Journal
CEREBELLUM
Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages 1064-1097Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5
Keywords
Cerebellum; Neurostimulation; Neuromodulation; DBS; Non-invasive therapy; Optogenetics
Categories
Funding
- Baylor College of Medicine (BCM)
- Texas Children's Hospital
- BCM IDDRC Grant from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U54HD083092]
- National Institutes of Mental Health [R01MH112143]
- National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [R01NS089664, R01NS100874]
- NINDS Intramural Program
- NIH [R01-NS062876, P50-NS098685]
- American Parkinson's Disease Association Advanced Center for Parkinson's Research
- NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs [OD P51-OD011132]
- National Institutes of Health: NINDS [K08 NS083738, R01 NS104423, R01 NS094607, R01 NS085136, R01 NS073872, R01 NS088257]
- Parkinson's Foundation
- Brain Research Foundation
- International Essential Tremor Foundation
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
- AbbVie
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Biogen
- Bucksbaum Institute of Clinical Excellence (University of Chicago)
- Claire O'Neil Essential Tremor Research Fund (Yale University)
- FNRS Belgium
- MEXT, Japan [25119005, 17H03539, 18H05523]
- Mercator Research Center Ruhr [Mercur Pr-2015-0019]
- German Research Foundation [SFB1280, 316803389, DFG TI239/16-1]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H03539, 25119005, 18H05523] Funding Source: KAKEN
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [ZIANS002669] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the cerebellum towards different brain functions is underscored by its involvement in a diverse and increasing number of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions including ataxia, dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Although there are no cures for these conditions, cerebellar stimulation is quickly gaining attention for symptomatic alleviation, as cerebellar circuitry has arisen as a promising target for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation. This consensus paper brings together experts from the fields of neurophysiology, neurology, and neurosurgery to discuss recent efforts in using the cerebellum as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most advanced techniques for manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans and animal models and define key hurdles and questions for moving forward.
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