Journal
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 999-1011Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz038
Keywords
polyphenols; gastrointestinal tract; cardiometabolic health; nutrient sensing; microbiota; intestinal metabolism
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Funding
- Botanical Dietary Supplement Research Center, pilot grant [301499]
- National Institutes of Health and Complementary and Integrative Healthgrants [K01AT008829, R01AT010242]
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Substantial evidence from nutritional epidemiology links polyphenol-rich diets with reduced incidence of chronic disorders; however, biological mechanisms underlying polyphenol-disease relations remain enigmatic. Emerging evidence is beginning to unmask the contribution of the gastrointestinal tract on whole-body energy homeostasis, suggesting that the intestine may be a prime target for intervention and a fundamental site for the metabolic actions of polyphenols. During their transit through the gastrointestinal tract, polyphenols may activate enteric nutrient sensors ensuing appropriate responses from other peripheral organs to regulate metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, polyphenols can modulate the absorption of glucose, attenuating exaggerated hormonal responses and metabolic imbalances. Polyphenols that escape absorption are metabolized by the gut microbiota and the resulting catabolites may act locally, activating nuclear receptors that control enteric functions such as intestinal permeability. Finally, polyphenols modulate gut microbial ecology, which can have profound effects on cardiometabolic health.
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