Article
Clinical Neurology
Sue Peters, Keith R. Lohse, Tara D. Klassen, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Sean P. Dukelow, Mark T. Bayley, Michael D. Hill, Sepideh Pooyania, Jennifer Yao, Janice J. Eng
Summary: Cognitive deficits are common poststroke and cognitive rehabilitation is often used to improve them. This study aimed to determine whether a higher dose of exercise during inpatient rehabilitation can improve cognitive outcomes over a 1-year period poststroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Wang, Yuqing Song, Yueyue He, Shiyan Long, Ling Feng
Summary: This study aimed to explore the status and related factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of poststroke dysphagia among neurological nurses in China. A survey was conducted among 707 neurological nurses from 40 tertiary hospitals in Southwest China. The study found that the knowledge score of neurological nurses in poststroke dysphagia was relatively low, indicating a need for improvement. However, the attitude and practice scores were much better. Therefore, it is recommended that managers and nursing researchers provide effective training to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice of neurological nurses towards poststroke dysphagia, and ultimately improve patients' health outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marie-Claire Smith, Benjamin J. Scrivener, Cathy M. Stinear
Summary: This observational study investigated whether lower limb motor-evoked potentials 1 week post-stroke can predict recovery of independent walking at 3 and 6 months post-stroke. The results showed that the presence of lower limb motor-evoked potentials can predict independent walking at 3 and 6 months post-stroke, but clinical factors are more important.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Birgit Vahlberg, Erik Lundstrom, Staffan Eriksson, Ulf Holmback, Tommy Cederholm
Summary: Daily mobile phone text messages with guided training instructions for three months improved physical activity and overall mobility in stroke or TIA patients, with significant enhancements in walking performance and lower body strength.
CLINICAL REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yi Huang, Yongan Li, Haiyan Pan, Liyuan Han
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence and DALYs of neurological disorders worldwide. The highest incidence rates were observed in East Asia, tropical Latin America, Southern Latin America, and Western Europe. Control measures are needed to address the increasing incidence rates in China, Ecuador, and Italy.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Monica Parati, Matteo Gallotta, Beatrice De Maria, Annalisa Pirola, Matteo Morini, Luca Longoni, Emilia Ambrosini, Giorgio Ferriero, Simona Ferrante
Summary: This study discusses the use of smartphone applications to measure knee joint ROM during walking and tests the reliability, validity, and usability of the collected measurements. The results show that both applications have good reliability, validity, and usability, making them suitable for assessing knee ROM in neurological patients.
Article
Rehabilitation
Allison Miller, Ryan T. Pohlig, Tamara Wright, Hyosub E. Kim, Darcy S. Reisman
Summary: This study identified latent classes of survivors of chronic stroke using a mixture model and found significant differences in walking ability, psychosocial factors, environment, and cognition among these classes. The results indicated that real-world walking activity in survivors of stroke is influenced by multiple factors including walking ability, self-efficacy, cognitive function, and socioeconomic environment.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Caitlin Kennedy, Julie Bernhardt, Leonid Churilov, Janice M. Collier, Fiona Ellery, Venesha Rethnam, Lilian B. Carvalho, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Kathryn S. Hayward
Summary: This study investigated factors associated with independent walking recovery post-stroke using data from the AVERT trial. The results showed that older age, diabetes, severe stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and right hemisphere stroke were all linked to slower recovery of independent walking. Tailored mobilization programs targeting specific subgroups, particularly those with hemorrhagic and severe strokes, may be necessary for optimizing walking recovery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
David J. Clark, Dorian K. Rose, Katie A. Butera, Brooke Hoisington, Louis DeMark, Sudeshna A. Chatterjee, Kelly A. Hawkins, Dana M. Otzel, Jared W. Skinner, Evangelos A. Christou, Samuel S. Wu, Emily J. Fox
Summary: This study compared two post-stroke rehabilitation interventions on walking function and prefrontal cortical activity. The accurate adaptability and steady state walking interventions showed similar improvements in walking speed, but accurate adaptability training may reduce the demand on prefrontal resources during walking.
CLINICAL REHABILITATION
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Shannon B. Lim, Dennis R. Louie, Sue Peters, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lara A. Boyd, Janice J. Eng
Summary: Investigations into real-time brain activations during walking post-stroke have shown differences in brain activation compared to healthy individuals, with different components of gait leading to different brain activations. Asymmetrical activations during gait were closely related to performance asymmetry, while hyperactivations often decreased with walking interventions and improved walking performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brice T. Cleland, Sheila Schindler-Ivens
Summary: This study investigated the association between asymmetry during walking and impaired interlimb coordination. The results showed that patients with stroke exhibited asymmetry and impaired coordination compared to controls. There were significant correlations between asymmetry and impaired coordination, as well as between analogous measures across tasks. These findings have important implications for stroke rehabilitation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGIC PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kanika Bansal, David J. Clark, Emily J. Fox, Dorian K. Rose
Summary: This study found that poststroke forward walking speed is positively related to backward walking speed, but this relationship is influenced by individual perceived falls efficacy. People with lower falls efficacy can predict backward walking speed from forward walking speed, whereas as falls efficacy increases, backward walking speed becomes a separate construct from forward walking speed.
Article
Neurosciences
Oluwole O. Awosika, Dorothy Chan, Heidi J. Sucharew, Pierce Boyne, Amit Bhattacharya, Kari Dunning, Brett M. Kissela
Summary: The study investigated the effectiveness of backward locomotor treadmill training on post-stroke walking impairment patients and found that this training approach is safe and beneficial regardless of the severity of walking impairment in patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huixia Geng, Min Li, Jing Tang, Qing Lv, Ruiling Li, Lai Wang
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Rehabilitation exercise conducted 24 hours after a stroke can significantly improve neurological function, exercise ability, daily living ability, and quality of life. This study provides scientific evidence for the importance of rehabilitation in stroke patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard W. Nuckols, Chih-Kang Chang, Daekyum Kim, Asa Eckert-Erdheim, Dorothy Orzel, Lauren Baker, Teresa Baker, Nicholas C. Wendel, Brendan Quinlivan, Patrick Murphy, Jesse Grupper, Jacqueline Villalobos, Louis N. Awad, Terry D. Ellis, Conor J. Walsh
Summary: Chronic impairment in the paretic ankle following stroke often requires the use of compensatory patterns, such as asymmetric propulsion, for effective walking. Ankle exosuit assistance can provide biomechanical benefits, but practice in lab settings is limited. This study combines community training with exosuit assistance to improve gait training and rehabilitation.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Guillaume Turc, Pervinder Bhogal, Urs Fischer, Pooja Khatri, Kyriakos Lobotesis, Mikael Mazighi, Peter D. Schellinger, Danilo Toni, Joost de Vries, Philip White, Jens Fiehler
Summary: These guidelines, based on the standard operating procedure of the European Stroke Organisation, recommend mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with best medical management (BMM) to improve functional outcome in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) within 6 hours after symptom onset. They also provide details on prehospital management, patient selection, and treatment modalities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Eleonora Matteo, Michele Romoli, Calogero Calabro, Laura Piccolo, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Manuela Suserea, Sara Contardi, Silvia Stagni, Liliana Gabrielli, Stefano Forlivesi, Mirna Bassi, Morena Borsari, Chiara Sacripanti, Elena Merli, Federica Naldi, Keivan M. Kaveh, Annamaria Borghi, Elisabetta Magni, Luigi Simonetti, Carlo Descovich, Elisa Vegezzi, Matteo Gastaldi, Andrea Zini
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Francesco Diana, Michele Romoli, Giada Toccaceli, Aymeric Rouchaud, Charbel Mounayer, Daniele Giuseppe Romano, Francesco Di Salle, Paolo Missori, Andrea Zini, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Simone Peschillo
Summary: Emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) appears to be associated with better functional outcomes compared to no-stenting approach in patients with acute ischemic stroke and tandem occlusion. However, eCAS carries a higher risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manuel Cappellari, Valentina Saia, Giovanni Pracucci, Fabrizio Sallustio, Andrea Zini, Mauro Bergui, Cecilia Zivelonghi, Salvatore Mangiafico, Danilo Toni
Summary: This study aims to identify predictors of 3-month mRS score and evaluate the benefit from successful recanalization in stroke patients receiving endovascular treatments. The results show that the benefit from successful recanalization varies across baseline subgroups, with the greatest impact observed in patients with severe strokes, in those with proximal occlusion sites, in younger patients, and in those who start treatment earlier.
INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fabrizio Sallustio, Giovanni Pracucci, Manuel Cappellari, Valentina Saia, Alfredo Paolo Mascolo, Federico Marrama, Roberto Gandini, Giacomo Koch, Marina Diomedi, Federica D'Agostino, Alessandro Rocco, Valerio Da Ros, Andrea Wlderk, Marco Nezzo, Renato Argiro, Daniele Morosetti, Leonardo Renieri, Patrizia Nencini, Stefano Vallone, Andrea Zini, Guido Bigliardi, Antonio Pitrone, Francesco Grillo, Sandra Bracco, Rossana Tassi, Mauro Bergui, Andrea Naldi, Giuseppe Carita, Ilaria Casetta, Roberto Gasparotti, Mauro Magoni, Luigi Simonetti, Nicolo Haznedari, Matteo Paolucci, Nicola Mavilio, Laura Malfatto, Roberto Menozzi, Antonio Genovese, Mirco Cosottini, Giovanni Orlandi, Alessio Comai, Enrica Franchini, Alessandro Pedicelli, Giovanni Frisullo, Edoardo Puglielli, Alfonsina Casalena, Giacomo Cester, Claudio Baracchini, Davide Castellano, Alessandra Di Liberto, Giuseppe Kenneth Ricciardi, Luigi Chiumarulo, Marco Petruzzellis, Elvis Lafe, Alessandra Persico, Nicola Cavasin, Adriana Critelli, Vittorio Semeraro, Angelica Tinelli, Andrea Giorgianni, Federico Carimati, William Auteri, Stefano Rizzuto, Francesco Biraschi, Ettore Nicolini, Antonio Ferrari, Maurizio Melis, Stefano Calia, Tiziana Tassinari, Nunzio Paolo Nuzzi, Manuel Corato, Simona Sacco, Guido Squassina, Paolo Invernizzi, Ivan Gallesio, Luigi Ruiz, Giovanni Dui, Nicola Carboni, Pietro Amista, Monia Russo, Mario Maiore, Bastianina Zanda, Giuseppe Craparo, Marina Mannino, Domenico Inzitari, Danilo Toni, Salvatore Mangiafico
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of AIS patients with tandem occlusion (TO) treated with carotid artery stenting (CAS) during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). The results showed that CAS was associated with lower 3 months' mortality and higher rates of successful recanalization among TO-AIS patients.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Irene Escudero-Martinez, Magnus Thoren, Marius Matusevicius, Charith Cooray, Andrea Zini, Christine Roffe, Danilo Toni, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Peter Ringleb, Nils Wahlgren, Niaz Ahmed
Summary: This study aimed to determine the association between total cholesterol (TC) levels and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and cerebral edema (CED) after reperfusion therapies. The findings showed an independent association between low TC levels and higher odds of moderate/severe CED, while TC levels were not associated with other outcomes such as hemorrhage.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Luana Gentile, Giovanni Pracucci, Valentina Saia, Anne Falcou, Francesco Biraschi, Andrea Zini, Luigi Simonetti, Letizia Riva, Guido Bigliardi, Stefano Vallone, Patrizia Nencini, Nicola Limbucci, Marina Diomedi, Valerio Da Ros, Marco Longoni, Maria Ruggiero, Tiziana Tassinari, Luca Allegretti, Paolo Cerrato, Elisa Rubino, Mauro Bergui, Roberto Cavallo, Andrea Naldi, Chiara Comelli, Manuel Cappellari, Cecilia Zivelonghi, Mauro Plebani, Alessandro De Vito, Nicola Merli, Andrea Saletti, Rosa Fortunata Musolino, Ludovica Ferrau, Sergio Lucio Vinci, Simona Sacco, Berardino Orlandi, Federica De Santis, Pietro Filauri, Luigi Ruiz, Federica Nicoletta Sepe, Ivan Gallesio, Marco Petruzzellis, Luigi Chiumarulo, Davide Sangalli, Andrea Salmaggi, Marco Filizzolo, Jessica Moller, Maurizio Melis, Simone Comelli, Mauro Magoni, Nicola Gilberti, Roberto Gasparotti, Paolo Invernizzi, Marco Pavia, Vincenza Pinto, Salvatore Laspada, Simona Marcheselli, Daniele Ajello, Federica Viaro, Claudio Baracchini, Francesco Causin, Nicola Giannini, Maria Chiara Caselli, Michelangelo Mancuso, Mirco Cosottini, Umberto Scoditti, Roberto Menozzi, Monia Russo, Pietro Amista, Rosa Napoletano, Daniele Giuseppe Romano, Rossana Tassi, Sandra Bracco, Federico Carimati, Maurizio Versino, Andrea Giorgianni, Antonella De Boni, Antonio Fasano, Leonardo Barbarini, Adriana Paladini, Enrica Franchini, Elisa Dall'Ora, Alessio Comai, Frisullo Giovanni, Alessandro Pedicelli, Fabrizio Sallustio, Ilaria Casetta, Enrico Fainardi, Salvatore Mangiafico, Danilo Toni
Summary: In this study, the safety and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with heart failure (HF) were investigated. The results showed that MT was safe and effective in treating HF patients. Although the recovery rate was lower and the 3-month mortality rate was higher in HF patients, the study still supported the use of MT in HF patients.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Umberto Pensato, Stefano Forlivesi, Mauro Gentile, Michele Romoli, Lorenzo Muccioli, Francesca Ambrosi, Maria Pia Foschini, Carmine Gallo, Maria Sandra Ballestrazzi, Paolo Teutonico, Gianluca Faggioli, Mauro Gargiulo, Simone Galluzzo, Francesco Taglialatela, Luigi Simonetti, Andrea Zini
Summary: This study investigated the incidence and relationship between carotid free-floating thrombus (CFFT) and COVID-19. Among 853 ischemic stroke patients referred to the Stroke Centre, 5.7% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Six patients had CFFT, with two being COVID-19 positive. Prompt extraction of the floating thrombi was conducted with no complications. COVID-19 patients showed little or no atherosclerosis burden but had elevated D-dimer levels and extensive thrombus length. Therefore, COVID-19-induced immunothrombosis potentially played a significant pathogenic role in CFFT.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sebastiano Giacomozzi, Valentina Barone, Elena Merli, Sara Contardi, Fortuna Ricciardiello, Maria Pia Giannoccaro, Rocco Liguori, Andrea Zini
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manuel Cappellari, Giovanni Pracucci, Valentina Saia, Enrico Fainardi, Ilaria Casetta, Fabrizio Sallustio, Maria Ruggiero, Marco Longoni, Luigi Simonetti, Andrea Zini, Guido Andrea Lazzarotti, Nicola Giannini, Valerio Da Ros, Marina Diomedi, Stefano Vallone, Guido Bigliardi, Nicola Limbucci, Patrizia Nencini, Daniele Ajello, Simona Marcheselli, Nicola Burdi, Giovanni Boero, Sandra Bracco, Rossana Tassi, Andrea Boghi, Andrea Naldi, Francesco Biraschi, Ettore Nicolini, Lucio Castellan, Massimo Del Sette, Luca Allegretti, Annalisa Sugo, Orazio Buonomo, Cristina Dell'Aera, Andrea Saletti, Alessandro De Vito, Elvis Lafe, Federico Mazzacane, Mauro Bergui, Paolo Cerrato, Paola Feraco, Silvio Piffer, Raffaele Augelli, Federica Vit, Roberto Gasparotti, Mauro Magoni, Simone Comelli, Maurizio Melis, Roberto Menozzi, Umberto Scoditti, Nicola Cavasin, Adriana Critelli, Francesco Causin, Claudio Baracchini, Giuseppe Guzzardi, Roberto Tarletti, Pietro Filauri, Berardino Orlandi, Andrea Giorgianni, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Mariangela Piano, Cristina Motto, Ivan Gallesio, Federica Nicoletta Sepe, Giuseppe Romano, Maria Federico Grasso, Alfredo Pauciulo, Annalisa Rizzo, Alessio Comai, Enrica Franchini, Luigi Sicurella, Gianluca Galvano, Marina Mannino, Salvatore Mangiafico, Danilo Toni, IRETAS Grp
Summary: The study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with minor stroke and LVO in the anterior circulation treated with IVT plus MT within 4.5 hours versus IVT alone within 4.5 hours. The results showed that IVT plus MT was associated with unfavorable shift on 24-hour ICH types and higher rates of 24-hour PH and sICH compared with IVT alone. However, there was no difference between the groups on 3-month functional outcome measures.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katharina Seystahl, Nicolas Martinez-Majander, Alexander Salerno, Morin Beyeler, Hebun Erdur, Joao Pedro Marto, Christian Hametner, Marialuisa Zedde, Alessandro Pezzini, Ronen Leker, Valerian Altersberger, Gianluca Costamagna, Miguel Serodio, Ludovica Migliaccio, Rosario Pascarella, Andrea Zini, Laura Mannismaki, Yannick Bejot, Simon Jung, Henrik Gensicke, Visnja Padjen, Peter A. Ringleb, Christian Nolte, Mirjam R. Heldner, Patrik Michel, Stefan T. Engelter, Sami Curtze, Michael Weller, Susanne Wegener
Summary: This study analyzed data from the European TRISP collaboration to assess the frequency of symptomatic and fatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with intracranial tumors who underwent intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for suspected ischemic stroke. The results showed a potential high risk of symptomatic ICH in patients with tumors of the pituitary region and suggested that these findings could guide individual treatment decisions in this population.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maurizio Paciaroni, Valeria Caso, Michele Romoli, Cecilia Becattini, Alexander Salerno, Costanza Rapillo, Fanny Simonnet, Davide Strambo, Isabella Canavero, Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella, Sung-Il Sohn, Simona Sacco, Raffaele Ornello, Kristian Barlinn, Daniela Schoene, Jan Rahmig, Maria Giulia Mosconi, Ilaria Leone De Magistris, Andrea Alberti, Michele Venti, Giorgio Silvestrelli, Alfons Ciccone, Marina Padroni, Michele Laudisi, Andrea Zini, Luana Gentile, Odysseas Kargiotis, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Rossan Tassi, Francesca Guideri, Maurizio Acampa, Luca Masotti, Elisa Grifoni, Alessandro Rocco, Marina Diomedi, Theodore Karapanayiotides, Stefan T. Engelter, Alexandros A. Polymeris, Annaelle Zietz, Fabio Bandini, Pietro Caliandro, Giuseppe Reale, Marco Moci, Aurelia Zauli, Manuel Cappellari, Andrea Emiliani, Antonio Gasparro, Valeria Terruso, Marina Mannino, Elisa Giorli, Danilo Toni, Marco Andrighetti, Anne Falcou, Lina Palaiodimou, George Ntaios, Dimitrios Sagris, Efstathia Karagkiozi, Anastasia Adamou, Panagiotis Halvatsiotis, Yuriy Flomin, Umberto Scoditti, Antonio Genovese, Nemanja Popovic, Leonardo Pantoni, Francesco Mele, Nicola Molitierno, Piergiorgio Lochner, Alessandro Pezzini, Massimo Del Sette, Davide Sassos, Sotirios Giannopoulos, Maria Kosmidou, Evangelos Ntais, Enrico Maria Lotti, Vincenzo Mastrangelo, Alberto Chiti, Andrea Naldi, Peter Vanacker, Mario Ferrante, Vera Volodina, Michelangelo Mancuso, Nicola Giannini, Marco Baldini, Kostantinos Vadikolias, Sofia Kitmeridou, Carlo Emanuele Saggese, Tiziana Tassinari, Valentina Saia, Patrik Michel
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of mechanical heart valve (MHV) patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing full dose heparin along with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (bridging therapy group) and restarting VKA without heparin (nonbridging group). The results showed that patients in the bridging therapy group had a slightly higher risk of ischemic or hemorrhagic events compared to those in the nonbridging group.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giulio Francesco Romiti, Bernadette Corica, Marco Proietti, Davide Antonio Mei, Juliane Frydenlund, Arnaud Bisson, Giuseppe Boriani, Brian Olshansky, Yi-Hsin Chan, Menno V. Huisman, Tze-Fan Chao, Gregory Y. H. Lip
Summary: This study aims to analyze the risk of oral anticoagulant prescription, discontinuation, and adverse outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation, and finds that they have suboptimal thromboembolic risk management and specific risk profiles of adverse outcomes.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joanne Bayly, Hilde Hjelmeland Ahmedzai, Maria Grazia Blandini, Barbara Bressi, Augusto Tommaso Caraceni, Joana Carvalho Vasconcelos, Stefania Costi, Stefania Fugazzaro, Monica Guberti, Mai-Britt Guldin, May Hauken, Irene Higginson, Barry J. A. Laird, Julie Ling, Charles Normand, Lise Nottelmann, Line Oldervoll, Cathy Payne, A. Toby Prevost, Guro B. Stene, Elisa Vanzulli, Eduardo Veber, Guillaume Economos, Matthew Maddocks
Summary: This multinational trial aims to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a short-term palliative rehabilitation intervention for people with incurable cancer. Through comparative analysis, mixed-method evaluation, evidence synthesis, and Delphi consensus, the trial will contribute to the development of an international framework for palliative rehabilitation practice and policy.
PALLIATIVE CARE & SOCIAL PRACTICE
(2023)