Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 116, Issue 24, Pages 12045-12053Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819110116
Keywords
TIMELESS; human genetics; mammalian circadian clock regulation; familial advanced sleep phase
Categories
Funding
- NIH [P30 DK063720, NS072360, HL059596]
- William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund
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Many components of the circadian molecular clock are conserved from flies to mammals; however, the role of mammalian Timeless remains ambiguous. Here, we report a mutation in the human TIMELESS (hTIM) gene that causes familial advanced sleep phase (FASP). Tim CRISPR mutant mice exhibit FASP with altered photic entrainment but normal circadian period. We demonstrate that the mutation prevents TIM accumulation in the nucleus and has altered affinity for CRY2, leading to destabilization of PER/CRY complex and a shortened period in nonmature mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We conclude that TIM, when excluded from the nucleus, can destabilize the negative regulators of the circadian clock, alter light entrainment, and cause FASP.
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