Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chris Moran, Stephanie Than, Michele Callisaya, Richard Beare, Velandai Srikanth
Summary: As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive dysfunction rises with age, clinicians are faced with managing older individuals with both conditions. The association between T2D and cognitive dysfunction has led to an increased interest in exploring the potential causal role of T2D in cognitive decline and dementia. Recent advancements in research methods allow for a better understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved in T2D-related cognitive dysfunction, guiding clinical recommendations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Przezak, Weronika Bielka, Andrzej Pawlik
Summary: Hypertension and hyperglycemia often coexist and are strongly associated with diabetes and cardiovascular risk. It is crucial to find the missing link between the development of hypertension and diabetes, and to find drugs that can effectively treat both disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Stanislava Rakusanova, Tomas Cajka
Summary: This article reviews the current analytical methods for analyzing type 2 diabetes (T2D) medication in human and animal samples. The advantages and limitations of sample preparation, separation, and detection of these drugs are discussed. The importance of multi-targeted analytical methods and assessing T2D medication adherence is emphasized.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Summary: This study did not find a significant effect of vildagliptin on dementia risk, as no significant results were observed in either the unmatched or matched cohort.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Adam H. Dyer, Isabella Batten, Conor Reddy, Liam Townsend, Conor P. Woods, Desmond O'Neill, James Gibney, Sean P. Kennelly, Nollaig M. Bourke
Summary: Midlife type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, with altered inflammatory responses being a possible mechanism. However, peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome responses may not be altered during the early stages of cognitive dysfunction in midlife type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Review
Cell Biology
Chang Guo, Li Zhao, Yanyan Li, Xia Deng, Guoyue Yuan
Summary: Sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie diets increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, while exercise and diet control are important treatment options. FGF21 plays a crucial role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and its elevated levels in obesity and diabetes can be used as predictors of diabetes. Clinical antidiabetic drugs can decrease FGF21 levels, potentially improving FGF21 sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carlos A. Celis-Morales, Stefan Franzen, Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Emma Naucler, Ann-Marie Svensson, Soffia Gudbjornsdottir, Bjorn Eliasson, Naveed Sattar
Summary: This study suggests that there is an association between type 2 diabetes and different subtypes of dementia, with the strongest association observed for vascular dementia. Additionally, poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing vascular and nonvascular dementia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose A. Luchsinger, Naji Younes, Jennifer J. Manly, Joshua Barzilay, Willy Valencia, Mary E. Larkin, Corinna Falck-Ytter, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Rodica Pop-Busui, Hermes Florez, Elizabeth Seaquist
Summary: In individuals with type 2 diabetes and a mean duration of <5 years, lower LDL levels and statin use were associated with slightly better executive cognitive function. SBP levels between 120-139 mmHg and DBP levels between 80-89 mmHg were also related to slightly better executive function.
Review
Cell Biology
Francesca Mancinetti, Dionysios Xenos, Michelantonio De Fano, Alessio Mazzieri, Francesca Porcellati, Virginia Boccardi, Patrizia Mecocci
Summary: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals, and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk. Recent studies have shown that some anti-diabetic drugs can regulate brain metabolism, reduce inflammation, and have neuroprotective effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a newer class of drugs with potential neuroprotective effects.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lorelei Ayala-Guerrero, Paola Garcia-delaTorre, Sergio Sanchez-Garcia, Kioko Guzman-Ramos
Summary: This study evaluated the value of GFAP as a peripheral biomarker of central dysfunction. The results showed higher levels of serum GFAP in patients with NCD compared to the control group. GFAP levels and T2D were identified as good predictors of NCD risk. This suggests that peripheral GFAP could be used as an objective measurement of central damage and help in the assessment and treatment of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Liyang Jia, Shiqiong Huang, Boyu Sun, Yongguang Shang, Chunsheng Zhu
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, often leading to other cardiometabolic risk factors and diabetes-related death. While lifestyle intervention and antidiabetic drugs have been proposed for T2DM management, issues like side effects and drug resistance remain unresolved. The emerging field of pharmacomicrobiomics examines the interplay between the gut microbiome and drug response or toxicity. Increasing evidence supports the gut microbiome as a target for improving drug efficacy and safety through composition manipulation. This review explores the distinct gut microbiome composition in T2DM, its role in disease development, and the potential for personalized treatments utilizing pharmacomicrobiomics.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa, Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, which can negatively impact the cardiovascular system and mental health. Lifestyle modifications and physical exercise training are essential in preventing T2DM development and improving associated complications. Exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM patients, with the myokine irisin being a relevant mechanism of action.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Noah Leibold, James R. Bain, Florin Despa
Summary: Type-2 diabetes is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and the conversion to dementia from mild cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms connecting the two remain unclear. Amylin, a hormone co-secreted with insulin, is implicated in both satiation regulation and the formation of amyloid in the pancreas. It also interacts with amyloid beta pathology in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting a potential role in neuronal metabolic remodeling.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bang Zheng, Bowen Su, Sara Ahmadi-Abhari, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Elio Riboli, Lefkos Middleton
Summary: A study conducted in the UK found that type 2 diabetes patients who were treated with metformin had a lower risk of dementia. The risk was even lower for patients who used metformin for a longer duration.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ishanka P. Munugoda, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Karen Wills, Guoqi Cai, Stephen E. Graves, Michelle Lorimer, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Michele L. Callisaya, Dawn Aitken, Graeme Jones
Summary: This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and time to total hip replacements (THR) and total knee replacements (TKR). The findings suggest that participants with a higher SES had a longer time to THR compared to those with a lower SES. However, this association may be mediated by factors such as pain and radiographic osteoarthritis.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Dawn B. Simpson, Kim Jose, Coralie English, Seana L. Gall, Monique Breslin, Michele L. Callisaya
Summary: Through studying stroke survivors and their carers, we found that education, risk communication, life participation, and social influences are important factors influencing stroke survivors' physical activity and sedentary time. Stroke survivors and carers need a clearer understanding of the role of physical activity and should build confidence and skills for self-management before discharge.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Saliu A. Balogun, Velandai Srikanth, Guusje van der Leeuw, Michele L. Callisaya
Summary: Pain at multiple sites is associated with an increased risk of falls among older people in the community, regardless of whether the pain is localized or widespread. Older adults with multisite pain may have a significantly elevated risk of multiple falls.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Susan Hunter, Michele Callisaya, Katherine Lawler
Summary: This study explored the experiences of physiotherapy students on working with people with dementia during their clinical placements. The results showed that physiotherapy students need continual education and development in dementia care, and also revealed the inequities faced by people with dementia in receiving excellent physiotherapy care.
PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Timothy P. Siejka, Velandai K. Srikanth, Ruth E. Hubbard, Chris Moran, Richard Beare, Amanda G. Wood, Taya A. Collyer, Siddhanth Gujjari, Thanh G. Phan, Michele L. Callisaya
Summary: This study examined the effect of frailty on cognitive decline and found that frailty is associated with early cognitive dysfunction. Measuring frailty may help identify the risk of cognitive decline.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pamela Chen, Michele Callisaya, Karen Wills, Timothy Greenaway, Tania Winzenberg
Summary: Higher educational attainment and better cognition are associated with better health literacy among people with diabetes; older age and diabetes distress have negative effects on health literacy; clinicians and policy makers should pay attention to these factors to improve diabetes outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taya A. Collyer, Anne M. Murray, Robyn L. Woods, Elsdon Storey, Trevor T-J Chong, Joanne Ryan, Suzanne G. Orchard, Amy Brodtmann, Velandai K. Srikanth, Raj C. Shah, Michele L. Callisaya
Summary: The study aims to examine the associations between dual decline in gait speed and cognition (global, memory, processing speed, and verbal fluency) with the risk of dementia.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Than, Chris Moran, Taya A. Collyer, Richard J. Beare, Emma M. Lane, Amanda J. Vincent, Wei Wang, Michele L. Callisaya, Russell Thomson, Thanh G. Phan, Alex Fornito, Velandai K. Srikanth
Summary: This study explored the impact of sex, menopause, and cardiometabolic health on brain structure and cognitive performance during midlife. Results showed that individuals could be classified into eight latent classes based on age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk. The relationship between age and brain volumes varied by sex, menopausal status, and cardiometabolic health profile.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Oshadi Jayakody, Aishwarya Kirubasankar, Taya Collyer, Velandai K. Srikanth, Michele L. Callisaya
Summary: This study examined the association between daily step count and falls risk in older people. The results showed that in those with lower step count, poorer executive function, slower gait speed, and lower steps per day were associated with increased falls risk. In those with higher step count, only mood was associated with increased falls risk. Therefore, considering daily step count is important when assessing falls risk in older individuals.
JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Riona Mc Ardle, Khalid Abdul Jabbar, Silvia Del Din, Alan J. Thomas, Louise Robinson, Ngaire Kerse, Lynn Rochester, Michele Callisaya
Summary: This systematic review explores the role of habitual physical activity (HPA) in individuals with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), highlighting the use of digital technology for objective measurement of HPA. The review reveals limitations in standardization of methods, protocols, and metrics, as well as the lack of longitudinal research and associations between HPA metrics and clinically meaningful outcomes. Recommendations include validation of methods, development of a core set of clinically meaningful HPA outcomes, and further investigation of socioecological factors influencing HPA participation in individuals with cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Laura Jolliffe, Nadine E. Andrew, Velandai Srikanth, Richard Beare, Kate E. Noeske, David A. Snowdon
Summary: This study aims to explore staff perceptions of barriers and enablers towards implementing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in community rehabilitation and develop an implementation approach. The results highlight the importance of automating processes, engaging site champions, routinely reporting, and using PROM data to inform service provision.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kaylee D. D. Rudd, Katherine Lawler, Michele L. L. Callisaya, Jane Alty
Summary: Upper limb motor function has the potential to serve as a biomarker for cognitive impairment, distinguishing it from normal aging. However, there is still uncertainty regarding which assessments should be used. This review examined the methods used and explored the associations between upper limb function and cognitive impairment. The study found that slower speed, more errors, and greater variability in upper limb movement were generally associated with cognitive impairment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Suzanne G. Orchard, Galina Polekhina, Joanne Ryan, Raj C. Shah, Elsdon Storey, Trevor T. -J. Chong, Jessica E. Lockery, Stephanie A. Ward, Rory Wolfe, Mark R. Nelson, Christopher M. Reid, Anne M. Murray, Sara E. Espinoza, Anne B. Newman, John J. McNeil, Taya A. Collyer, Michele L. Callisaya, Robyn L. Woods
Summary: This study suggests that slow gait and weakened grip strength are independently associated with the risk of dementia and cognitive decline, and when combined, they provide a more accurate prediction of risk.
ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING
(2022)
Correction
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Oshadi Jayakody, Helena M. Blumen, Monique Breslin, Emmeline Ayers, Richard B. Lipton, Joe Verghese, Michele L. Callisaya
Meeting Abstract
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jarin Herson, Velandai Srikanth, Stephanie Than, Richard Beare, Sarah Sayed, Taya A. Collyer, Michele Callisaya, Alex Fornito, Chris Moran
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING
(2022)