Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Nguyen Thi Bui, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Luong Duy Trinh, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in the environment in Vietnam. It found that the overall contamination rate of C. difficile was 24.5%, with the highest prevalence in pig farm and hospital soils. C. difficile was also found in pig feces and potato surfaces. These findings highlight the importance of environmental sources in the epidemiology of C. difficile infection in Vietnam.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Etienne Nzabarushimana, Haixu Tang
Summary: CDI is a GI infection that can be reversed through modulation of the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the diagnostic capabilities of the fecal microbiome on CDI, showing that the species/function composition of the gut microbiome has a robust diagnostic prediction of the disease. The impact of antibiotic therapy on CDI prediction was also assessed, with positive outcomes observed following successful FMT.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Makan Golizeh, Kaitlin Winter, Lucie Roussel, Marija Landekic, Melanie Langelier, Vivian G. Loo, Momar Ndao, Donald C. Vinh
Summary: This study aimed to discover host-derived fecal biomarkers associated with the severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The researchers identified A2MG, MMP-7, and A1AT as biomarkers in patients with CDI, which may define novel components of the host response that determine disease severity. In a mouse model, these biomarkers were also identified, highlighting their potential relevance in understanding CDI severity.
Article
Oncology
Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Phillip K. A. Agyeman, Robyn Loves, Elio Castagnola, Andreas H. Groll, Marianne van de Wetering, Catherine C. Aftandilian, Bob Phillips, Krishna M. Chirra, Christine Schneider, Lee L. Dupuis, Lillian Sung
Summary: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and clinical features of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric patients receiving cancer treatments, propose a definition of severe CDI, and determine risk factors for CDI outcomes. The study found that the clinical cure rate was 82.9% and recurrence rate was 9.6%. Initial oral vancomycin was significantly associated with a reduction in repeated new CDI episodes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Claire L. Ruben, Filip Pirsl, Seth M. Steinberg, Noa G. Holtzman, Laura Parsons-Wandell, Judy Baruffaldi, Lauren M. Curtis, Sandra A. Mitchell, Ana Zelic Kerep, Edward W. Cowen, Ann Berger, Galen O. Joe, Manuel B. Datiles, Jacqueline W. Mays, Steven Z. Pavletic
Summary: The severity and activity of cGVHD are associated with the risk of malignancy relapse, and traditional predictors of relapse after allo-HSCT do not seem to be prognostic.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jennifer Venhorst, Jos M. B. M. van der Vossen, Valeria Agamennone
Summary: The pathogenic bacteria Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens pose a major threat to human and animal health. The increasing antibiotic resistance has led to the pursuit of novel strategies to combat these infections, including the use of bacteriophages. However, there are limitations to the use of bacteriophages that need to be considered and further research is necessary to optimize their potential.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Britt Nibbering, Dale N. Gerding, Ed J. Kuijper, Romy D. Zwittink, Wiep Klaas Smits
Summary: Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium often resistant to antibiotics, is a leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide due to toxin production. Studies suggest that immune responses to non-toxin proteins may play an important role in protection against CDI in humans.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Farha Naz, William A. Petri
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant challenge to public health, designated as an urgent threat by the U.S. CDC. Recurrence is common in CDI patients, likely due to the use of antibiotics as primary treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune responses to CDI, as well as other factors influencing the disease, such as C. difficile toxins and the host microbiota. It also discusses therapeutic approaches and the status of immunization strategies for CDI.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Vanessa Lang, Katrin Gunka, Jan Rudolf Ortlepp, Ortrud Zimmermann, Uwe Gross
Summary: Nosocomial infections with Clostridioides difficile have emerged as a serious health threat. This study aimed to identify risk factors for C. difficile infection beyond the well-known factors. It found that regular consumption of proton pump inhibitors, low vegetable intake, and the use of the diuretic agent torasemid were additional risk factors for CDI.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jessica M. Chisholm, Papanin Putsathit, Thomas V. Riley, Su-Chen Lim
Summary: This study reveals the common presence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Western Australia, which are being released into the environment and becoming a potential source/reservoir for community-associated C. difficile infection (CA-CDI).
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mao Hagihara, Tadashi Ariyoshi, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Shuhei Eguchi, Seiya Higashi, Takeshi Mori, Tsunemasa Nonogaki, Kenta Iwasaki, Makoto Yamashita, Nobuhiro Asai, Yusuke Koizumi, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo
Summary: CBM 588 enhances the antibacterial activity against C. difficile, reduces colon epithelial damage, and improves immunity through upregulating pathogen specific immunoglobulin A and enhancing gut epithelial barrier function to protect colon tissue from CDI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ji-Eun Kwon, Sung-Hyun Jo, Won-Suk Song, Jae-Seung Lee, Hyo-Jin Jeon, Ji-Hyeon Park, Ye-Rim Kim, Ji-Hyun Baek, Min-Gyu Kim, Seo-Young Kwon, Jae-Seok Kim, Yung-Hun Yang, Yun-Gon Kim
Summary: This study developed an in vitro model to investigate the effects of C. difficile infection on host cells. The model confirmed the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and disaggregation of actin filaments caused by C. difficile infection. The study also identified gene upregulation and metabolic pathway inhibition in the early stage of infection.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Karla Cautivo-Reyes, Daniel R. Knight, Deborah Bowie, Benjamin Moreira-Grez, Andrew S. Whiteley, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: The high prevalence and diversity of Clostridium difficile in Australian soils suggest that soils play a role in the survival and dissemination of this organism, potentially contributing to its transmission among native wildlife, production animals, and in community and hospital settings.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
