Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
Volume 68, Issue 7, Pages 6453-6467Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2914457
Keywords
Automotive systems; blended; casual; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; electrified powertrains; energy management system; electronic control unit; hardware-in-the-loop; practical implementation; premeditated; real-life drive scenario; real-time; software-in-the-loop
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Funding
- Canada Excellence Research Chairs Program
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Energy management systems (EMSs), implemented in the electronic control unit (ECU) of an actual vehicle with electrified powertrain, are a much simpler version of the theoretically developed EMS. Such simplification is done to accommodate the EMS within the given memory constraint and computational capacity of the ECU. The simplification should ensure reasonable performance compared to theoretical EMS under real-life driving scenarios. The process of simplification must be effective to create a versatile and utilitarian EMS. Hence, it is comprised of rigorous analysis of results obtained from theoretical EMS under various driving scenarios. This review paper broadly categorizes most of the reported utilitarian EMSs into three major categories and discusses the processes of simplification associated with each category. The utilitarian EMSs are classified based on their dependence on either online computation or offline pre-computation or even both for spewing control decisions. The paper delineates the chronological steps of a utilitarian EMS development, starting from theoretical background, process of simplification, validation throughmodel-in-the-loop, software-in-the-loop, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, dynamometer test, and on-road performance validation. Future trends of on-board EMSs are also discussed before the conclusion.
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