Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040522
Keywords
three-dimensional printing; congenital heart disease; medical education; heart models; pre-operative planning; simulation
Categories
Funding
- National Heart Foundation of Australia [101843]
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Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been increasingly used in cardiology and cardiac surgery, in particular, showing great value in the domain of congenital heart disease (CHD). CHD is characterized by complex cardiac anomalies with disease variations between individuals; thus, it is difficult to obtain comprehensive spatial conceptualization of the cardiac structures based on the current imaging visualizations. 3D printed models derived from patient's cardiac imaging data overcome this limitation by creating personalized 3D heart models, which not only improve spatial visualization, but also assist preoperative planning and simulation of cardiac procedures, serve as a useful tool in medical education and training, and improve doctor-patient communication. This review article provides an overall view of the clinical applications and usefulness of 3D printed models in CHD. Current limitations and future research directions of 3D printed heart models are highlighted.
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