Review
Immunology
Ahmed Elkashif, Marwa Alhashimi, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Suresh K. Mittal
Summary: The development of new vaccine strategies is urgently needed to address the challenges posed by the emergence of new viruses due to global population growth and environmental changes. Adenovirus-based vaccine platforms offer a promising solution to meet the broad immune needs in pandemic situations.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Bahaa Abu-Raya, Paolo Bonanni, Fabianne Cahn-Sellem, Katie L. Flanagan, Federico Martinon Torres, Asuncion Mejias, Simon Nadel, Marco A. P. Safadi, Arne Simon
Summary: Routine childhood vaccinations are vital for protecting children from serious diseases, and active vaccinations in infants are highly effective. However, some important viral pathogens, such as RSV, do not yet have approved vaccines. The introduction of anti-viral monoclonal antibodies, like nirsevimab, into pediatric vaccine schedules could potentially offer additional protection for infants against RSV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Elke Jordan, Golam Kabir, Stephanie Schultz, Guenter Silbernagl, Darja Schmidt, Victoria A. Jenkins, Heinz Weidenthaler, Daria Stroukova, Barbara K. Martin, Laurence De Moerlooze
Summary: MVA-BN-RSV vaccination reduces viral load and symptom scores, decreases the number of confirmed infections, and induces humoral and cellular immune responses against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Corey L. Campbell, Trey K. Snell, Susi Bennett, John H. Wyckoff, Darragh Heaslip, Jordan Flatt, Emma K. Harris, Daniel A. Hartman, Elena Lian, Brian H. Bird, Mark D. Stenglein, Richard A. Bowen, Rebekah C. Kading
Summary: The study showed that DDVax had significantly lower infection rates in mosquitoes and could not be transmitted between mosquitoes. Although infectious virus could be isolated from the bodies of mosquitoes fed on goats inoculated with DDVax or MP-12, the number of DDvax-positive mosquitoes was significantly reduced. Furthermore, DDVax did not disseminate to the legs and wings of mosquitoes fed on goats.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Vivek P. Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Mansi Athalye, Palak K. Parikh, Abu Sufiyan Chhipa, Snehal Patel, Vasso Apostolopoulos
Summary: This paper discusses the potential of replicating viral vectors as vaccine carriers for SARS-CoV-2. Despite being the third member of human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a much wider range of transmission compared to previous coronaviruses. Although there is a possibility of zoonotic origin, no animal originated coronavirus similar to the initial edition of SARS-CoV-2 has been identified so far.
Article
Immunology
Napun Sutharattanapong, Sansanee Thotsiri, Surasak Kantachuvesiri, Punlop Wiwattanathum
Summary: This study reports the impact of inactivated and viral vector vaccines on preventing severe disease and death in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection in Thailand. The results showed that vaccination significantly decreased mortality and even partial vaccination provided some protection against death.
Article
Immunology
Vadim Ivanov, Antonius G. P. Oomens, James F. Papin, Rachel Staats, Darlene N. Reuter, Zhongxin Yu, Pedro A. Piedra, Robert C. Wellliver
Summary: RSV is a major viral respiratory pathogen for infants and children, with no licensed vaccine available. A vaccine has been developed using a human RSV strain with the M protein gene deleted, preventing viral replication. Vaccination led to reduced illness signs and viral replication in infected animals, supporting further development for human use.
Article
Immunology
Elke Jordan, Steven J. Lawrence, Thomas P. H. Meyer, Darja Schmidt, Stephanie Schultz, Jutta Mueller, Daria Stroukova, Brigitte Koenen, Robert Gruenert, Guenter Silbernagl, Sanja Vidojkovic, Liddy M. Chen, Heinz Weidenthaler, Nathaly Samy, Paul Chaplin
Summary: The study showed that the MVA-BN-RSV vaccine could effectively increase neutralizing and total antibody levels in adults aged 55 and above after a single dose, while also inducing a broad cellular immune response. The antibody response post-vaccination remained elevated for at least 6 months, with a booster dose at 12 months further enhancing immune responses. No significant safety concerns were identified with the vaccine.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
C. Green, J. McGinley, C. Sande, S. Capone, S. Makvandi-Nejad, A. Vitelli, L. Silva-Reyes, S. Bibi, C. Otasowie, D. Sheerin, A. Thompson, C. Dold, P. Klenerman, E. Barnes, L. Dorrell, C. Rollier, A. Pollard, D. O'Connor
Summary: In this immunological study, cohorts of healthy younger and older adults were immunized with an adenovirus-vectored RSV vaccine either intramuscularly or intranasally. Differential gene expression was observed in blood samples after intramuscular prime vaccination, but not after intranasal prime vaccination. Intranasally primed participants showed more gene expression changes upon boosting. The gene expression changes mainly involved immune-related biological processes.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tino F. Schwarz, Casey Johnson, Christine Grigat, Dan Apter, Peter Csonka, Niklas Lindblad, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Feng F. Gao, Hui Qian, Antonella N. Tullio, Ilse Dieussaert, Marta Picciolato, Ouzama Henry
Summary: This first-in-human, placebo-controlled study showed that the unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine, at doses of 30, 60, or 120 μg, was well tolerated and immunogenic. Dose levels of 60 and 120 μg exhibited significantly higher immunogenicity compared to the 30 μg dose, leading to further investigation in pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sushmita Kumari, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Qinfeng Huang, Phillip Gauger, Marcelo Nunes De Almeida, Yuying Liang, Hinh Ly, Hiep L. X. Vu
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using rPICV as a viral vector to deliver HA antigen and protect pigs against IAV-S challenge. The results demonstrated that the rPICV-H3 vectored vaccine elicited protective immunity against IAV-S.
Article
Immunology
Ruth A. Karron, Cindy Luongo, Suzanne Woods, Jennifer Oliva, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz, RSVPed Team
Summary: RSV/6120/& UDelta;NS2/1030s is a candidate live vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus that induces immune response but may cause rhinorrhea. It is suitable for RSV-seronegative children aged 6-24 months.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Isabel Leroux-Roels, Marc Van Ranst, Corinne Vandermeulen, Carline Vanden Abeele, Nathalie De Schrevel, Bruno Salaun, Celine Verheust, Marie-Pierre David, Shady Kotb, Veronica Hulstrom
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immune responses of a third dose of an investigational vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults aged 60-80 years. The results showed that the third dose of the vaccine was well tolerated and induced a good immune response in older adults.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ruth A. Karron, Jessica E. Atwell, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Coleen K. Cunningham, Petronella Muresan, Charlotte Perlowski, Jennifer Libous, Stephen A. Spector, Ram Yogev, Mariam Aziz, Suzanne Woods, Kimberli Wanionek, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: This study analyzed data from seven phase 1 trials of live-attenuated RSV vaccines and found that vaccine regimens that induced neutralizing antibody responses in >= 80% of vaccinees provided protection against RSV-associated diseases and primed for potent anamnestic responses upon natural exposure to wild-type RSV. Recipients of vaccines with a greater than or equal to fourfold increase in RSV serum neutralizing antibody following vaccination were strongly protected against RSV-MAARI and RSV-MAALRI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Somsri Wiwanitkit, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Summary: This correspondence discusses the awareness, risk perception, and causes of respiratory syncytial virus. It also points out important limitations and possible future research directions.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jordan R. Barrett, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Christina Dold, Katie J. Ewer, Pedro M. Folegatti, Ciaran Gilbride, Rachel Halkerston, Jennifer Hill, Daniel Jenkin, Lisa Stockdale, Marije K. Verheul, Parvinder K. Aley, Brian Angus, Duncan Bellamy, Eleanor Berrie, Sagida Bibi, Mustapha Bittaye, Miles W. Carroll, Breeze Cavell, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Nick Edwards, Amy Flaxman, Michelle Fuskova, Andrew Gorringe, Bassam Hallis, Simon Kerridge, Alison M. Lawrie, Aline Linder, Xinxue Liu, Meera Madhavan, Rebecca Makinson, Jack Mellors, Angela Minassian, Maria Moore, Yama Mujadidi, Emma Plested, Ian Poulton, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Hannah Robinson, Christine S. Rollier, Rinn Song, Matthew D. Snape, Richard Tarrant, Stephen Taylor, Kelly M. Thomas, Merryn Voysey, Marion E. E. Watson, Daniel Wright, Alexander D. Douglas, Catherine M. Green, Adrian V. S. Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah Gilbert, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The study demonstrates that a booster dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is safer and better tolerated than priming doses. The booster dose significantly enhances anti-spike neutralizing antibody titers and other functional antibody responses. These data support the two-dose vaccine regime currently being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Chloe Bloom, Thomas M. Drake, Annemarie B. Docherty, Brian J. Lipworth, Sebastian L. Johnston, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Gail Carson, Jake Dunning, Ewen M. Harrison, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Paul Cullinan, Peter J. M. Openshaw
Summary: This study analyzed data from patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in England, Scotland, and Wales from January 17 to August 3, 2020. The findings showed that patients with asthma were more likely to receive critical care, while patients with chronic pulmonary disease were less likely. In older patients, inhaled corticosteroid use reduced mortality rates in asthma patients but not in those with chronic pulmonary disease.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Corinna A. Kulicke, Erica De Zan, Zeynep Hein, Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez, Swapnil Ghanwat, Natacha Veerapen, Gurdyal S. Besra, Paul Klenerman, John C. Christianson, Sebastian Springer, Sebastian M. Nijman, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Mariolina Salio
Summary: The MR1-MAIT cell axis is involved in various diseases, and this study discovered that ATP13A1 in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key factor in MR1 surface expression.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Timothy Donnison, Joey McGregor, Senthil Chinnakannan, Claire Hutchings, Rob J. Center, Pantelis Poumbourios, Paul Klenerman, Heidi E. Drummer, Eleanor Barnes
Summary: This study aims to develop a vaccine that can generate both viral-specific B-cell and T-cell responses concurrently to target multiple HCV genotypes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Paola Cicconi, Charlotte Wells, Blanka McCarthy, Susan Wareing, Monique Ingrid Andersson, Julie Fox, Julianne Lwanga, Nisha Pal, Fiona Burns, Clare Woodward, Ramona Malek, Caroline Anne Sabin, Lucy Dorrell
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of HR-HPV in WLWH in the UK and the feasibility and acceptability of HR-HPV self-sampling in this group. The results showed no cases of HR-HPV infection among the participants. Most participants reported adherence to annual cervical cancer screening.
Review
Immunology
Hema Mehta, Martin Joseph Lett, Paul Klenerman, Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich
Summary: MAIT cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes abundant in humans, especially in the liver, that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by responding to bacterial metabolites presented by MR1. They possess a wide array of cytokine receptors, enabling them to respond independently of TCR. This distinctive cell type plays a role not only in infection or inflammation, but also in maintaining homeostasis and could have therapeutic implications in liver diseases.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Helen Ratcliffe, K. S. Tiley, Nick Andrews, Gayatri Amirthalingam, I Vichos, E. Morey, N. L. Douglas, S. Marinou, Emma Plested, Parvinder Aley, Eva P. Galiza, Saul N. Faust, S. Hughes, Clare S. Murray, Marion Roderick, Fiona Shackley, Sam J. Oddie, Tim Lees, D. P. J. Turner, M. Raman, Stephen Owens, Paul Turner, H. Cockerill, J. Lopez Bernal, E. Linley, Ray Borrow, Kevin Brown, Mary Elizabeth Ramsay, M. Voysey, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: The objective of this study was to understand the community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. The study found that approximately one-third of participants aged 15-18 years old had evidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 prior to the introduction of widespread vaccination. Furthermore, ethnic background was found to be independently associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Correction
Immunology
Hema Mehta, Martin Joseph Lett, Paul Klenerman, Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Hema Mehta, Irene Tasin, Carl Philipp Hackstein, Christian Willberg, Paul Klenerman
Summary: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a type of innate-like T-cell that is conserved in many mammals and abundant in humans. They have a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes riboflavin intermediates associated with microbial metabolism. MAIT cell activation can be triggered by cytokines and is highly sensitive to local soluble mediators. Prostaglandins can potentially modulate the functions of MAIT cells in vivo, with distinct effects on TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways of activation.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Prabhjeet Phalora, Paul Klenerman
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Paul Klenerman
Summary: T cells can recognize conventional or unconventional ligands and exhibit innate-like features and independent responses in an antigen-dependent or -independent manner. Unconventional T cells, such as MAIT cells, show innate-like features and respond independently of their T cell receptors (TCRs), while conventional T cells, such as T(MIC) cells, also exhibit innate-like behavior. The abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules or to mount TCR-independent responses create unique niches for these T cells.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wojciech Barczak, Simon M. M. Carr, Geng Liu, Shonagh Munro, Annalisa Nicastri, Lian Ni Lee, Claire Hutchings, Nicola Ternette, Paul Klenerman, Alexander Kanapin, Anastasia Samsonova, Nicholas B. B. La Thangue
Summary: PRMT5, an over-expressed protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) in various cancers, plays a role in regulating the non-coding genome by affecting long non-coding (lnc) RNA gene expression. Additionally, inhibiting PRMT5 or adjusting E2F1 levels alters the repertoire of lncRNA-derived peptide antigens displayed by tumor cells and lncRNA-derived peptides can induce a potent antigen-specific CD8 T lymphocyte response when used as a cancer vaccine.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Juan Carlos Lopez-Rodriguez, Steven J. Hancock, Kelin Li, Stefania Crotta, Christopher Barrington, Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet, Simon L. Priestnall, Jeffrey Aube, Andreas Wack, Paul Klenerman, Jose A. Bengoechea, Patricia Barral
Summary: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the lungs are important for host defense against infections. This study demonstrates that MAIT cell activation during bacterial pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is independent of MR1 and driven by type I interferons (IFNs). Type I IFNs stimulate the activation and effector functions of MAIT cells and play a central role in their response to Klebsiella infection. This finding suggests that targeting type I IFNs could be a strategy to manipulate MAIT cell functions during bacterial infections.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lucy C. Garner, Ali Amini, Michael E. B. FitzPatrick, Martin J. Lett, Gabriel F. Hess, Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich, Nicholas M. Provine, Paul Klenerman
Summary: Garner et al. analyzed the single-cell transcriptome and TCR repertoire of matched blood and liver, and resting and activated, human MAIT cells. They identify donor-specific TCR repertoires shared across tissues and a transcriptome that is largely homogeneous at rest, but highly adaptive to different tissue and stimulation environments.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tamsin Cargill, Paola Cicconi, Anthony Brown, Louise Holland, Benaka Karanth, Kathryn Rutkowski, Emily Ashwin, Reena Mehta, Senthil Chinnakannan, Sarah Sebastian, Louise Bussey, Henrik Sorensen, Paul Klenerman, Thomas Evans, Eleanor Barnes
Summary: This study assesses the safety and immunogenicity of the therapeutic vaccine ChAdOx1-HBV in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). Vaccination with ChAdOx1-HBV was shown to be safe and induced high magnitude T cell responses in healthy volunteers and lower levels of responses in patients with CHB. The findings support the development of ChAdOx1-HBV as part of a wider therapeutic strategy to achieve functional cure for hepatitis B.