A finite element approach for vector- and tensor-valued surface PDEs

We derive a Cartesian componentwise description of the covariant derivative of tangential tensor fields of any degree on Riemannian manifolds. This allows to reformulate any vector-and tensor-valued surface PDE in a form suitable to be solved by established tools for scalar-valued surface PDEs. We consider piecewise linear Lagrange surface finite elements on triangulated surfaces and validate the approach by a vector- and a tensor-valued surface Helmholtz problem on an ellipsoid. We experimentally show optimal (linear) order of convergence for these problems. The full functionality is demonstrated by solving a surface Landau-de Gennes problem on the Stanford bunny. All tools required to apply this approach to other vector- and tensor-valued surface PDEs are provided. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.