Article
Biology
Qiang Wang, Jin Deng, Jianhui Sun, Huacai Zhang, Di Liu, Chu Gao, Jinchao Qiu, Wenyi Liu, Guoxin Qu, Dalin Wen, Juan Du, Anqiang Zhang, Ling Zeng, Jianxin Jiang
Summary: Studies have shown that CP-673451, a PDGFR kinase inhibitor, may effectively treat sepsis by inhibiting lymphocyte chemotaxis and reducing cytokine storm.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
John Choi, Ravi Medikonda, Laura Saleh, Timothy Kim, Ayush Pant, Siddhartha Srivastava, Young-Hoon Kim, Christina Jackson, Luqing Tong, Denis Routkevitch, Christopher Jackson, Dimitrios Mathios, Tianna Zhao, Hyerim Cho, Henry Brem, Michael Lim
Summary: Clinical trials using anti-PD-1 in GBM patients did not show improved overall survival, possibly due to the presence of alternative checkpoints like BTLA. However, a combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-BTLA demonstrated increased long-term survival in a murine GBM model by impacting immune cell populations and reducing regulatory T cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chenqu Suo, Emma Dann, Issac Goh, Laura Jardine, Vitalii Kleshchevnikov, Jong-Eun Park, Rachel A. Botting, Emily Stephenson, Justin Engelbert, Zewen Kelvin Tuong, Krzysztof Polanski, Nadav Yayon, Chuan Xu, Ondrej Suchanek, Rasa Elmentaite, Cecilia Dominguez Conde, Peng He, Sophie Pritchard, Mohi Miah, Corina Moldovan, Alexander S. Steemers, Pavel Mazin, Martin Prete, Dave Horsfall, John C. Marioni, Menna R. Clatworthy, Muzlifah Haniffa, Sarah A. Teichmann
Summary: This study used single-cell genomics to decode the development of the human immune system during prenatal stages, revealing new cell types and the timing of immune function acquisition. The findings have important implications for cell engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease understanding.
Review
Microbiology
Elena Charpentier, Sandie Menard, Catherine Marques, Antoine Berry, Xavier Iriart
Summary: This review examines the host's immune response in Pneumocystis pneumonia, discussing the differences in immune reactions and pathophysiology between immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy C. Cheung, Shane Atwell, Lisa Bafetti, Paulina Delgado Cuenca, Karen Froning, Jorg Hendle, Michael Hickey, Carolyn Ho, Jiawen Huang, Ricky Lieu, Stacie Lim, David Lippner, Victor Obungu, Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh, Kenneth Weichert, Carl F. Ware, Andrew C. Vendel
Summary: We report the development and structural characterization of three humanized BTLA agonist antibodies, 22B3, 25F7, and 23C8. The crystal structures of the antibody-BTLA complexes show distinct and non-overlapping epitopes of BTLA. Among them, 22B3 mimics HVEM binding to BTLA and exhibits the strongest agonistic activity in functional cell assays and in an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis.
Review
Immunology
Zhaochen Ning, Keyan Liu, Huabao Xiong
Summary: BTLA is an important cosignaling molecule that induces immunosuppression by inhibiting B and T cell activation and proliferation. Its association with HVEM bridges the CD28 and TNFR families, mediating various physiological and pathological processes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mingan Li, Lin Zhou, Xiaohui Sun, Yunqi Yang, Ce Zhang, Tian Wang, Fenghua Fu
Summary: Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter that not only plays a role in maintaining physiological function and neurological diseases, but also acts as an immunomodulatory mediator. Immune cells express dopamine receptors, synthesize and secrete dopamine to regulate immune function. dopamine receptors agonists or antagonists can improve immune system dysfunction through various signaling pathways.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michelle E. Wakeley, Brandon E. Armstead, Chyna C. Gray, Elizabeth W. Tindal, Daithi S. Heffernan, Chun-Shiang Chung, Alfred Ayala
Summary: The study found that HVEM expression increased on leukocytes after severe injury in mice and patients, but this increase was not directly associated with the severity of injury. In the low severity model, co-expression of HVEM and BTLA increased at later time points, suggesting a temporal evolution of this mechanism. Increased co-expression on non-proliferating CD3(+) lymphocytes and associated TNF-alpha level increases suggest that post-critical illness co-expression is associated with developing immune suppression.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jing Peng, Xueying Yao, Chunyan Yuan, Xiaoli Liu, Renxiang Xia, Jian He, Rui Li, Yunqing Yao
Summary: This study investigated the potential mechanism and therapeutic potential of hepatitis B vaccine immunotherapy for occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) patients. The results showed that hepatitis B vaccine significantly increased the levels of hepatitis B surface antibodies in patients and had a significant impact on the number of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and CD8(+) T lymphocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Caroline Stienne, Richard Virgen-Slane, Lisa Elmen, Marisol Veny, Sarah Huang, Jennifer Nguyen, Elizabeth Chappell, Mary Olivia Balmert, Jr-Wen Shui, Michelle A. Hurchla, Mitchell Kronenberg, Scott N. Peterson, Kenneth M. Murphy, Carl F. Ware, John R. Sedy
Summary: The Btla inhibitory receptor is involved in regulating metabolism and cytokine signaling, and plays a role in humoral immunity. It affects the numbers of Tfh cells and GC B cells in lymphocytes, and loss of Btla leads to altered Treg homeostasis and microbial imbalance in the intestine.
Article
Immunology
Yuanfeng Xu, Yanan Yang, Jinbin Zheng, Zhaoxia Cui
Summary: In this study, a novel VLR gene, VLR2, was discovered in an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, and the longest isoform, VLR2-L, specifically responds to Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, VLR2 isoforms with short LRRs regions tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay reveals the pluralistic antibacterial effects of VLR2 isoforms on bacteria, which have not been reported in invertebrates. The diversity and specificity of VLR2 are attributed to alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Annika Wiedemann, Marie Lettau, Sarah Y. Weissenberg, Ana-Luisa Stefanski, Eva-Vanessa Schrezenmeier, Hector Rincon-Arevalo, Karin Reiter, Tobias Alexander, Falk Hiepe, Andreia C. Lino, Thomas Dorner
Summary: The study revealed reduced BTLA expression on CD27(-)IgD(+) naive B cells from SLE patients, associated with disease activity, and impaired function. BTLA engagement was found to control CpG/TLR9 activation limiting plasmablast and B cell memory induction, but these functions were compromised in SLE B cells. Inhibition of SYK mimicked the effects of BTLA activity in vitro, suggesting a potential therapeutic principle for SLE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huiming Tang, Shuang Qin, Zhanfei Li, Wei Gao, Manli Tang, Xijie Dong
Summary: This study investigates the early immune system changes in patients with septic shock. A total of 243 patients were included, classified as survivors or nonsurvivors. Tests were performed to examine immune system function. Neutrophil counts, infection biomarkers, and cytokines increased significantly in septic shock patients, while lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulin levels, and complement protein levels decreased. Nonsurvivors had higher levels of certain cytokines but lower levels of immunoglobulins and lymphocyte counts. Low immunoglobulin or complement concentrations and low lymphocyte or CD4+ T cell counts were independent risk factors for mortality.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Grao-Cruces, Soledad Lopez-Enriquez, Maria E. Martin, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
Summary: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are heterogeneous lipoproteins that can modify their composition and functions depending on physiological or pathological conditions. Their main roles include cholesterol efflux, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant functions, but may be compromised under pathological conditions. HDLs play a role in the immune system as anti-inflammatory molecules, but their composition changes when inflammation occurs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Garry Dolton, Cristina Rius, Md Samiul Hasan, Aaron Wall, Barbara Szomolay, Enas Behiry, Thomas Whalley, Joel Southgate, Anna Fuller, Theo Morin, Katie Topley, Li Rong Tan, Philip J. R. Goulder, Owen B. Spiller, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Lucy C. Jones, Thomas R. Connor, Andrew K. Sewell
Summary: This study examined the CD8 T cell response against a specific epitope of the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and found that a specific mutation was not recognized by the majority of HLA A*02(+) convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals. This highlights the potential problem of viral escape at prevalent T cell epitopes restricted by high frequency HLAs and suggests the inclusion of multiple viral proteins in next generation vaccines. Monitoring T cell escape in new SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christoph Binder, Giuseppe Danilo Norata
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tian X. Zhao, Muhammad Aetesam-Ur-Rahman, Andrew P. Sage, Saji Victor, Rincy Kurian, Sarah Fielding, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Yi-Da Chiu, Christoph J. Binder, Mikel Mckie, Stephen P. Hoole, Ziad Mallat
Summary: The use of Rituximab in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) appears to be safe and has a substantial impact on circulating B-cell subsets. These findings provide important new insights on the feasibility and pharmacodynamics of Rituximab in acute STEMI, which will inform further clinical translation of this potential therapy.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Birgit Fendl, Rene Weiss, Tanja Eichhorn, Ingrid Linsberger, Taras Afonyushkin, Florian Puhm, Christoph J. Binder, Michael B. Fischer, Viktoria Weber
Summary: There is increasing evidence that C-reactive protein (CRP) can mediate inflammatory reactions by binding with extracellular vesicles (EVs), and an adsorbent can effectively remove free CRP and CRP+ EVs to reduce inflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Miriam Klausberger, Mark Duerkop, Helmuth Haslacher, Gordana Wozniak-Knopp, Monika Cserjan-Puschmann, Thomas Perkmann, Nico Lingg, Patricia Pereira Aguilar, Elisabeth Laurent, Jelle De Vos, Manuela Hofner, Barbara Holzer, Maria Stadler, Gabriele Manhart, Klemens Vierlinger, Margot Egger, Lisa Milchram, Elisabeth Gludovacz, Nicolas Marx, Christoph Koeppl, Christopher Tauer, Juergen Beck, Daniel Maresch, Clemens Gruenwald-Gruber, Florian Strobl, Peter Satzer, Gerhard Stadlmayr, Ulrike Vavra, Jasmin Huber, Markus Wahrmann, Farsad Eskandary, Marie-Kathrin Breyer, Daniela Sieghart, Peter Quehenberger, Gerda Leitner, Robert Strassl, Alexander E. Egger, Christian Irsara, Andrea Griesmacher, Gregor Hoermann, Guenter Weiss, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Judith Loeffler-Ragg, Nicole Borth, Richard Strasser, Alois Jungbauer, Rainer Hahn, Juergen Mairhofer, Boris Hartmann, Nikolaus B. Binder, Gerald Striedner, Lukas Mach, Andreas Weinhaeusel, Benjamin Dieplinger, Florian Grebien, Wilhelm Gerner, Christoph J. Binder, Reingard Grabherr
Summary: In this study, two quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests were developed, showing high specificity and sensitivity. These tests, based on spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid protein antigens, demonstrated comparable performance to fully-automated CE-marked test systems. Comprehensive evaluation of antigens and optimal cut-off modeling allowed for reliable serodiagnosis in various clinical settings.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Philipp J. Hohensinner, Max Lenz, Patrick Haider, Julia Mayer, Manuela Richter, Christoph Kaun, Laura Goederle, Mira Brekalo, Manuel Salzmann, Smriti Sharma, Michael B. Fischer, Stefan Stojkovic, Daniel Ramsmayer, Christian Hengstenberg, Bruno K. Podesser, Kurt Huber, Christoph J. Binder, Johann Wojta, Walter S. Speidl
Summary: The inhibition of fatty acid oxidation has been shown to reduce atherosclerotic plaque growth by decreasing the activation of the NLRP-3 system and subsequently lowering the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Florentina Porsch, Ziad Mallat, Christoph J. Binder
Summary: Research indicates that B cells and humoral immunity play a crucial role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, involving antibody levels, B-cell subsets, and antigen-specific antibody generation. B cells mediate both protective and detrimental effects in cardiovascular disease by regulating adaptive and innate immune responses and other immune cells.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas Perkmann, Nicole Perkmann-Nagele, Thomas Koller, Patrick Mucher, Astrid Radakovics, Michael Wolzt, Oswald F. Wagner, Christoph J. Binder, Helmuth Haslacher
Summary: Individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection showed significantly higher antibody response after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine compared to those who were naive to the virus. This suggests the need for further research on whether individuals with prior infection would benefit from a two-dose vaccination schedule or if the second doses could be saved for others in need.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thomas Perkmann, Nicole Perkmann-Nagele, Patrick Mucher, Astrid Radakovics, Manuela Repl, Thomas Koller, Galateja Jordakieva, Oswald F. Wagner, Christoph J. Binder, Helmuth Haslacher
Summary: The study suggests that antibody levels quantified before the booster shot with the Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 S assay may predict post-booster responses to BNT162b2, but not to AZD1222. There is a vaccine-dependent effect on antibody responses, with age playing an ambivalent role in the immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dimitrios Tsiantoulas, Mahya Eslami, Georg Obermayer, Marc Clement, Diede Smeets, Florian J. Mayer, Mate G. Kiss, Lennart Enders, Juliane Weisser, Laura Goderle, Jordi Lambert, Florian Frommlet, Andre Mueller, Tim Hendrikx, Maria Ozsvar-Kozma, Florentina Porsch, Laure Willen, Taras Afonyushkin, Jane E. Murphy, Per Fogelstrand, Olivier Donze, Gerard Pasterkamp, Matthias Hoke, Stefan Kubicek, Helle F. Jorgensen, Nicolas Danchin, Tabassome Simon, Hubert Scharnagl, Winfried Marz, Jan Boren, Henry Hess, Ziad Mallat, Pascal Schneider, Christoph J. Binder
Summary: This study reveals that genetic ablation or antibody-mediated depletion of APRIL exacerbates atherosclerosis in mice. Mechanistically, APRIL confers atheroprotection by binding to heparan sulfate chains of HSPG2, limiting the retention of low-density lipoproteins. Treatment with a specific anti-APRIL antibody reduces experimental atherosclerosis, indicating the physiological significance of APRIL in vascular homeostasis.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hendrika W. Grievink, Virginia Smit, Robin A. F. Verwilligen, Mireia N. A. Bernabe Kleijn, Diede Smeets, Christoph J. Binder, Hideo Yagita, Matthijs Moerland, Johan Kuiper, Ilze Bot, Amanda C. Foks
Summary: Stimulation of the coinhibitory PD-1 pathway can inhibit atherosclerosis development by modulating T- and B cell responses, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for combating atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mate G. Kiss, Christoph J. Binder
Summary: The complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with both protective and proatherogenic properties. The role of local complement activation in lesion formation remains unclear.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sean M. Davidson, Chantal M. Boulanger, Elena Aikawa, Lina Badimon, Lucio Barile, Christoph J. Binder, Alain Brisson, Edit Buzas, Costanza Emanueli, Felix Jansen, Miroslava Katsur, Romaric Lacroix, Sai Kiang Lim, Nigel Mackman, Manuel Mayr, Philippe Menasche, Rienk Nieuwland, Susmita Sahoo, Kaloyan Takov, Thomas Thum, Pieter Vader, Marca H. M. Wauben, Kenneth Witwer, Joost P. G. Sluijter
Summary: This article provides an overview of the techniques and technologies available for the separation and characterization of EVs from different sources. It discusses methods for determining the protein, RNA, and lipid content of EVs. The guidance provided in this document is important for investigating the role of EVs in cardiovascular diseases and highlights key methodological issues to consider.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hidde Douna, Virginia Smit, Gijs H. M. van Puijvelde, Mate G. Kiss, Christoph J. Binder, Llze Bot, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Andrew H. Lichtman, Johan Kuiper, Amanda C. Foks
Summary: This study found that Tim-1(delta mucin) mice played an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, showing significant impairment of IL-10+ B cells and an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 ratio.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam Taleb, Peter Willeit, Shahzada Amir, Thomas Perkmann, Maria Ozsvar Kozma, Martin L. Watzenboeck, Christoph J. Binder, Joseph L. Witztum, Sotirios Tsimikas
Summary: This study shows that high levels of IgM antibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) may be protective against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in humans. The levels of IgM OSEs were significantly lower in AMI patients compared to controls. These findings provide important clinical information and support the hypothesis that IgM OSEs have a protective effect against AMI.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Justine Deroissart, Christoph J. Binder
Summary: IgM antibodies are considered as risk markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the specific antigens and their full range of functions are still unclear. A better understanding of the potential diversity of antigens recognized by IgM will help in unraveling the role of IgM in atherosclerosis.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2023)