Article
Neurosciences
Haydeh Payami, Gwendolyn Cohen, Charles F. Murchison, Timothy R. Sampson, David G. Standaert, Zachary D. Wallen
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a rapidly growing neurological disorder with no known prevention methods. While intrinsic risk factors like age, sex, and genetics cannot be avoided, environmental factors can. This study suggests that repeated blows to the head in sports/combat may be a potential new risk factor. Approximately 23% of Parkinson's disease cases in females and 30% in males could be attributed to pesticide/herbicide exposure, military-related chemical exposures, and repeated blows to the head, highlighting the potential for prevention.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaojie Wang, Zhengmin (Min) Qian, Zilong Zhang, Miao Cai, Lan Chen, Yinglin Wu, Haitao Li, Echu Liu, Stephen Edward McMillin, Hualiang Lin
Summary: This study found that smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer, with a PAF of 63.73%. The study also observed additive interactions between smoking, PM2.5, NOx, and genetic risk. After adjusting for correlation, it was estimated that 73.46% of lung cancer cases could be attributable to modifiable risk factors.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Huijing He, Pei Guo, Jiangshan He, Jingbo Zhang, Yujie Niu, Shuo Chen, Fenghua Guo, Feng Liu, Rong Zhang, Qiang Li, Shitao Ma, Binbin Zhang, Li Pan, Guangliang Shan, Minying Zhang
Summary: The prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China, with significant differences between men and women. Overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sedentary behavior are important modifiable risk factors for hyperuricemia.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sooyoung Cho, Aesun Shin
Summary: The study estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of established risk factors for colorectal cancer in the Korean population. It found that changes in modifiable risk factors could prevent half of the colorectal cancer cases, highlighting the importance of cancer prevention policies.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Denise T. St Jean, Roberto Herrera, Claudia Perez, Lester Gutierrez, Nadja A. Vielot, Fredman Gonzalez, Yaoska Reyes, Christian Toval-Ruiz, Patricia Blandon, Oksana Kharabora, Natalie M. Bowman, Filemon Bucardo, Sylvia Becker-Dreps, Samuel Vilchez
Summary: Campylobacter infections, including both C. jejuni/coli and non-jejuni/coli species, significantly contribute to infant acute gastroenteritis in León, Nicaragua. Factors such as exposure to chickens in the home, previous AGE episodes, and poverty are independently associated with campylobacteriosis. Interventions to reduce all-cause AGE and contact with poultry may help decrease the burden of campylobacteriosis in this setting.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Dragioti, Joaquim Radua, Marco Solmi, Celso Arango, Dominic Oliver, Samuele Cortese, Peter B. Jones, Jae Il Shin, Christoph U. Correll, Paolo Fusar-Poli
Summary: This study quantifies the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders and finds that addressing several risk factors, particularly childhood adversities, can reduce the global population-level incidence of mental disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yukiko Nishihama, Shoji F. Nakayama, Takahiro Tabuchi
Summary: Multiple factors were found to be significantly associated with LBW, with factors such as parity, history of adenomyosis, hypertension disorder of pregnancy, maternal age at birth, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking, and lead exposure being identified as major risk factors. The study suggests that reducing lead exposure to the lowest quartile and eliminating maternal smoking could lead to a significant reduction in the number of LBW births.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kali Zhou, Tiffany Lim, Jennifer L. L. Dodge, Norah A. A. Terrault, Lynne R. R. Wilkens, V. Wendy Setiawan
Summary: Lifestyle factors are closely associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Modifying adverse lifestyle behaviors, particularly coffee intake, can have a substantial impact on the burden of HCC in diverse populations.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Bronwyn Brew, Alison Gibberd, Guy B. Marks, Natalie Strobel, Clare Wendy Allen, Louisa Jorm, Georgina Chambers, Sandra Eades, Bridgette McNamara
Summary: This study identified potentially preventable risk factors for hospitalised asthma in Australian Aboriginal children, with risk factors including hospitalisation for acute respiratory tract infection, area-level disadvantage, prematurity, and low birth weight. Improving care for pregnant Aboriginal women and Aboriginal infants with ARTI may help reduce the burden of asthma in the Indigenous population.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamal Sadeghi, Jalal Poorolajal, Amin Doosti-Irani
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) and their related population attributable fraction (PAF) in the marginal population of Markazi province, Iran. The study found that poor nutrition, secondhand smoke, smoking, lack of BCG vaccination, and diabetes are the main prevalent modifiable risk factors for TB.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark Lee, Eric Whitsel, Christy Avery, Timothy M. Hughes, Michael E. Griswold, Sanaz Sedaghat, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Thomas H. Mosley, Gerardo Heiss, Pamela L. Lutsey
Summary: A significant proportion of dementia cases in the US are associated with modifiable risk factors, especially for Black and Hispanic individuals. Targeting and reducing these risk factors may help curb the projected rise in dementia cases over the next several decades.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
You Wu, Hanseul Kim, Kai Wang, Mingyang Song, Molin Wang, Rulla Tamimi, Heather Eliassen, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Walter. C. Willett, Edward L. Giovannucci
Summary: Population attributable risk (PAR%) estimates of cancer have shown large variation across populations, methods, data sources, and timing of measurements. Comparisons of PAR% for postmenopausal breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study revealed higher estimates for repeated measurements compared to baseline measurements. The estimated PAR% of the combination of multiple risk factors was higher than the product of the individual PAR%.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Ke Liu, Yewen Yao, Weiwei Chen, Yingying Mao, Ding Ye, Chengping Wen
Summary: In the United States, hypertension, excess BMI, and high alcohol consumption are responsible for approximately 65% of gout incidence. Reducing exposure to these factors can effectively reduce the incidence of gout.
SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mi Ah Han, Eu Chang Hwang, Jae Hung Jung, Seo-Hee Kim, Sun Mi Park
Summary: This study aims to systematically summarize the PAF estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors in Korea. By analyzing published papers, the study will provide reference for strategies to reduce the burden of cancer in the population.
Article
Oncology
Yu-Chiao Wang, Ching-Hung Lin, Shih-Pei Huang, Mingchih Chen, Tian-Shyug Lee
Summary: Recent research has found a link between sedentary behavior, sugary drink consumption, and an increased risk of female breast cancer. The study suggests that modifying these risk profiles through lifestyle changes could help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in Taiwanese women.
Letter
Immunology
Emily Burger, Iacopo Baussano, Jane J. Kim, Jean-Francois Laprise, Johannes Berkhof, John T. Schiller, Karen Canfell, Kiesha Prem, Marc Brisson, Mark Jit, Ruanne Barnabas
Article
Oncology
Silvia Behar Harpaz, Marianne F. Weber, Stephen Wade, Preston J. Ngo, Pavla Vaneckova, Peter E. A. Sarich, Sonya Cressman, Martin C. Tammemagi, Kwun Fong, Henry Marshall, Annette McWilliams, John R. Zalcberg, Michael Caruana, Karen Canfell
Summary: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of implementing a lung cancer screening program in Australia. The results suggest that lung screening could be cost-effective in certain scenarios, contingent on translating trial results into clinical practice.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Petter Bjornstad, Lily C. Chao, Melanie Cree-Green, Allison B. Dart, Malcolm King, Helen C. Looker, Dianna J. Magliano, Kristen J. Nadeau, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Amy S. Shah, Daniel H. van Raalte, Meda E. Pavkov, Robert G. Nelson
Summary: The incidence and prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are increasing worldwide. Youth-onset T2DM has a more aggressive clinical course compared to adult-onset T2DM or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Limited treatment options are available for children and adolescents with T2DM, and complications such as increased albuminuria often develop in late childhood or early adulthood. The rising rates of childhood obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and exposure to diabetes during pregnancy are important factors contributing to the epidemic of youth-onset T2DM. Disadvantaged populations are particularly at risk, suggesting a contribution of social and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms behind youth-onset T2DM is crucial for prevention and management strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Maarit A. Laaksonen, Siqi E. Li, Karen J. Canfell, Robert J. E. MacInnis, Graham G. K. Giles, Emily Banks, Julie L. G. Byles, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw, Tiffany K. Gill, Vasant Hirani, Robert G. W. Cumming, Paul Mitchell, Michelle M. Bonello, Claire M. Vajdic, Barbara-Ann Adelstein, Anne W. Taylor, Kay Price
Summary: This study assessed the individual and joint contribution of contemporary factors to the future burden of oesophageal and stomach cancers in Australia, and found that smoking is the leading preventable cause for oesophageal cancers and overweight/obesity is the main cause for stomach cancers.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jedidiah Morton, Clara Marquina, Jonathan E. Shaw, Danny Liew, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Zanfina Ademi, Dianna J. Magliano
Summary: The use of SGLT2i is cost-effective based on cardiovascular and kidney benefits for people with type 2 diabetes, while the use of GLP-1 RA is not.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter A. Lazzarini, Susanna M. Cramb, Jonathan Golledge, Jedidiah I. Morton, Dianna J. Magliano, Jaap J. Van Netten
Summary: Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a major cause of hospital admissions and amputations. This review analyzed the incidence of hospital admissions for DFD conditions and diabetes-related amputations in representative populations. The findings suggest that hospital admission rates for DFD conditions are higher than amputation rates, and the hospital admission rates for DFD conditions are not decreasing in many populations. Consistent definitions and data from low- and middle-income countries should be included in future studies.
Article
Oncology
Sonya Cressman, Marianne F. Weber, Preston J. Ngo, Stephen Wade, Silvia Behar Harpaz, Michael Caruana, Alain Tremblay, Renee Manser, Emily Stone, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Deme Karikios, Cheryl Ho, Aleisha Fernandes, Jing Yi Weng, Annette McWilliams, Renelle Myers, John Mayo, John Yee, Ren Yuan, Henry M. Marshall, Kwun M. Fong, Stephen Lam, Karen Canfell, Martin C. Tammemagi
Summary: Using risk models as eligibility criteria for lung screening can reduce race and sex-based disparities. In this study, the economic impact of using the PLCOm2012 risk model or the USPSTF-2013 categorical age-smoking history-based criteria was compared. The PLCOm2012 model resulted in cost savings, increased Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), and mitigated socioeconomic and sex-based disparities in access to screening.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mary R. R. Rooney, Michael Fang, Katherine Ogurtsova, Bige Ozkan, Justin B. B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Edward J. J. Boyko, Dianna J. J. Magliano, Elizabeth Selvin
Summary: This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of prediabetes, defined as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose. The results show that although two-thirds of countries lack high-quality data, the global burden of prediabetes is substantial and increasing.
Article
Biology
Carolyn Nickson, Megan A. Smith, Eleonora Feletto, Louiza S. Velentzis, Kate Broun, Sabine Deij, Paul Grogan, Michaela Hall, Emily He, D. James St John, Jie-Bin Lew, Pietro Procopio, Kate T. Simms, Joachim Worthington, G. Bruce Mann, Karen Canfell, Talia Malagon
Summary: Australia introduced COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures and conducted a modelled evaluation of the impact of disruptions to cancer screening programmes. The findings showed that a 12-month screening disruption would reduce breast and colorectal cancer diagnoses, but increase cervical cancer diagnoses. Maintaining screening participation is critical to preventing an increase in the burden of cancer at a population level.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joanne Hedges, Sneha Sethi, Gail Garvey, Lisa J. Whop, Karen Canfell, Zell Dodd, Priscilla Larkins, Annika Antonsson, Megan A. Smith, Murthy Mittinty, Catherine Leane, Nicolas Reid, Eng H. Ooi, Xiangqun Ju, Richard Logan, Lisa Jamieson
Summary: This study aims to extend an Indigenous Australian adult cohort to monitor, screen, and prevent HPV-associated OPSCC. By conducting clinical examinations and collecting saliva samples, we hope to change the way OPSCC is managed among Indigenous adults and improve quality of life.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sneha Sethi, Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago, Gustavo Hermes Soares, Xiangqun Ju, Annika Antonsson, Karen Canfell, Megan Smith, Gail Garvey, Joanne Hedges, Lisa Jamieson
Summary: This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the HPV Knowledge Tool (HPV-KT) in an Indigenous population sample from South Australia. The results show that the HPV-KT exhibits good psychometric properties for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
Preston Ngo, Deme Karikios, David Goldsbury, Stephen Wade, Brett Hughes, Zarnie Lwin, Karen Canfell, Nick Pavlakis, Marianne Weber
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
Pavla Vaneckova, Stephen Wade, Michael Caruana, Preston Ngo, Silvia Behar Harpaz, Peter Sarich, Qingwei Luo, David Goldsbury, Elvin Cheng, Xue Qin Yu, Katherine Barron, Mei Ling Yap, Paul Grogan, Emily Banks, Kwung Fong, Henry Marshall, Deme Karikios, Nicole Rankin, Sonya Cressman, Martin Tammemagi, Annette McWilliams, Marianne Weber, Karen Canfell
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joachim Worthington, Emily He, Jie-Bin Lew, James St John, Christopher Horn, Paul Grogan, Karen Canfell, Eleonora Feletto
Summary: The objective and importance of this study is to assess and project colonoscopy use in Australia and determine the impact by examining the demand generated from the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP). The study found that the NBCSP accounts for a modest fraction of colonoscopy use in Australia, and a better understanding of colonoscopy use not associated with the NBCSP is needed to improve outcomes and ease service pressure.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH & PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
R. Quentin Grafton, John Parslow, Tom Kompas, Kathryn Glass, Emily Banks
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different levels of social distancing on public health and the economy during a 'second wave' outbreak in Australia and provided recommendations for the management of COVID-19. The results showed that stricter and earlier implementation of social distancing measures, as well as longer duration, led to better public health outcomes and lower economic costs. Early relaxation of suppression measures resulted in worse public health outcomes and higher economic costs.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)