Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jesus Diaz-Curiel, Barbara Biosca, Lucia Arevalo-Lomas, David Paredes-Palacios, Maria Jesus Miguel
Summary: The importance of empirical versus theoretical laws in geosciences is controversial. This study defends the development of new empirical laws by showing that they can accurately reflect phenomena if certain criteria are followed. The study provides examples to demonstrate the accuracy of new empirical laws compared to widely accepted historical relationships.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xiaogang Ma
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive review of knowledge graph construction and implementation in geosciences. It covers concepts and approaches relevant to knowledge graph, its application in data collection, curation, and analysis, as well as the challenges and trends in its creation and application in the near future. The review aims to be valuable to practitioners in data-intensive geoscience studies as artificial intelligence and data science continue to thrive in the field.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shu Wang, Yunqiang Zhu, Yanmin Qi, Zhiwei Hou, Kai Sun, Weirong Li, Lei Hu, Jie Yang, Hairong Lv
Summary: Time is a fundamental reference system in geosciences for recording and interpreting temporal information. However, there are limitations in the current time conversion method due to the scope of existing time ontologies and reliance on experience. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Unified Time Framework (UTF) that designs an independent time root node and incorporates quantitative relationship definitions, unified time nodes, and interfaces to enhance accuracy and efficiency in calculating temporal information across different time references. Experimental results demonstrate that UTF greatly supports accurate and efficient temporal information queries compared to traditional time conversion methods. The UTF can be widely applied in the era of Big Data to discover new geosciences knowledge across different time references.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengshan Wang, Robert M. Hazen, Qiuming Cheng, Michael H. Stephenson, Chenghu Zhou, Peter Fox, Shu-zhong Shen, Roland Oberhansli, Zengqian Hou, Xiaogang Ma, Zhiqiang Feng, Junxuan Fan, Chao Ma, Xiumian Hu, Bin Luo, Juanle Wang, Craig M. Schiffries
Summary: Barriers hindering data-driven discoveries in deep-time Earth include data not being digitized, databases not adhering to FAIR principles, and lack of a systematic knowledge graph. The Deep-Time Digital Earth program aims to develop a systematic knowledge graph, a FAIR data infrastructure, and tailored tools to facilitate data-driven discovery and global data sharing.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Alisa Bokulich
Summary: The challenge of modeling phenomena across multiple spatial and temporal scales, known as the tyranny of scales problem, requires new modeling methods. Drawing on research in the geosciences, strategies for taming this tyranny in conceptual, physical, and mathematical modeling have been synthesized and analyzed. Having an adequate conceptual model is essential in all cases, advancing debates in the philosophy of modeling.
Article
Geography
Daniel Nuest, Edzer Pebesma
Summary: Reproducible research is about improving scholarly communication in the digital age, requiring researchers to understand and utilize technologies for computational control and transparency. By creating research compendia that include code, data, and workflows, a high degree of reproducibility can be achieved.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
David Chew, Kerstin Drost, Jeffrey H. Marsh, Joseph A. Petrus
Summary: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping is a rapidly growing field in geosciences, providing spatial information on petrogenesis and ore mineral formation. The technique has diverse applications in forensics, archaeology and biological tissues imaging. Instrumentation advancements now allow precise isotopic analysis and multi-element mapping with high spatial resolution.
Article
Optics
Sherzod R. Otajonov, Eduard N. Tsoy, Fatkhulla Kh. Abdullaev
Summary: This study investigates the modulational instability of a uniform two-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of quantum fluctuations. It is found that quantum fluctuations can induce instability when the BEC density is below a certain threshold.
Article
Optics
Andrzej Ziolkowski, Ewa Weinert-Raczka
Summary: The paper analyzes the propagation of nonlinear light in photorefractive gallium arsenide and presents two methods of nonlinear electron transport modeling. The study shows that self-trapping of optical beams and bending of beam trajectories are possible in different models. The impact of oscillations in charge carrier domains on light propagation is also examined.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gregor Luetzenburg, Aart Kroon, Anders A. Bjork
Summary: Traditional topographic surveying in earth sciences is costly and complex, but off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors have made it more affordable. Apple's LiDAR sensors can accurately create high-resolution models and offer cost-effective alternatives to established techniques.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Taylor R. R. Lee, Benjamin J. J. Phrampus, Jeffrey Obelcz
Summary: In marine geosciences, research vessels are used for data acquisition to study specific phenomena or areas of interest. Despite a plateau in ship time and active research vessels, data production in marine geosciences continues to increase. Legacy data repositories contain a large amount of data, but they are rarely curated for accessibility, resulting in inefficient use and exclusion of high-quality data. This paper discusses improvements in data acquisition, curation, and integration to align marine geosciences with the big data paradigm and addresses challenges and solutions in utilizing both new and legacy data.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Athanasios Smponias, Dionisis Stefanatos, Emmanuel Paspalakis
Summary: Efficient preparation of the exciton state in a hybrid nanostructure composed of a semiconductor quantum dot and a metallic nanoparticle can be achieved using pulses derived with the method of shortcuts to adiabaticity. The population inversion fidelity degrades for smaller distances and longer pulse durations due to the stronger nonlinear terms in the interaction equations. This study is expected to contribute to the development of schemes for generating single photons on demand or ultrafast nanoswitches.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Korhan Ayranci, Isa E. Yildirim, Umair bin Waheed, James A. MacEachern
Summary: The automated technique proposed in this study uses deep convolutional neural networks to determine bioturbation index in cores and outcrops, providing a faster and more robust solution compared to manual classification by experts. By compiling a large dataset and training the DCNN model, high classification accuracies were achieved, marking a pioneering work in the field of ichnological analysis.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Elife Ozturk Kiyak, Goksu Tuysuzoglu, Derya Birant
Summary: With the continuous growth of geological data, machine learning has the potential to solve problems in geosciences. However, the unique properties encountered in geoscience problems pose challenges for machine learning, necessitating novel research. This paper proposes a novel machine learning method called PART Forest, which overcomes these challenges and offers advancements in both machine learning and geoscience disciplines. The PART Forest method was demonstrated to be effective in mineral classification, surpassing the well-known ensemble learning method, random forest, in various metrics.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Andrea Gerbaudo, Francesca Lozar, Manuela Lasagna, Marco Davide Tonon, Elena Egidio
Summary: The combined annual Congress of the Italian Geological Society and the Italian Mineralogical and Petrological Society discussed the role of geosciences in sustainable development. A questionnaire survey showed that the Italian geocommunity, especially younger members, has a high awareness of the implications of their work in sustainability issues, but their familiarity with the 2030 Agenda and its goals is still low.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Manuel Santos Gutierrez, Valerio Lucarini, Mickael D. Chekroun, Michael Ghil
Summary: This study establishes a strong connection between data-driven and theoretical approaches to achieving efficient and accurate parameterizations for model reduction. Through perturbation expansions, a general stochastic parameterization of weakly coupled dynamical systems is derived, and it is shown that truncation of expansions is not necessary when coupling is additive. Additionally, the study simplifies unwieldy integrodifferential equations into a multilevel Markovian model and establishes an intuitive connection with a generalized Langevin equation. This research supports the physical basis and robustness of the empirical model reduction (EMR) methodology while highlighting the practical relevance of the perturbative expansion used for deriving the parameterizations.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eviatar Bach, Safa Mote, V Krishnamurthy, A. Surjalal Sharma, Michael Ghil, Eugenia Kalnay
Summary: Ensemble Oscillation Correction (EnOC) is a general method used to correct oscillatory modes in ensemble forecasts from dynamical models, effectively reducing errors and improving predictive capability of the climate system. The oscillatory modes are extracted using multichannel singular spectrum analysis (M-SSA) and combined with dynamical forecasts in order to achieve more accurate predictions.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yizhak Feliks, Justin Small, Michael Ghil
Summary: This study investigates low-frequency variability (LFV) globally using the CESM model and NCEP-NCAR, ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data, finding statistically significant periodic oscillations with similar spatio-temporal patterns across all three datasets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Pierini, Michael Ghil
Summary: This study explores the tipping between two states in an excitable low-order ocean model, discovering the relationship between tipping time and forcing amplitude. Rate-induced tipping in an excitable system is observed within a significant range of parameters, along with nonlinear resonance and coexisting attractors in parameter space.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Stephane Vannitsem, Jonathan Demaeyer, Michael Ghil
Summary: The study examines the impact of ENSO on the extratropics using a simplified model, finding different types of extratropical low-frequency variability associated with varying ENSO forcing. The analysis reveals the coexistence of two chaotic PBAs for certain parameter values under chaotic ENSO forcing, indicating potential challenges for extratropical climate predictions.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Gisela D. Charo, Mickael D. Chekroun, Denisse Sciamarella, Michael Ghil
Summary: This study examines how noise affects chaotic systems by comparing the topological structure of deterministic and stochastically perturbed versions of the system. The results show that stochastic perturbations can lead to sharp topological transitions in the evolution of the system.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
W. Bagniewski, M. Ghil, D. D. Rousseau
Summary: Bifurcations and tipping points represent critical thresholds in the Earth system's behavior, and current concern with them is largely due to fears of sudden climate change caused by human activities. Paleoclimate proxy records containing abrupt transitions provide valuable information for identifying critical tipping points in current and future climate evolution. The methodology presented for detecting abrupt transitions in proxy records shows substantial skill and can complement recurrence analysis to improve upon certain aspects of its results.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Pierini, Michael Ghil
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Damian Walwer, Michael Ghil, Eric Calais
Summary: By studying space geodetic time series and using M-SSA methodology, it is possible to extract qualitative dynamics information from deformation data of volcanic systems, aiding in the understanding of pressure build-up within magma bodies and providing guidelines for physics-based models of episodic inflation cycles.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Niklas Boers, Michael Ghil, Thomas F. Stocker
Summary: Specific components of the Earth system may undergo abrupt changes in response to gradual changes in forcing, known as tipping elements. The mathematical language to describe these transitions is mainly based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Evidence of past abrupt transitions comes from paleoclimate proxy records. Predicting such transitions is challenging due to uncertainties. An improved understanding of the nonlinear mechanisms underlying abrupt transitions requires combining insights from paleoclimatic records, simulations, and analysis of observation-based data.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Dan Crisan, Michael Ghil
Summary: Extensive numerical evidence demonstrates that assimilating observations has a stabilizing effect on unstable dynamics, both in numerical weather prediction and other fields. In this paper, we employ mathematically rigorous methods to explain the underlying reasons behind this phenomenon. Our stabilization results do not necessitate a complete set of observations and we provide examples where observing only the unstable degrees of freedom of the model is sufficient.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Witold Bagniewski, Denis-Didier Rousseau, Michael Ghil
Summary: Tipping points in Earth's climate system have become increasingly important due to the potential risk of abrupt, irreversible climate transitions caused by human activities. Paleoclimate records are crucial for identifying past tipping points and understanding the underlying mechanisms. However, the quality, resolution, and reliability of these records vary, making careful selection necessary. To address this, the open-source PaleoJump database offers high-resolution records from various sources and statistical methodologies for identifying and analyzing tipping points. This database provides a valuable resource for researchers studying past climate changes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Gisela D. Charo, Michael Ghil, Denisse Sciamarella
Summary: Random attractors are time-evolving structures of chaotic and perturbed dynamical systems that can be described using templex. Templex consists of cell complexes and directed graphs, providing a detailed description and classification of the attractors. Critical points in random templex lead to drastic changes in attractor holes over time.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Keno Riechers, Takahito Mitsui, Niklas Boers, Michael Ghil
Summary: The relative importance of external forcing and intrinsic variability in climate change is a key question in understanding both general climate variability and the paleoclimatic history of our planet. Research over the past century has established the significance of orbital forcing in the last 2.6 million years and the Quaternary glaciation cycles. Internal mechanisms have also been found to play a causal role in events such as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events as well as the mid-Pleistocene transition. This study introduces a unified framework that utilizes the theory of non-autonomous and random dynamical systems to understand the effects of orbital forcing on the climate system's internal variability over timescales ranging from thousands to millions of years.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Denis-Didier Rousseau, Witold Bagniewski, Michael Ghil
Summary: This paper re-examines the climate variations determined from marine and Greenland records, and finds that these abrupt climate changes are related to the growth and retreat of ice sheets and the astronomical theory of climate.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
