Article
Agronomy
Daniel J. Quinn, Hanna J. Poffenbarger, Fernando E. Miguez, Chad D. Lee
Summary: Farmers and researchers are uncertain about the impact of rye cover crops on the nitrogen fertilizer rate and grain yield of corn. This research examines the effect of nitrogen fertilizer timing following a rye cover crop and finds that the cover crop reduces corn yield but does not affect the optimal nitrogen rate.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xihuizi Liang, Bingqi Chen, Chaojie Wei, Xiongchu Zhang
Summary: This study proposed an algorithm that combined edge detection and OTSU to effectively extract navigation lines for cotton crops grown in wide and narrow rows. The accuracy of route detection reached 99.2%, 98.1%, and 98.4% for cotton, corn, and soybean at the seedling stage, respectively. The algorithm can adapt to different shadow interference and the randomness of crop row growth.
Article
Agronomy
Harry H. Schomberg, Dinku M. Endale, Kipling S. Balkcom, Randy L. Raper, Dwight H. Seman
Summary: Grazing cover crops can provide economic incentives for adoption in the southeastern United States, but the effects on soil properties are not well understood. This study found that grazing cereal rye cover crops under wet conditions resulted in increased soil penetration resistance, potentially impeding root growth, even in soils with a history of conservation tillage and cover crop use.
Article
Agronomy
Steph Herbstritt, Tom L. Richard, Sergio H. Lence, Huaiqing Wu, Peter L. O'Brien, Bryan D. Emmett, Tom C. Kaspar, Douglas L. Karlen, Keith Kohler, Robert W. Malone
Summary: Harvesting winter rye as an energy cover crop can meet growing food and energy demand, provide new revenue streams, and enhance ecosystem services without changing land use. Digesting rye can improve forage quality and produce renewable natural gas, with the residue available as feed protein concentrate. The integrated system has potential revenue from renewable bioenergy, carbon markets, and digestate feed protein, but there are substantial costs associated with renewable natural gas.
Article
Agronomy
Kory L. Johnson, Hans J. Kandel, Dulan P. Samarappuli, Marisol T. Berti
Summary: The study in the northern Plains of the USA found that interseeding winter rye into soybean resulted in higher yields compared to interseeding winter camelina. Early-maturing soybean cultivars were better suited for interseeding cover crops, but further optimization of interseeding systems is needed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhicheng Liu, Long Wang, Zhiyuan Liu, Xufeng Wang, Can Hu, Jianfei Xing
Summary: This paper proposes an image-detection method for cotton seed damage based on an improved YOLOv5 algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieves high accuracy and recall rate in detecting appearance-based damage of cotton seeds.
Article
Plant Sciences
Charles M. Geddes, Robert H. Gulden
Summary: The study found that using spring wheat or cereal rye inter-row living mulches can enhance interference with weeds during early soybean establishment, while not significantly affecting soybean yield. Additionally, terminating the mulch with glyphosate under dry conditions can significantly increase soybean yield.
Article
Plant Sciences
J. Acharya, T. B. Moorman, T. C. Kaspar, A. W. Lenssen, S. Gailans, A. E. Robertson
Summary: In Iowa, cold temperatures and frequent precipitation can prevent farmers from terminating winter cereal rye cover crops before planting corn and sometimes force them to plant corn while the rye plants are still green, known as planting green. Our study found that planting green increased corn seedling root disease and led to reduced corn yield.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Steven A. A. Mauget, Sushil K. K. Himanshu, Tim S. S. Goebel, Srinivasulu Ale, Paxton Payton, Katie Lewis, R. Louis Baumhardt
Summary: This study investigates the effects of winter cover crop residue on dryland cotton production in semi-arid regions. The results show that although cover crops can mitigate the stresses of dryland production, they can also reduce soil moisture and cash crop yields. The outcomes of field studies vary, partly due to the limited sampling of seasonal rainfall conditions. Simulation models were used to estimate the probabilities of cover crop effects under more representative climate conditions.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Roman Kemper, Thomas F. Doering, Nicole Legner, Catharina Meinen, Miriam Athmann
Summary: The study investigated the effects of mixtures of winter rye, crimson clover, and oil radish on root and shoot biomass, root traits, vertical root niche differentiation, and complementarity. Oil radish dominated in mixtures and had the highest root length and mass density in subsoil, while rye had the highest root biomass and density in topsoil. Clover had low competitiveness and showed low root density. Changes in root allocation patterns and complementarity of root mass were not observed.
Article
Soil Science
Rounak Patra, Debasish Saha, Sindhu Jagadamma
Summary: Long-term cover-cropping and no-tillage practices can facilitate soil organic carbon accumulation and redistribution in agroecosystems. This study investigated the effects of different management practices on total SOC and SOC fractions in the soil profile using a 40-year replicated field experiment in a continuous cotton system.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Xiaobing Lv, Zhi Wang, Linjie Ma, Nan Cao, Yali Meng, Zhiguo Zhou
Summary: The incorporation of crop residues into the soil had positive effects on cotton growth and yield, especially when no potassium fertilizer was applied, significantly increasing various indicators. The impact of different residue incorporation methods on cotton growth depended on the rate of potassium fertilizer application, and incorporating crop residues could reduce the amount of potassium fertilizer needed.
ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Jasdeep Singh, Srinivasulu Ale, Paul B. DeLaune, Sushil K. Himanshu, Edward M. Barnes
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of growing winter cover crops in a continuous cotton production system in the Texas Rolling Plains region and found that planting cover crops can improve soil health indicators without affecting cotton yields.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sarah M. Kurtz, Jyotsna Acharya, Thomas C. Kaspar, Alison E. Robertson
Summary: This study found that increasing the distance between corn crops and winter rye cover crops can reduce seedling disease and increase corn yield.
Article
Ecology
Carina Isbell, Daniel Tobin, Travis Reynolds
Summary: This paper explores the motivations behind maintaining crop diversity among seed producers in Vermont, US. The findings indicate that seed producers maintain crop diversity not only for profit, but also for environmental, social, and cultural reasons, suggesting numerous avenues for encouraging crop diversity conservation within the US. The study also highlights the importance of understanding motivations for crop diversification through various theoretical lenses, which may be overlooked in current research, policies, and programs focused solely on monetary incentives.
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Diego de Oliveira Rabel, Shizuo Maeda, Eloa Moura Araujo, Joao Bosco Gomes, Itamar Antonio Bognolla, Stephen A. Prior, Ederlan Magri, Cleiton Frigo, Bruno Portela Brasileiro, Mariana Custodio dos Santos, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta
Summary: The application of alkaline residues of recycled paper production (ARRP) has a positive effect on tree growth and soil composition in Brazilian pine forests, particularly at a dose of 20 T ha(-1). It can improve productivity and significantly enhance growth, as well as Ca concentration in needles, trunks, roots, and litter fractions.
Article
Plant Sciences
David Soba, Tianchu Shu, G. Brett Runion, Stephen A. Prior, Felix B. Fritschi, Iker Aranjuelo, Alvaro Sanz-Saez
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, Julierme Zimmer Barbosa, Ederlan Magri, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, Delmar Santin, Stephen Arthur Prior, Rangel Consalter, Scott D. Young, Martin R. Broadley, Eliziane Luiza Benedetti
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Forestry
Rangel Consalter, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, Julierme Zimmer Barbosa, Fabiane Machado Vezzani, Rafael Alejandro Rubilar, Stephen A. Prior, Silvana Nisgoski, Marcos Vinicius Martins Bassaco
Summary: Research in southern Brazil found that mid-rotation application of N and P significantly increased commercial volume of Pinus taeda, while K, lime, and micronutrient applications had no noticeable effects. Nutrient and lime applications increased total litter accumulation, with K omission leading to an increase in total root mass.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Leonardo Packer de Quadros, Henrique Almeida Santos Ducheiko, Shizuo Maeda, Stephen Arthur Prior, Eloa Moura Araujo, Joao Bosco Vasconcelos Gomes, Itamar Antonio Bognola, Marcia Toffani Simao Soares, Ederlan Magri, Cleiton Frigo, Alberto Kawasaki, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta
Summary: The study revealed that the use of wood biomass as a sustainable energy source in Brazilian forest industries is effective. Wood ash application has some effects on tree growth and soil properties, but does not impact yield. Additionally, the application of wood ash can reduce soil acidity and increase alkalinity, benefiting the forest system.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Kavetskiy, G. Yakubova, N. Sargsyan, S. A. Prior, H. A. Torbert
Summary: The study discussed the application of neutron-gamma analysis for chlorine determination in different materials, comparing the advantages of a pulsed fast/thermal neutron analysis system with an associated particle imaging system. The effectiveness of the PFTNA system in identifying artificial chlorine contamination areas was demonstrated, leading to the creation of an accurate chlorine contamination map in the field.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Kavetskiy, G. Yakubova, N. Sargsyan, S. A. Prior, H. A. Torbert, B. A. Chin
Summary: This study describes a method for mapping total soil potassium using scanning gamma spectroscopy and GPS technology, with a calibration coefficient defined based on measurements of spectra and simulations in different sample volumes. Soil potassium distribution maps were created by measuring potassium-40 peak areas in gamma spectra and calculating potassium weight percent, demonstrating the feasibility of using gamma spectroscopy and the calibration method for determining total soil potassium.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Milena Pereira, Marcos Vinicius Martins Bassaco, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, Shizuo Maeda, Stephen A. Prior, Renato Marques, Ederlan Magri, Itamar Antonio Bognola, Joao Bosco Vasconcellos Gomes
Summary: The application of forest industry residues can improve soil nutrient exhaustion and promote sustainable forest management. This study evaluated the effects of residue application on soil attributes, forest floor amounts, and the growth and nutrition of Pinus taeda. The results showed that the appropriate application of residues can enhance tree growth and biomass without compromising wood density.
Article
Forestry
Ana Rosaria Sclifo Zucon, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, Lenir Fatima Gotz, Shizuo Maeda, Marcos Vinicius Martins Bassaco, Ederlan Magri, Stephen Arthur Prior, Luiz Claudio de Paula Souza, Jairo Calderari de Oliveira Junior
Summary: This study evaluated the long-term effects of piling secondary forest residue on soil chemical properties, growth, and nutrition of Pinus taeda and weeds. The results showed that residue-piled areas had a decrease in soil pH and an increase in available soil P and K. Although herbaceous and shrub-weed biomass increased in residue-piling areas, this did not compromise pine growth. Residue piling had little impact on the nutritional status of pine and weeds, but the plant growth in piling areas was better.
Article
Agronomy
Ederlan Magri, Julierme Zimmer Barbosa, Stephen A. Prior, Alice Teresa Valduga, Antonio C. Vargas Motta
Summary: This study investigated the collateral effects of using glyphosate on non-target yerba mate plants, specifically looking at its impact on growth and leaf elemental composition. The results showed that glyphosate decreased the total dry matter and basal diameter of yerba mate plants, and had varying effects on the levels of different elements depending on the cultivars and soil types.
ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aleksandr Kavetskiy, Galina Yakubova, Stephen A. Prior, H. Allen Torbert
Summary: In-situ soil carbon measurements using neutron gamma analysis are beneficial for assessing carbon sequestration practices. The study investigated the post-irradiation effects of neutron irradiation on soil chemical and physical attributes. The results showed that neutron gamma analysis does not impact the physicochemical aspects of soil health and can be used for soil elemental content determinations without additional radiation safety concerns.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Rangel Consalter, Antonio C. V. Motta, Julierme Z. Barbosa, Fabiane M. Vezzani, Rafael A. Rubilar, Stephen A. Prior, Marcos V. M. Bassaco
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the colonization of Pinus herrerae roots in trunks of dead standing trees and assess the composition of roots and decomposing tissues. The results showed that 2 to 3.5 years after tree death, roots from adjacent trees migrated into the wood/bark interface. After 8.5 years, roots of adjacent trees reached a height of up to 3.3 m above the litter surface.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rohit Kalvakaalva, Mollie Smith, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Emmanuel Ayipio, Caroline Blanchard, Daniel Wells, David Blersch, Sushil Adhikari, Rishi Prasad, Terril R. Hanson, Brendan T. Higgins
Summary: This study used life cycle assessment to quantify the environmental impacts of decoupled biofloc aquaponics systems. The results showed that electricity, heating fuel, and feed were the major contributors to global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Efforts to balance fish and plant production and reuse post-plant effluent are important in minimizing the environmental footprint of decoupled systems.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Kalvakaalva, Mollie Smith, Emmanuel Ayipio, Caroline Blanchard, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Daniel Wells, David Blersch, Sushil Adhikari, Rishi Prasad, Terrill R. Hanson, Nathan Wall, Brendan T. Higgins
Summary: This study developed a mass-balanced process model to analyze the partitioning of key elements in aquaponics and predict long-term system changes. The model showed that Nile tilapia assimilated a higher percentage of input nitrogen and phosphorus compared to plants.
JOURNAL OF THE ASABE
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Kalvakaalva, Stephen A. Prior, Mollie Smith, G. Brett Runion, Emmanuel Ayipio, Caroline Blanchard, Nathan Wall, Daniel Wells, Terrill R. Hanson, Brendan T. Higgins
Summary: This study investigates the direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a biofloc, decoupled aquaponics facility. The results showed that the intensively aerated areas of the fish tank had significantly higher GHG emissions compared to low-intensity aeration areas. The clarification system was found to have high methane emissions, indicating anaerobic activity. The choice of plant growth substrate did not have a significant effect on GHG emissions. Overall, carbon sequestration in plants could offset a significant proportion of direct GHG emissions from the aquaponics system.
JOURNAL OF THE ASABE
(2022)