Effect of nutritional supplements on bio-plastics (PHB) production utilizing sugar refinery waste with potential application in food packaging

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular carbon and energy storage reserve material stored by gram-negative bacteria under nutrient limitation. PHAs are best alternative biodegradable plastics (bio-plastics) due to their resemblance to conventional synthetic plastic. The present study investigated the synergistic effect of nutritional supplements (amino acid and vitamin) on the PHA production by Alcaligenes sp. NCIM 5085 utilizing a sugar refinery waste (cane molasses) under submerged fermentation process. Initially, the effect of individual factor on PHA yield was studied by supplementing amino acids (cysteine, isoleucine, and methionine), vitamin (thiamin), and cane molasses at varying concentration in the production medium. Further, the cultivation medium was optimized by varying the levels of cane molasses, methionine and thiamin using response surface methodology to enhance the PHA yield. The maximum PHA yield of 70.89% was obtained under the optimized condition, which was then scaled up on 7.5 L-bioreactor. Batch cultivation in 7.5 L-bioreactor under the optimized condition gave a maximum PHA yield and productivity of 79.26% and 0.312 gL(-1) h(-1), respectively. The PHA produced was subsequently characterized as PHB by FTIR. PHB extracted was of relatively high molecular weight and crystallinity index. DSC analysis gave T-g, T-m, and X-c of 4.2, 179 degrees C and 66%, respectively. TGA analysis showed thermal stability with maximized degradation occurring at 302 degrees C, which is above the melting temperature (179 degrees C) of the purified polymer. The extracted polymer, therefore, possessed desirable material properties to be used in food packaging.