review
Biology
Zahra Shabani, Jialing Liu, Hua Su
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system but can also cause neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties. These complications can last for months after infection, disrupting daily life. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how it leads to cognitive impairment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiziana Genovese, Daniela Impellizzeri, Ramona D'Amico, Roberta Fusco, Alessio Filippo Peritore, Davide Di Paola, Livia Interdonato, Enrico Gugliandolo, Rosalia Crupi, Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Marika Cordaro, Rosalba Siracusa
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of bevacizumab on ApoE(-/-) mice undergoing TBI, and found that bevacizumab improved motor deficits, reduced VEGF levels and brain edema, preserved BBB integrity, and mitigated neuroinflammation induced by TBI. Additionally, it was observed for the first time that bevacizumab prevented the acceleration of atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Torres-Vergara, Felipe Troncoso, Jesenia Acurio, Ellen Kupka, Lina Bergman, Anna-Karin Wikstro, Carlos Escudero
Summary: Disruption of blood-brain barrier is a central issue in the pathophysiology of acute cerebral complications in women with preeclampsia. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study found that plasma from women with preeclampsia increased cell apoptosis and permeability in human brain endothelial cells, possibly through activation of VEGFR2. The different phosphorylation patterns of VEGFR2 suggest that further investigation is needed to determine its specific activation status.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lili Huang, Weitian Tian, Xuemei Chen, Huan Xu, Wanbing Dai, Yizhe Zhang, Xiaodan Wu, Weifeng Yu, Jie Tian, Diansan Su
Summary: Aging is an important risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This study found that peripheral neutrophils-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) contributes to POCD in aged mice by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rina Hashimoto, Junya Takahashi, Keisuke Shirakura, Risa Funatsu, Kaori Kosugi, Sayaka Deguchi, Masaki Yamamoto, Yugo Tsunoda, Maaya Morita, Kosuke Muraoka, Masato Tanaka, Tomoaki Kanbara, Shota Tanaka, Shigeyuki Tamiya, Nagisa Tokunoh, Atsushi Kawai, Masahito Ikawa, Chikako Ono, Keisuke Tachibana, Masuo Kondoh, Masanori Obana, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Akihiro Ohsumi, Takeshi Noda, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuo Yoshioka, Yu-Suke Torisawa, Hiroshi Date, Yasushi Fujio, Miki Nagao, Kazuo Takayama, Yoshiaki Okada
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 decreases the expression of Claudin-5 (CLDN5), a tight junction protein, and disrupts vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated adherens junctions, thereby leading to the disruption of the endothelial barrier in respiratory organs. The down-regulation of CLDN5 expression was observed in the lungs of a COVID-19 patient. The overexpression of CLDN5 or treatment with Fluvastatin rescued the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory endothelial barrier disruption. Inducing CLDN5 expression is identified as a therapeutic strategy against COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Rui Yang, Mingming Chen, Jiayin Zheng, Xin Li, Xiaojuan Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the role of glycocalyx in BBB formation and highlights the therapeutic potential of heparin in maintaining BBB integrity. It provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological diseases related to BBB breakdown.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sorabh Sharma
Summary: Intake of diets rich in saturated fats can lead to metabolic disorders and cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown that high fat diet alters key mechanisms like insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation, leading to loss of synaptic plasticity and reduced cerebral blood flow, potentially causing cognitive deficits.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nerea Requena-Ocana, Maria Flores-Lopez, Esther Papaseit, Nuria Garcia-Marchena, Juan Jesus Ruiz, Jesus Ortega-Pinazo, Antonia Serrano, Francisco Javier Pavon-Moron, Magi Farre, Juan Suarez, Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca, Pedro Araos
Summary: This study suggests that alcohol-induced alterations in chemokines and VEGFA might contribute to the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment associated with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Monitoring VEGFA/chemokine levels could be used as potential biomarkers for cognitive impairment in AUD patients.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Antia Custodia, Alberto Ouro, Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo, Juan Manuel Pias-Peleteiro, Helga E. de Vries, Jose Castillo, Tomas Sobrino
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex and unknown etiology. The two-hit vascular hypothesis suggests that brain vascular damage leads to the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein. Research has shown that endothelial progenitor cells play a significant role in understanding the disease etiology and developing potential therapies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sebok K. Halder, Richard Milner
Summary: In a recent study, it was found that hypoxia-induced vascular leak is greatly amplified in aged mice, and this may be due to delayed vascular remodeling response and reduced microglial vasculo-protection. Additionally, reducing microglial activation with minocycline can improve vascular integrity and reduce vascular leaks.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Colleen O'Connor, Eileen Brady, Ying Zheng, Erika Moore, Kelly R. Stevens
Summary: This Review discusses how materials advances have facilitated the development of vascular engineering approaches, driven by both technology and nature, to create vascular networks for various applications. It emphasizes the importance of understanding vascular structure and highlights new methods such as bioprinting, organoids and microfluidic systems for fabricating 3D vascular topologies at a cellular scale with lumen perfusion. The Review also highlights the remaining knowledge gaps and opportunities in this field.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Binbin Zhu, Yanling Zhou, Weijian Zhou, Chunqu Chen, Jianhua Wang, Shujun Xu, Qinwen Wang
Summary: This study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by modulating gut microbial dysbiosis. The results showed that EA treatment improved learning and spatial memory deficits in POCD patients and regulated the changes in intestinal flora. Additionally, EA treatment also relieved blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier dysfunction, thus reducing hippocampal inflammation.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jiani Bei, Ernesto G. Miranda-Morales, Qini Gan, Yuan Qiu, Sorosh Husseinzadeh, Jia Yi Liew, Qing Chang, Balaji Krishnan, Angelo Gaitas, Subo Yuan, Michelle Felicella, Wei Qiao Qiu, Xiang Fang, Bin Gong
Summary: This study found that exosomes from AD patients can cause dysfunction in brain endothelial cells by damaging adherens junction proteins. These findings highlight the significant role of circulating exosomes from AD patients in the progression of AD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)