Magnetic solid phase extraction based on mesoporous silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of biogenic amines in an Iranian traditional dairy product; Kashk

This study describes a simplified HPLC-UV method to determine four common biogenic amines (BAs) including Histamine, Cadaverine, Putrescine and Tyramine in a traditional Iranian salted dried yoghurt product known as Kashk. The BAs were simultaneously extracted and derivatized from 17 commercial and 28 traditional kashk samples using solid phase extraction based on magnetic mesoporous silica (m-MCM-41) nano-sorbent and ultra-sonication. The core-shell mesoporous material was characterized using TEM, VSM and BET techniques. Several parameters affecting extraction performance, including the extraction solvent, amount of mesoporous sorbent, contact time and back-extraction time, were investigated and optimized. Parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, and recovery were determined for all analytes in spiked samples under optimal conditions. High coefficient of determination over 0.993 were found for all analytes. The method recovery at three different concentrations ranged within 97.16-104.5%, 97.2-103.2% for standard and examined samples, respectively, suggesting acceptable analytical figures of merits for developed method in this study. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococci were also found to be responsible for abundance of BA in examined samples, emphasizing the need for implementing better hygienic supervision in traditional preparation for kashk.