Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
Volume 68, Issue 7, Pages 2387-2393Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2019.2908045
Keywords
Biopolymer; chitosan; heavy metal ions; lead; square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV); zinc
Funding
- Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) through Geo-Advanced Innovative Action Program [2016000540003]
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In this paper, a chitosan biopolymer-coated planar carbon electrode was developed for in situ determination of heavy metals (Zn2+ and Pb2+) using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The experimental conditions were optimized with respect to deposition time, amplitude, and frequency. With 300-s deposition time, the heavy metal stripping was conducted at 0.05-V pulse amplitude, 20-Hz pulse frequency, and 0.004-V square-wave step voltage in 0.1-M acetate buffer at pH 4.6. Two distinguished peaks were observed at -0.86 and -0.37 V, which are associated with the stripping of Zn2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.6 and 1 ppb for Zn2+ and Pb2+, respectively, and the relative standard deviations for repetitive measurements of Zn2+ and Pb2+ were in the range of 4.8%-5.4% (n = 30 with two identical electrodes). The chitosan biopolymer-coated carbon electrode was successfully applied for detecting Pb2+ in tap water, mining wastewater, and soil leachate, and showed a reliable performance for measuring heavy metals with acceptable reproducibility. Overall, the developed biopolymer-coated carbon electrode exhibited excellent representativeness and reproductivity for in situ multiheavy metal ions detection in spiked samples, holding a great promise for on-site testing of heavy metals in drinking water.
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