Article
Thermodynamics
Hongjuan Hou, Jiwen Wu, Zeyu Ding, Bo Yang, Eric Hu
Summary: The performance and economics of a solar-assisted combined cooling, heating, and power system depend on the system's structure, operation strategy, and choice of facility capacity. An improved operation strategy called best operation condition point (BOCP) strategy was proposed and applied in this study. A case study of an apartment building in Guangzhou was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed system, showing significant energy-saving benefits.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ling-Ling Li, Sheng-Jie Zheng, Ming-Lang Tseng, Yu-Wei Liu
Summary: This study proposes a novel operation strategy named following the state of thermal storage tank (FST) to enhance the economic, energy and environmental performance of combined cooling, heating and power system. A system incorporating thermal storage tanks, batteries, micro turbines and photovoltaic generation units is built to assess the performance of different strategies. By using a multi-objective seagull optimization algorithm (MOSOA), the study achieves optimal solutions for economic, energy and environmental objectives simultaneously, highlighting the superiority of FST strategy over other strategies.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhou, Jiangjiang Wang, Fuxiang Dong, Yanbo Qin, Zherui Ma, Yanpeng Ma, Jianqiang Li
Summary: This paper proposes a novel operational strategy for CCHP systems by analyzing system flexibility and evaluating design and operational performance using a flexibility index. A multi-objective optimization model is constructed to improve the economic performance and flexibility of the system.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hongkun Li, Weidong Zheng, Tongyu Dai, Qiao Zhu, Weiqun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the application range and essential difference of the hybrid electric-thermal load operation strategy in CCHP systems. The results show that the electric load operation strategy is better than the thermal load operation strategy in terms of energy saving, economy, and environment when a large amount of heat is required. However, when electricity demand is high, the thermal load operation strategy can minimize energy loss. To achieve the best performance, the gas-to-electricity price ratio and the gas-to-electricity environmental impact ratio must exceed the efficiency of the power generation unit.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Zhang, Yan Deng, Zimin Zheng, Yao Yao, Yicai Liu
Summary: This paper aims to enhance the overall performance of the CCHP-GSHP system by using a battery to propose a new operation strategy. The power generation unit has two modes, non-operation and rated efficiency operation, controlled by the storage electricity battery. Compared with the traditional CCHP-GSHP system without a battery, the new operation strategy yields better performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yacob Gebreyohannes Hiben, Mulu Bayray, Johan Lauwaert
Summary: Integrating solar thermal collectors into industrial processes can achieve economic and environmental goals by replacing conventional fuels. A TRNSYS-based dynamic statistical optimization model was developed to evaluate FPC-based solar-assisted heating systems for MOHA soft drinks and Sheba leather factories in Ethiopia. The optimized designs resulted in significant cost savings, high solar fractions, and a good margin on temperature trends.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Chen, Ming Pan
Summary: This paper introduces a novel superstructure CCHP system and uses deterministic modeling and optimization methods for CCHP operations, which outperforms traditional stochastic algorithms like Genetic Algorithm in adhering to demand constraints. Case studies demonstrate that the superstructure CCHP system achieves greater energy savings in large energy demand scenarios compared to single-structure CCHP systems.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yan Deng, Yicai Liu, Rong Zeng, Qianxu Wang, Zheng Li, Yu Zhang, Heng Liang
Summary: A novel operation strategy for ground source heat pump system is proposed to improve its comprehensive performance; by introducing start factors, the cooling and heating start load rates can be controlled, enhancing the system efficiency; the performance of this operation strategy is superior to traditional strategy in different seasons.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiangjiang Wang, Yuan Zhou, Xutao Zhang, Zherui Ma, Yuefen Gao, Boxiang Liu, Yanbo Qin
Summary: This study proposes a life cycle assessment-based optimization model for hybrid solar-assisted CCHP system, aiming to reduce environmental impacts through multi-objective optimization with robustness considerations. Partially covered collectors can lower environmental impact by optimizing system configurations and energy compositions, making them more cost-effective and feasible.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiangjiang Wang, Zepeng Han, Yi Liu, Xutao Zhang, Zhiheng Cui
Summary: This study proposes a system that integrates multiple solar energy technologies to improve energy utilization efficiency, and conducts thermodynamic performance analysis in cooling and heating modes. The results show that the system's performance varies under different solar irradiation and power load ratios. Compared to traditional systems, the proposed system shows better performance in energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions reduction.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sara Borhani, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Peyman Pourmoghadam, Mahmoud Omid
Summary: The goal of this research is to study a trigeneration solar system that can meet household energy demands. A reliable network is trained to forecast the system's functionality under different weather conditions, replacing the time-consuming simulation process. The research shows that warm regions like Ahwaz province have the most suitable weather conditions to effectively utilize the system.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nan Zhang, Liqiang Duan, Chang Huang, Hongjuan Hou, Gang Yu, Zeyu Ding, Jianhua Wang, Jie Qu
Summary: The study focuses on the dynamic model, operation strategies, and performance of integrated solar combined-cycle (ISCC) systems under varying meteorological conditions. Results indicate that the ISCC system with a heat storage system is more stable and secure during operation compared to systems without heat storage.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lanhua Liu, Ruilin Wang, Yuhao Wang, Wenjia Li, Jian Sun, Yafei Guo, Wanjun Qu, Weiling Li, Chuanwen Zhao
Summary: The introduction of solar thermal energy and thermal energy storage can improve the performance and economy of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems. This study proposes a CCHP system integrated with solar thermal energy and thermal energy storage, which outperforms traditional systems in terms of performance and reduces the equivalent levelized cost of electricity through capacity adjustments and optimized operation strategies.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pengfei Jie, Zhe Li, Yang Hu, Chunhua Liu, Yanli Ren
Summary: This study integrates solar energy with biomass gasification combined cooling, heating, and power (BGCCHP) system and optimizes the solar-assisted hybrid BGCCHP (SAHB) system to maximize its energetic, economic, and environmental benefits. The SAHB system outperforms the typical separated production (TSP) system in terms of energy, economy, environment, and comprehensive aspects. Among the biomass materials, corn straw yields the best performance. Sensitivity analysis shows that biomass price and gasification efficiency have the most significant impact on system performance.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Roger Vila, Ingrid Martorell, Marc Medrano, Albert Castell
Summary: Radiative cooling technology can be combined with solar heating to reduce energy consumption, with the device needing to switch between different wavelength ranges, an adaptive cover can enhance performance.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Minnan Wu, Hongwei Cao, Haiyang Liu, Haining Wang, Jiabin Lv, Rui Rong, Junzhou He
Summary: This study found that Bioaerosol Particles in air were an important source of contamination on murals, and used computational fluid dynamics to study the influence of visitor walking speed on airflow and Bioaerosol Particles distribution in a typical open tomb. Results showed that Bioaerosol Particles migrated around the visitor while walking, contaminating the murals, and the number of deposited particles was positively correlated with walking speed.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haiyang Liu, Zhijian Liu, Yongxin Wang, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study investigated the factors affecting the evaporation and dispersion of droplets in an isolation ward using numerical simulation and validated the results with experimental data. The findings indicate that small droplets can be transmitted through the air in the isolation ward, while large droplets quickly deposit due to gravity. Ventilation rate has a significant impact on droplet diffusion.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Li, Bowen Liu, Zhijian Liu, Yumeng Xiao, Hongmin Guo, Zehao An, Lidong Wang, Tony D. James
Summary: Solar steam generation is an efficient solution to address freshwater shortages. Researchers have developed a porous hydrogel material for metal ion adsorption, which can be used for solar steam generation at a high evaporation rate. Additionally, a heat management strategy involving a cold surface is proposed to enhance water evaporation.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xuqiang Shao, Zhijian Liu, Siqi Zhang, Zijia Zhao, Chenxing Hu
Summary: This paper proposes a novel physics-informed graph neural network for rapid predicting urban wind field based on irregular unstructured mesh data of CFD simulation. The proposed model can predict wind fields of arbitrary large-scale urban scenes with significantly faster computation speed compared to traditional CFD models.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhijian Liu, Jihao Wei, Guikai Zhang, Dewang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Weijie Yang, Chongchong Wu, Ian D. Gates
Summary: For human safety, efficient removal of formaldehyde in indoor environments is crucial. A metal-organic framework-based single-atom iron catalyst (Fe-SA) is proposed as a potential catalyst for formaldehyde oxidation. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the adsorption characteristic and reaction path of Fe-SA with different coordination environments were explored. Fe-SA with 5-nitrogen coordination (Fe-SA-N-5-C) was selected and tested, showing a formaldehyde removal efficiency of 85.8% at 25 degrees C and 75% relative humidity, surpassing current data. Moisture was found to enhance catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde, indicating the practical applicability and stability of Fe-SA-N-5-C.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Mo Zhang, Junzhou He, Guoqing Cao
Summary: Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to longer patient stays and higher hospital costs. Airborne microbe-carrying particles, mainly released from the surgical team, are a major cause of SSIs. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the amount of aerosol particles and microorganisms emitted by surgical staff. This study conducted experiments in a full-size operating room to evaluate four garment systems and nine movement combinations, presenting emission rates of particles and microorganisms as well as microbiome analysis by the surgical staff. Skin exposure areas and movement intensity significantly affect microbial and particle emissions. The findings contribute to the effective prevention of SSIs.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaoli Ma, Yufeng Zhang, Zhonghe Han, Ningbo Zang, Zhijian Liu
Summary: The paper presents a performance modelling of a thermoelectric air conditioning system that utilizes high power heat sinks to effectively remove waste heat and increase COPs. The system provides heating, cooling, and heat recovery ventilation, and the waste heat can be used for domestic drying services. The results showed that using high power heat sinks and an air mixture of room ventilation air and outdoor air can significantly improve the cooling and heating COPs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhijian Liu, Peiwen Zhang, Haiyang Liu, Junzhou He, Yabin Li, Guangpeng Yao, Jia Liu, Meng Lv, Wenhui Yang
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of the oral spray suction machine (OSSM) in protecting healthcare providers from exposure to bioaerosols during dental treatment. The results show that the use of OSSM significantly reduces the concentration of bioaerosols, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhijian Liu, Juntao Ma, Jiabin Lv, Yongxin Wang, Junzhou He, Guangpeng Yao, Guoqing Cao
Summary: In this study, experiments were conducted in a full-size negative-pressure operating room using Phi-X174 phage as a bioaerosol release source to investigate the migration and deposition of bioaerosols. The results showed that the high concentration of bioaerosols in the operating room was mainly concentrated in the vortex region below the medical lamp, and the surgical staff had high bioaerosol concentrations at their facial sampling points. This research can be used as a scientific reference for controlling bioaerosols and determining key disinfection parts in a negative-pressure operating room.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhijian Liu, Hongwei Cao, Chenxing Hu, Minnan Wu, Siqi Zhang, Junzhou He, Chuan Jiang
Summary: The dispersion and deposition dynamics of bioaerosols around a vaccine factory were investigated under various thermal conditions and leakage rates. The improved Wells-Riley equation and Dijkstra's algorithm were used to assess infection risk and predict evacuation paths. The results show that bioaerosol deposition can reach 80 m on the windward sidewall of high-rise buildings, and the infection risk increases with unstable thermal stratification and higher leakage rates. This study provides a promising approach for infection risk assessment and evacuation planning in urban bioaerosol leakage emergencies.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhijian Liu, Jiaqi Chu, Zhenzhe Huang, Haochuan Li, Xia Xiao, Junzhou He, Weijie Yang, Xuqiang Shao, Haiyang Liu
Summary: The new "physics-machine learning" (P-ML) method utilizes a lightweight, single-layer LSTM model to accurately calculate bioaerosol trajectories with some transferability. This method has significant potential for expediting trajectory calculation and prediction in enclosed environments.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Yongjun Jin, Zhijian Liu, Chenxing Hu, Zhijian Dong, Rui Rong, Haiyang Liu, Zhenyu Liang, Jingwei Liu, Li Chen, Minghua Huang, Haihang Cui, Yan Shen
Summary: The frequency characteristics of lung sounds are important for the noninvasive diagnosis of respiratory diseases. This study investigates the fluid flow characteristics and frequency characteristics of rales in the bronchi using a three-dimensional geometric model. The results show that bronchial blockage and sputum movement affect the turbulence and vortex shedding of the flow, resulting in changes in the dominant frequency and sound pressure level of the rales.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuqiang Shao, Zijia Zhao, Zhijian Liu, Haokang Yang, Chenxing Hu
Summary: In this study, the diffusion process of chlorine gas in a chemical laboratory and nearby urban areas in Beijing was numerically studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled with the open source OpenFOAM software platform. A dose-response model was used to assess chlorine lethality and exposure risk at the pedestrian level. An improved ant colony algorithm was applied to predict the evacuation path. The results demonstrated the combined effects of temperature, wind speed, and wind direction on the diffusion of toxic gases, providing valuable insights for exposure risk assessment and evacuation planning in the event of urban toxic gas leakage.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haiyang Liu, Zhijian Liu, Junzhou He, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong, Hao Han, Lingyun Wang, Desheng Wang
Summary: This study investigated the performance of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission in a hospital isolation environment. The results showed that higher percentage of virus could be inactivated by the upper-room UVGI at a lower ventilation rate, and the rate of improvement of UVGI elimination effect slowed down with the increase of irradiation flux. Increasing irradiation height at lower ventilation rate was more effective in improving the UVGI performance than the increase in irradiation flux at smaller irradiation height.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhijian Liu, Haochuan Li, Jiaqi Chu, Zhenzhe Huang, Xia Xiao, Yongxin Wang, Junzhou He
Summary: Airborne transmission is a common way of spreading infectious diseases, especially in closed environments. However, the impact of background particle concentration on bioaerosol characteristics has been overlooked in previous research. In this study, we compared the distributions of bioaerosols under heavily polluted and excellent background particle concentrations. The results showed a significant reduction in bioaerosol concentration and a higher decay rate under heavily polluted levels. The study also found differences in the size distribution of bioaerosols between the two levels of background particle concentration.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengcheng Zhao, Jingang Wang, Liming Sun, Yun Li, Haiting Xia, Wei He
Summary: The production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis is crucial for renewable energy utilization and decarbonization. This research explores the optimal electrode configuration and system design of compactly-assembled industrial electrolyzer. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial application of water electrolysis equipment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
V. Baiju, P. Abhishek, S. Harikrishnan
Summary: Thermally driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) have gained attention as an eco-friendly solution for water scarcity. However, they face challenges related to low water productivity and scalability. To overcome these challenges, integrating ADS with other desalination technologies can create a small-scale hybrid system. This study proposes integrating ADS with a Thermo Electric Dehumidification (TED) unit to enhance its performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. X. He, Y. H. Liu, X. Y. Huang, S. B. Wan, Q. Chen, J. Sun, T. S. Zhao
Summary: A decentralized centroid multi-path RC network model is constructed to improve the temperature prediction accuracy compared to traditional RC models. By incorporating multiple heat flow paths and decentralizing thermal capacity, a more accurate prediction is achieved.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaoying Li, Meng Wang, Nana Li, Di Gu, Chao Yan, Dandan Yuan, Hong Jiang, Baohui Wang, Xirui Wang
Summary: There is an urgent need to shift away from heavy dependence on fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources, particularly in the energy-intensive oil refining process. This study presents an innovative concept called the Solar Oil Refinery, which applies solar energy in oil refining. A solar multi-energies-driven hybrid chemical oil refining system that utilizes solar pyrolysis and electrolysis has been developed, significantly improving solar utilization efficiency, cracking rate, and hydrogen yield.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Ma, Guanghui Wang, Dingbiao Wang, Xu Peng, Yushen Yang, Xinxin Liu, Chongrui Yang, Jiaheng Chen
Summary: This study proposes a bio-inspired fish-tail wind rotor to improve the wind power efficiency of the traditional Savonius rotor. Through transient simulations and orthogonal experiments, the key factors affecting the performance are identified. A response surface model is constructed to optimize the power coefficient, resulting in an improvement of 9.4% and 6.6% compared to the Savonius rotor.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sina Bahmanziari, Abbas-Ali Zamani
Summary: This paper proposes a new framework for improving electrical energy harvesting from piezoelectric smart tiles through a combination of magnetic plucking, mechanical impact, and mechanical vibration force mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in energy yield and average energy harvesting time compared to other mechanisms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nanjiang Dong, Tao Zhang, Rui Wang
Summary: This study establishes a multiobjective mixed-variable configuration optimization model for a comprehensive combined cooling, heating, and power energy system, and proposes an efficient generating operator to optimize this model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmed E. Mansy, Eman A. El Desouky, Tarek H. Taha, M. A. Abu-Saied, Hamada El-Gendi, Ranya A. Amer, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study aims to convert office paper waste into bioethanol through a sustainable pathway. The results show that physiochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the waste can yield a high glucose concentration. The optimal conditions were determined using the Box-Behnken design, and a blended membrane was used for ethanol purification.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sven Klute, Marcus Budt, Mathias van Beek, Christian Doetsch
Summary: Heat pumps are crucial for decarbonizing heat supply, and steam generating heat pumps have the potential to decarbonize the industrial sector. This paper presents the current state, technical and economic data, and modeling principles of steam generating heat pumps.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Le Zhang, To-Hung Tsui, Yen Wah Tong, Pruk Aggarangsi, Ronghou Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of a current-carrying-coil-based magnetic field in promoting anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The results show that the applied magnetic field increases methane yield, decreases carbon dioxide production, and reduces the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Microbial community analysis reveals the enrichment of certain methanogenic genera and enhanced metabolic pathways. Pilot-scale experiments confirm the technical effectiveness of the magnetic field assistance in enhancing anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bo Chen, Ruiqing Ma, Yang Zhou, Rui Ma, Wentao Jiang, Fan Yang
Summary: This paper presents an advanced energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicles, focusing on speed planning and energy allocation. By utilizing predictive co-optimization control, this strategy ensures safe inter-vehicle distance and minimizes energy demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing fuel cell degradation cost and overall operation cost.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabio Fatigati, Roberto Cipollone
Summary: Organic Rankine Cycle-based microcogeneration systems that use solar sources to generate electricity and hot water can help reduce CO2 emissions in residential energy-intensive sectors. The adoption of a recuperative heat exchanger in these systems improves efficiency, reduces thermal power requirements, and saves on electricity costs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lipeng He, Renwen Liu, Xuejin Liu, Xiaotian Zheng, Limin Zhang, Jieqiong Lin
Summary: This research proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (PEHEH) for low-frequency wave motion and self-sensing wave environment monitoring. The PEHEH shows promising power output and the ability to self-power and self-sense the wave environment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shangling Chu, Yang Liu, Zipeng Xu, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen, Dan Gao
Summary: This paper studies a distributed energy system integrated with solar and natural gas, analyzes the impact of different parameters on its energy utilization and emissions reduction, and obtains the optimal solution through an optimization algorithm. The results show that compared to traditional separation production systems, this integrated system achieves higher energy utilization and greater reduction in carbon emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingpu Li, Yaqi Ding, Guangming Chen, Yongmei Xuan, Neng Gao, Nian Li, Xinyue Hao
Summary: This paper proposes and studies a piston-type thermally-driven pump with a structure similar to a linear compressor, aiming to eliminate the high-quality energy consumption of existing pumps and replace mechanical pumps. The coupling mechanism of working fluid flow and element dimension is analyzed based on force analysis, and experimental data analysis is used to determine the pump operation stroke. Theoretical simulation is conducted to analyze the correlation mechanism of the piston assembly. The research shows that the thermally-driven pump can greatly reduce power consumption and has potential for industrial applications.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)