Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 26, Issue 27, Pages 27726-27737Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05965-7
Keywords
EKC; CS-ARDL; OECD; CO2 emissions; Composite effect; Technology
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Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah [KEP-1-120-39]
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This study assesses environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis corroborating the role of scale, composite, and technology effects in OECD countries. To this end, we analyze the panel time series data from 1980 to 2017 using cross-sectional-autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL). We document that economic growth and carbon emissions follow a U-shaped relationship, contrary to the EKC hypothesis, which our analysis attributes to the substantial contributions of the industrial, manufacturing, and service sectors to GDP. Technological progress has a somewhat marginal impact in reducing carbon emissions through energy efficiency but is unable to validate the existence of EKC hypothesis.
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