Review
Cell Biology
Anika Cappenberg, Marina Kardell, Alexander Zarbock
Summary: Selectins play important roles in the initial contact and rolling of neutrophils along the endothelium, and the recruitment of neutrophils and activation of integrins are closely related to selectin-mediated signaling pathways.
Article
Hematology
Zheng Xu, Ying Liang, M. Keegan Delaney, Yaping Zhang, Kyungho Kim, Jing Li, Yanyan Bai, Jaehyung Cho, Masuko Ushio-Fukai, Ni Cheng, Xiaoping Du
Summary: Research has shown that outside-in signaling activates mainly NOX2-mediated ROS generation, which triggers Syk-dependent secondary platelet activation, adhesion, and thrombosis with minimal effect on hemostasis.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Leonardo A. Perez, Aysha Rashid, J. Dale Combs, Pascal Schneider, Andres Rodriguez, Khalid Salaita, Lisette Leyton
Summary: Astrocyte reactivity is influenced by mechanical and chemical stimuli, with integrins playing a key role in triggering cell contraction and adhesion in response to Thy-1 engagement. This study highlights the potential of targeting alpha(V)beta(3) Integrin mechanoreceptor to regulate astrocyte behavior in neuronal healing.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zeynep Itah, Shanzah Chaudhry, Sithara Raju Ponny, Ozkan Aydemir, Alexandra Lee, Julie Cavanagh-Kyros, Cathy Tournier, William J. Muller, Roger J. Davis
Summary: The HER2(+) subtype of human breast cancer is associated with the malignant transformation of luminal ductal cells of the mammary epithelium. Loss of function mutations and deletions of the MAP2K4 and MAP2K7genes that encode direct activators of the JUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) were found in tumor DNA sequence analysis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that JNK pathway deficiency promotes HER2(+)-driven breast cancer.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tae In Kim, Yeon-Ji Kim, Kyungho Kim
Summary: The study found that C. fragile can effectively inhibit platelet activity, including aggregation, secretion, and other functions. Its main component is phytol, and this seaweed can prevent arterial thrombus formation without prolonging bleeding time. Therefore, C. fragile may be a potential antiplatelet therapeutic candidate.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Guannan Song, Fei Meng, Bing-Hao Luo
Summary: Integrins are transmembrane proteins that transmit bi-directional signals among different conformational states. Beta(8) integrin, unlike other integrin members, adopts only one conformation and does not transmit bi-directional signals. Our study investigates the role of different domains of beta(8) in its unique conformation, ligand binding, and signaling.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca K. Lau, Eray Enustun, Yajie Gu, Justin Nguyen, Kevin D. Corbett
Summary: Bacteria have evolved diverse immune systems to protect themselves from phage infection. Researchers have discovered a transcriptional regulator module associated with hundreds of CBASS immune systems and demonstrated its role in driving the expression of the CBASS system in response to DNA damage. This finding highlights a mechanism by which bacterial immune systems can sense and respond to cellular stress.
Article
Immunology
Min Zhou, Yadi Zhang, Rui Tang, Haiyan Liu, Min Du, Zhi Gao, Zongshu Ji, Haoshu Fang
Summary: The study found significantly increased plasma levels of HMGB1 in ALI patients, and reduced CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) Tregs. Experimental results showed that in HMGB1-induced lung injury, HMGB1 affects the expression of FOXP3 and CTLA-4 through TLR4, reducing the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shunji Kato, Atsushi Shiozaki, Michihiro Kudou, Hiroki Shimizu, Toshiyuki Kosuga, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Shuhei Komatsu, Takeshi Kubota, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Kazuma Okamoto, Mitsuo Kishimoto, Eiichi Konishi, Eigo Otsuji
Summary: The study revealed that TRPV2 promotes tumor migration and invasion in gastric cancer through the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and high expression of TRPV2 is associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hao Zhang, Xiaoqiao Fu, Yue Ao, Miaomiao Nan, Ziyu Qiu, Xiuzhi Jia, Ying Xiao, Dongjun Liu, Xudong Guo
Summary: Studies have shown that ANXA1 plays a crucial role in hair growth in mice by affecting hair follicle density and the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells. Additionally, ANXA1's function in hair growth is mediated through the EGF signaling pathway, with molecular analysis revealing negative correlations between ANxal expression and levels of EGF, Notch1, Mkk7, and phosphorylated AKT1 and ERK/2 proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Tian, Pei-Yu Dong, Sheng-Lin Liang, Long Li, Shu-Er Zhang, Francesca Gioia Klinger, Wei Shen, You-Yu Yan, Xi-Feng Zhang
Summary: In this study, the molecular mechanism by which AFB1 affects the growth of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) was investigated using whole transcriptome sequencing. AFB1 exposure reduced the proliferative capacity of PAM and prevented cell cycle progression. The role and regulatory mechanism of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in the process of AFB1 exposure affecting the growth of PAM were verified.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zi-Nan Lu, Jia Song, Tong-Hui Sun, Gang Sun
Summary: This study identified 151 differentially expressed genes related to breast cancer, with UBE2C playing a key role in promoting cancer cell proliferation by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results suggest a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ipek Suntar, Sumeyra cetinkaya, Emiliano Panieri, Sarmistha Saha, Brigitta Buttari, Elisabetta Profumo, Luciano Saso
Summary: The process of wound healing involves a series of cellular events, with Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) playing a crucial role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. Bioactive compounds can accelerate cell proliferation, neovascularization, and tissue repair by promoting Nrf2 activation.
Review
Cell Biology
Simona Del Giudice, Valentina De Luca, Seyedehnegar Parizadeh, Domenico Russo, Alberto Luini, Rosaria Di Martino
Summary: This article reviews the autoregulatory circuits acting on the Golgi complex, with a focus on the role of specific signaling molecules in cancer. It proposes to draw awareness to the Golgi-localized regulatory systems as potential targets in cancer therapy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Grace Aprilia Helena, Teruhiko Watanabe, Yusuke Kato, Nobuaki Shiraki, Shoen Kume
Summary: By adjusting the thawing protocol and medium composition, we successfully improved the attachment of PHH cells on the collagen matrix. Removing BSA and exposing the cells to cAMP activators such as IBMX and Forskolin enhanced PHH attachment. Activation of EPAC2 increased PHH attachment and induced bile canaliculi formation in iPS-derived hepatocytes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kari Lavinia vom Werth, Theresa Woermann, Bjoern Kemper, Philipp Kumpers, Stefanie Kampmeier, Alexander Mellmann
Summary: Sepsis is a major global disease with early identification remaining a challenge. Recent research suggests that white blood cell morphology can serve as a new biomarker for sepsis diagnosis. This study used digital holographic microscopy to analyze the effects of different bacteria on T-lymphocytes and found that different bacterial strains caused different cellular responses, potentially offering a new approach for early sepsis diagnosis and identification of causative agents.
Article
Microbiology
Carlos L. Correa-Martinez, Annette Jurke, Janne Schmitz, Frieder Schaumburg, Stefanie Kampmeier, Alexander Mellmann
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the molecular epidemiology, demographic aspects, and geographical distribution of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections (VREBI) in the German Federal State of North-Rhine-Westphalia. The study found an increasing trend in VREBI incidence, particularly in male patients aged 50 years and above. VanB emerged as the predominant glycopeptide resistance determinant, detected in close relation with ST117 isolates.
Article
Microbiology
Vincent van Almsick, Franziska Schuler, Alexander Mellmann, Vera Schwierzeck
Summary: This study presents whole genome sequencing data of two multidrug resistant bacteria isolates, showing the horizontal plasmid exchange between the two species, which explains their correlated resistance phenotypes.
Article
Microbiology
Mareike Moellers, Marie-Kristin Von Wahlde, Franziska Schuler, Alexander Mellmann, Christian Boeing, Vera Schwierzeck, Julia Sophie Schneider, Stefanie Kampmeier
Summary: This study reports an outbreak of MRSA infection in a gynecology/obstetrics department during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite intensified infection control measures. The study highlights the importance of adherence to classical infection prevention strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Umesh Kumar Dhawan, Andreas Margraf, Maciej Lech, Manikandan Subramanian
Summary: Hypercholesterolemia exacerbates autoimmune response and accelerates the progression of autoimmune disorders. The impaired DNase response in hypercholesterolemic mice is associated with increased anti-nuclear antibody levels and renal immune complex deposition. Treatment with DNase1 decreases autoantibody levels and renal pathology in hypercholesterolemic mice and humans, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Katharina Thomas, Lisa Zondler, Nadine Ludwig, Marina Kardell, Corinna Lueneburg, Katharina Henke, Sina Mersmann, Andreas Margraf, Tilmann Spieker, Tobias Tekath, Ana Velic, Richard Holtmeier, Juliane Hermann, Vera Jankowski, Melanie Meersch, Dietmar Vestweber, Martin Westphal, Johannes Roth, Michael A. Schaefers, John A. Kellum, Clifford A. Lowell, Jan Rossaint, Alexander Zarbock
Summary: Glutamine administration significantly reduces kidney damage and improves kidney function in a murine model of AKI. Glutamine causes transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in renal tubular epithelial cells, leading to decreased apoptosis, decreased neutrophil recruitment, and improved mitochondrial functionality. The proteins Tgm2 and Ask1 play important roles in the apoptotic signaling pathway targeted by glutamine.
Article
Microbiology
Esther E. E. Dirks, Jasminka A. A. Lukovic, Heidrun Peltroche-Llacsahuanga, Anke Herrmann, Alexander Mellmann, Mardjan Arvand
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, the clinical outcome, and the time of initiation of specific hygiene measures in patients with CDI in a large tertiary-care hospital in Brandenburg. The results showed that the majority of cases were healthcare-associated CDI, with high rates of recurrence and mortality. RT027 was the most common ribotype, highlighting the need for improved molecular surveillance and specific hygiene measures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Franziska Guenl, Tim Krischuns, Julian A. Schreiber, Lea Henschel, Marius Wahrenburg, Hannes C. A. Drexler, Sebastian A. Leidel, Vlad Cojocaru, Guiscard Seebohm, Alexander Mellmann, Martin Schwemmle, Stephan Ludwig, Linda Brunotte
Summary: The replication of influenza A virus relies on ubiquitination of the viral polymerase derived from host cells. This study reveals that site-specific ubiquitination of PB1-K578 is acquired during infection and regulates the dimerization of polymerase and the binding of NP. Mass spectrometry analysis has identified 59 modified lysines across the three subunits of the viral polymerase, which affect mRNA transcription, vRNA replication, and the generation of recombinant viruses via non-proteolytic mechanisms.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Veronica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Doerthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: Influenza A viruses, including the H1N1pdm09 virus, cause recurrent epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. The reassortment of these viruses in swine and their ability to replicate in human lung tissue suggest a possible zoonotic potential. Reassortment frequently occurs in the PB1, PA, and NA segments, resulting in the generation of reassortants that can reach high titers in swine lung cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kari Lavinia vom Werth, Bjorn Kemper, Stefanie Kampmeier, Alexander Mellmann
Summary: Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) was used to detect aberrant cell morphologies caused by disease, providing a non-invasive diagnostic approach. T-cells exposed to different bacterial species and strains showed rapid morphological changes, such as cell shrinkage and alterations in phase contrast. The response varied depending on the causative pathogen and concentrations of bacterial determinants.
Article
Microbiology
Theresa Isabella Maria Krueger, Susann Herzog, Alexander Mellmann, Thorsten Kuczius
Summary: This study investigated the short-term impact of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment on various microorganisms in dental unit water lines. The results showed that the environmental background played a significant role in the tolerance to ClO2. Gram-positive bacteria demonstrated higher resistance to ClO2 compared to Gram-negative bacteria, and microorganisms adapted to tap water showed increased stability. Higher concentrations of ClO2 were effective in disinfecting bacteria at high densities. The kinetics of disinfection showed an initial rapid cell decrease followed by plateau formation or slower reduction, which could not be solely explained by ClO2 depletion.
Review
Microbiology
Robin Koeck, Luisa Denkel, Andrea T. Fessler, Rudolf Eicker, Alexander Mellmann, Stefan Schwarz, Christine Geffers, Nils-Olaf Huebner, Rasmus Leistner
Summary: This article reviews clinical studies on the effects of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) as an antiseptic agent. It reveals that OCT has certain effects in decolonizing Staphylococcus aureus, preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), and preventing ICU or catheter-related bloodstream and insertion site infections.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marleen Optenhoevel, Alexander Mellmann, Thorsten Kuczius
Summary: Water-bearing instruments and treatments in dental units can produce aerosols contaminated with bacteria, particularly Legionella, which can pose a risk of infection to patients and dental staff. A study in Germany found that 36.4% of water samples from dental practices were positive for Legionella, predominantly the species L. anisa. Higher temperatures were identified as a significant factor for increased colonization of Legionella. Routine monitoring of water quality and regular disinfection in dental chair units is recommended to minimize the risk of infection.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Khald Blau, Fabian K. Berger, Alexander Mellmann, Claudia Gallert
Summary: This study characterized virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, ribotype distribution, and genetic relationship of C.difficile isolates from various fecally contaminated environmental sources. The results showed that the isolates had different virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, indicating a potential for zoonotic transmission.
Article
Microbiology
Florian Campmann, Hauke Toennies, Christian Boeing, Franziska Schuler, Alexander Mellmann, Vera Schwierzeck
Summary: This study investigated clinical isolates of linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis and identified a closely related cluster of infections. The analysis of cgMLST data revealed the relatedness of these isolates and confirmed the high risk of LRSE infection in vulnerable patient groups such as those with hematological malignancies. The authors emphasize the importance of monitoring LRSE in the hospital setting to prevent its spread among vulnerable patient groups.