Super-imposed cluster embedding for ring routing path identification in WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in sensing applications. The efficiency of the WSNs depends on the effective data transmission from the sensor node and data collection unit called the sink. The sink node forwards to the data to the system processing center. The data sensed by the sensor node, and it should reach the processing center within a short duration to initiate necessary actions in real-time systems. The efficiency of the WSNs rely on the real-lifetime of the sensor nodes to be increased. The lifetime of the sensor nodes directly depends on the residual energy to transmit the information. Since the wireless sensor nodes are operated with battery power, the WSNs are not offered to lose energy within a short interval of time. This paper proposes a novel data transmission method in which the clusters are formed with the nodes of the same diagonal in a ring routing path. The energy of each node consumed by the transmitter unit of the sensor nodes is reduced with the multi-hop transmission. The data transmitted from the sensor node propagate through intermediate nodes to reach the sink. Thus, every node in the cluster needs to transmit the packets to the neighbor and eventually the data reach the sink. K-nearest node algorithm is used to form the clusters along the diagonal of the ring. Comparative analysis of single-hop and multi-hop transmission proves that the total energy consumed by the sensor nodes in the network is less in multi-hop transmission. The multi-hop transmission also reduces the risk of a single node depleting its energy in a short period. This multi-hop transmission ensures the even distribution of energy consumption and increases the lifetime of the entire sensor network.